{"id":1018,"date":"2022-01-11T22:37:36","date_gmt":"2022-01-11T22:37:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=1018"},"modified":"2022-02-04T21:46:52","modified_gmt":"2022-02-04T21:46:52","slug":"4d","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/chapter\/4d\/","title":{"raw":"4D","rendered":"4D"},"content":{"raw":"<div align=\"center\">\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignnone wp-image-1025\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/11223247\/Picture51-300x190.jpg\" alt=\"a semispherical map of the world\" width=\"875\" height=\"554\" \/> <img class=\"alignnone wp-image-1026\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/11223253\/Picture52-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"A calculator that has a display reading &quot;tax&quot; sitting on top of 100 dollar bills.\" width=\"900\" height=\"597\" \/><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-1027\" style=\"font-size: 1em;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/11223300\/Picture53-300x71.png\" alt=\"Two box plots. The horizontal axis is labeled &quot;Household Tax Costs ($ thousands) and is numbered in increments of one. The top is labeled A and has its lowest point at zero and its highest at approximately 2.3. The lower end of the box is at approximately 0.5 while the upper end is at approximately 2. The center line is at approximately 1.4. For plot B, the lowest point is at 0 and the highest point is at approximately 1.25. The low end of the box is at approximately 0.05 while the upper end is at approximately 0.5. The middle line is at approximately 0.1. Above the high point of plot B, there are lots of individual dots very close together all the way up the rest of the box plot.\" width=\"1132\" height=\"268\" \/><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">\u00a0<\/span><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-1028\" style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/11223304\/Picture54-300x103.png\" alt=\"Two side-by side boxplots. The horizontal axis is labeled &quot;Hate crimes per 100,000 population. On the vertical axis, the first boxplot is labeled &quot;Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)&quot; and the second is labeled &quot;Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC).&quot; For the FBI boxplot, the low point is at zero and the high point is at approximately 0.15. The low end of the box is at approximately 0.03, the high end is at approximately 0.1, and the middle line is at approximately 0.05. There is also a point at approximately 0.3. For the SPLC boxplot, the low point is at approximately .15 and the high point is at approximately 0.2. The low end of the box is at approximately 0.15, the high end is at approximately 0.40, and the center line is at approximately 0.25. There are also two points, one at approximately 0.85 and one at approximately 1.55.\" width=\"917\" height=\"315\" \/> <img class=\"alignnone wp-image-1029\" style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/11223308\/Picture55-267x300.png\" alt=\"A vertical boxplot titled &quot;Percentage of drivers involved in fatal collisions who were alcohol-impaired.&quot; The vertical axis is numbered by increments of 5 from 15 to 50. On the graph, there are points at16, 41, 42, and 44. The point at 44 is labeled &quot;A.&quot; The high point of the box plot is at 38 and labeled &quot;B,&quot; while the low point is at 23 and labeled &quot;F.&quot; The high end of the box is at 33 and labeled &quot;C&quot; while the low end is at 28 and labeled &quot;E.&quot; The middle line is at 30 and labeled &quot;D.&quot;\" width=\"672\" height=\"755\" \/> <img class=\"alignnone wp-image-1030\" style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/11223314\/Picture56-252x300.png\" alt=\"A vertical boxplot titled &quot;Percentage of drivers involved in fatal collisions who were alcohol-impaired.&quot; The vertical axis is numbered by increments of 5 from 15 to 50. On the graph, there is a point at 16 labeled &quot;D.&quot; There are also points at 41, 42, and 44 collectively labeled &quot;A.&quot; The high point of the box plot is at 38 and labeled &quot;B,&quot; while the low point is at 23 and labeled &quot;C.&quot; The high end of the box is at 33 while the low end is at 28. The middle line is at 30.\" width=\"683\" height=\"813\" \/>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Country<\/td>\r\n<td>Population Rank<\/td>\r\n<td>GDP per Capita<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>China<\/td>\r\n<td>1<\/td>\r\n<td>$9,771<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>India<\/td>\r\n<td>2<\/td>\r\n<td>$2,016<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>United States<\/td>\r\n<td>3<\/td>\r\n<td>$62,641<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Indonesia<\/td>\r\n<td>4<\/td>\r\n<td>$3,894<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Pakistan<\/td>\r\n<td>5<\/td>\r\n<td>$1,473<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Brazil<\/td>\r\n<td>6<\/td>\r\n<td>$8,921<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Nigeria<\/td>\r\n<td>7<\/td>\r\n<td>$2,028<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Bangladesh<\/td>\r\n<td>8<\/td>\r\n<td>$1,698<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Russia<\/td>\r\n<td>9<\/td>\r\n<td>$11,289<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Japan<\/td>\r\n<td>10<\/td>\r\n<td>$39,287<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Income Group<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Mean Tax Cut<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Lowest Quintile<\/td>\r\n<td>$40<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Second Quintile<\/td>\r\n<td>$320<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Middle Quintile<\/td>\r\n<td>$780<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Fourth Quintile<\/td>\r\n<td>$1,480<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Top Quintile<\/td>\r\n<td>$5,790<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Top 1 Percent<\/td>\r\n<td>$32,650<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Top 0.1 Percent<\/td>\r\n<td>$89,060<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>state_abbrev<\/td>\r\n<td>median_house_inc<\/td>\r\n<td>hate_crimes_per_100k_splc<\/td>\r\n<td>avg_hatecrimes_per_100k_fbi<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>AL<\/td>\r\n<td>42278<\/td>\r\n<td>0.125838926<\/td>\r\n<td>1.806410489<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>AK<\/td>\r\n<td>67629<\/td>\r\n<td>0.143740118<\/td>\r\n<td>1.656700109<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>AZ<\/td>\r\n<td>49254<\/td>\r\n<td>0.225319954<\/td>\r\n<td>3.413927994<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>AR<\/td>\r\n<td>44922<\/td>\r\n<td>0.069060773<\/td>\r\n<td>0.869208872<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>CA<\/td>\r\n<td>60487<\/td>\r\n<td>0.255805361<\/td>\r\n<td>2.397985899<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>CO<\/td>\r\n<td>60940<\/td>\r\n<td>0.390523301<\/td>\r\n<td>2.804688765<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>CT<\/td>\r\n<td>70161<\/td>\r\n<td>0.335392269<\/td>\r\n<td>3.772701469<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>DE<\/td>\r\n<td>57522<\/td>\r\n<td>0.322754169<\/td>\r\n<td>1.469979563<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>DC<\/td>\r\n<td>68277<\/td>\r\n<td>1.52230172<\/td>\r\n<td>10.95347971<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Minimum<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>First <\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Quartile<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Median<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Third <\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Quartile<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Maximum<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>16<\/td>\r\n<td>28<\/td>\r\n<td>30<\/td>\r\n<td>33<\/td>\r\n<td>44<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div align=\"center\">\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Term<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Boxplot Feature<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Minimum<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>First quartile (Q1)<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Median<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Third quartile (Q3)<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Maximum<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div align=\"center\">\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Term<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Boxplot Feature<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Upper outlier(s)<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Lower outlier(s)<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Greatest value of an observation that is not an upper outlier<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Lowest value of an observation that is not a lower outlier<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div align=\"center\"><\/div>\r\n<div align=\"center\">\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>State<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Percentage of Drivers Involved in Fatal Crashes and Impaired by Alcohol<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>State<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Percentage of Drivers Involved in Fatal Crashes and Impaired by Alcohol<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Utah<\/td>\r\n<td>16<\/td>\r\n<td>Maine<\/td>\r\n<td>30<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Kentucky<\/td>\r\n<td>23<\/td>\r\n<td>New Hampshire<\/td>\r\n<td>30<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Kansas<\/td>\r\n<td>\u00a024<\/td>\r\n<td>Vermont<\/td>\r\n<td>30<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Alaska<\/td>\r\n<td>25<\/td>\r\n<td>Mississippi<\/td>\r\n<td>31<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Georgia<\/td>\r\n<td>25<\/td>\r\n<td>North Carolina<\/td>\r\n<td>31<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Iowa<\/td>\r\n<td>25<\/td>\r\n<td>Pennsylvania<\/td>\r\n<td>31<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Arkansas<\/td>\r\n<td>26<\/td>\r\n<td>Maryland<\/td>\r\n<td>32<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Oregon<\/td>\r\n<td>26<\/td>\r\n<td>Nevada<\/td>\r\n<td>32<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>District of Columbia<\/td>\r\n<td>27<\/td>\r\n<td>Wyoming<\/td>\r\n<td>32<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>New Mexico<\/td>\r\n<td>27<\/td>\r\n<td>Louisiana<\/td>\r\n<td>33<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Virginia<\/td>\r\n<td>27<\/td>\r\n<td>South Dakota<\/td>\r\n<td>33<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Arizona<\/td>\r\n<td>28<\/td>\r\n<td>Washington<\/td>\r\n<td>33<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>California<\/td>\r\n<td>28<\/td>\r\n<td>Wisconsin<\/td>\r\n<td>33<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Colorado<\/td>\r\n<td>28<\/td>\r\n<td>Illinois<\/td>\r\n<td>34<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Michigan<\/td>\r\n<td>28<\/td>\r\n<td>Missouri<\/td>\r\n<td>34<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>New Jersey<\/td>\r\n<td>28<\/td>\r\n<td>Ohio<\/td>\r\n<td>34<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>West Virginia<\/td>\r\n<td>28<\/td>\r\n<td>Massachusetts<\/td>\r\n<td>35<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Florida<\/td>\r\n<td>29<\/td>\r\n<td>Nebraska<\/td>\r\n<td>35<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Idaho<\/td>\r\n<td>29<\/td>\r\n<td>Connecticut<\/td>\r\n<td>36<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Indiana<\/td>\r\n<td>29<\/td>\r\n<td>Rhode Island<\/td>\r\n<td>38<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Minnesota<\/td>\r\n<td>29<\/td>\r\n<td>Texas<\/td>\r\n<td>38<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>New York<\/td>\r\n<td>29<\/td>\r\n<td>Hawaii<\/td>\r\n<td>41<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Oklahoma<\/td>\r\n<td>29<\/td>\r\n<td>South Carolina<\/td>\r\n<td>41<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Tennessee<\/td>\r\n<td>29<\/td>\r\n<td>North Dakota<\/td>\r\n<td>42<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Alabama<\/td>\r\n<td>30<\/td>\r\n<td>Montana<\/td>\r\n<td>44<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Delaware<\/td>\r\n<td>30<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Boxplot<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Distribution<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-1022\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/11223158\/ChartPicture4-300x36.png\" alt=\"A boxplot numbered in increments of 50 from 0 to 350. The low point of the plot is at 50 and the high point is at approximately 290. The low end of the box is at approximately 140, the high end is at approximately 210, and the middle line is at approximately 180. There is also a point at 0 and one at approximately 340.\" width=\"975\" height=\"117\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td>a) left skewed\r\n\r\nb) symmetric\r\n\r\nc) right skewed<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-1023\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/11223205\/ChartPicture5-300x35.png\" alt=\"A boxplot numbered in increments of 5 from 0 to 25. The low end of the plot is at 0 and the high end is at approximately 8. The low edge of the box is at approximately 1, while the high edge is at approximately 4 and the center line is at approximately 2. There are also points at approximately 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 22, and 24.\" width=\"947\" height=\"111\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td>a) left skewed\r\n\r\nb) symmetric\r\n\r\nc) right skewed<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-1024\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/11223210\/ChartPicture6-300x37.png\" alt=\"A box plot labeled in increments of 5 from 35 to 60. The low point of the box plot is at 55 and the high point is at approximately 61. The low end of the box is at approximately 56, the high end is at approximately 60, and the middle line is at approximately 58. There are also points at approximately 35, 36, 37, and 38.\" width=\"1058\" height=\"129\" \/><\/td>\r\n<td>a) left skewed\r\n\r\nb) symmetric\r\n\r\nc) right skewed<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Skill or Concept: I can . . .<\/td>\r\n<td>Questions to check your understanding<\/td>\r\n<td>Rating\r\nfrom 1 to 5<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Identify the features of a boxplot.<\/td>\r\n<td>1, 4<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Interpret the features of a boxplot.<\/td>\r\n<td>2<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Identify outliers in a dataset.<\/td>\r\n<td>3, 5<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Relate a boxplot of a quantitative variable to its distribution.<\/td>\r\n<td>6\u20138<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nGlossary\r\n<dl id=\"fs-id1170572229168\" class=\"definition\">\r\n \t<dt>first quartile<\/dt>\r\n \t<dd id=\"fs-id1170572229174\">the value below which one quarter of the data lies, also equal to the 25th percentile. Sometimes denoted Q1.<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n<dl id=\"fs-id1170572229190\" class=\"definition\">\r\n \t<dt>third quartile<\/dt>\r\n \t<dd id=\"fs-id1170572229195\">the value below which three quarters of the data lay, also equal to the 75th percentile. Sometimes denoted as Q3.<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n<dl id=\"fs-id1170572482608\" class=\"definition\">\r\n \t<dt>interquartile range<\/dt>\r\n \t<dd id=\"fs-id1170572482614\">the quantity Q3\u2013Q1. Sometimes denoted IQR.<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n<dl id=\"fs-id1170572482619\" class=\"definition\">\r\n \t<dt>five-number summary<\/dt>\r\n \t<dd id=\"fs-id1170572482624\">the collection of the minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum of the variable.<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n<dl id=\"fs-id1170572482683\" class=\"definition\">\r\n \t<dt>upper outlier<\/dt>\r\n \t<dd id=\"fs-id1170572482689\">an observation that is greater than Q3 + 1.5\u00a0\u00d7 (IQR).<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n<dl id=\"fs-id1170572482683\" class=\"definition\">\r\n \t<dt>lower outlier<\/dt>\r\n \t<dd id=\"fs-id1170572482689\">an observation that is less than Q1 \u2013 1.5 \u00d7 (IQR).<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div style=\"margin: auto;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1025\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/11223247\/Picture51-300x190.jpg\" alt=\"a semispherical map of the world\" width=\"875\" height=\"554\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1026\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/11223253\/Picture52-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"A calculator that has a display reading &quot;tax&quot; sitting on top of 100 dollar bills.\" width=\"900\" height=\"597\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1027\" style=\"font-size: 1em;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/11223300\/Picture53-300x71.png\" alt=\"Two box plots. The horizontal axis is labeled &quot;Household Tax Costs ($ thousands) and is numbered in increments of one. The top is labeled A and has its lowest point at zero and its highest at approximately 2.3. The lower end of the box is at approximately 0.5 while the upper end is at approximately 2. The center line is at approximately 1.4. For plot B, the lowest point is at 0 and the highest point is at approximately 1.25. The low end of the box is at approximately 0.05 while the upper end is at approximately 0.5. The middle line is at approximately 0.1. Above the high point of plot B, there are lots of individual dots very close together all the way up the rest of the box plot.\" width=\"1132\" height=\"268\" \/><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">\u00a0<\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1028\" style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/11223304\/Picture54-300x103.png\" alt=\"Two side-by side boxplots. The horizontal axis is labeled &quot;Hate crimes per 100,000 population. On the vertical axis, the first boxplot is labeled &quot;Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)&quot; and the second is labeled &quot;Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC).&quot; For the FBI boxplot, the low point is at zero and the high point is at approximately 0.15. The low end of the box is at approximately 0.03, the high end is at approximately 0.1, and the middle line is at approximately 0.05. There is also a point at approximately 0.3. For the SPLC boxplot, the low point is at approximately .15 and the high point is at approximately 0.2. The low end of the box is at approximately 0.15, the high end is at approximately 0.40, and the center line is at approximately 0.25. There are also two points, one at approximately 0.85 and one at approximately 1.55.\" width=\"917\" height=\"315\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1029\" style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/11223308\/Picture55-267x300.png\" alt=\"A vertical boxplot titled &quot;Percentage of drivers involved in fatal collisions who were alcohol-impaired.&quot; The vertical axis is numbered by increments of 5 from 15 to 50. On the graph, there are points at16, 41, 42, and 44. The point at 44 is labeled &quot;A.&quot; The high point of the box plot is at 38 and labeled &quot;B,&quot; while the low point is at 23 and labeled &quot;F.&quot; The high end of the box is at 33 and labeled &quot;C&quot; while the low end is at 28 and labeled &quot;E.&quot; The middle line is at 30 and labeled &quot;D.&quot;\" width=\"672\" height=\"755\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1030\" style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/11223314\/Picture56-252x300.png\" alt=\"A vertical boxplot titled &quot;Percentage of drivers involved in fatal collisions who were alcohol-impaired.&quot; The vertical axis is numbered by increments of 5 from 15 to 50. On the graph, there is a point at 16 labeled &quot;D.&quot; There are also points at 41, 42, and 44 collectively labeled &quot;A.&quot; The high point of the box plot is at 38 and labeled &quot;B,&quot; while the low point is at 23 and labeled &quot;C.&quot; The high end of the box is at 33 while the low end is at 28. The middle line is at 30.\" width=\"683\" height=\"813\" \/><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Country<\/td>\n<td>Population Rank<\/td>\n<td>GDP per Capita<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>China<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>$9,771<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>India<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>$2,016<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>United States<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>$62,641<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Indonesia<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>$3,894<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pakistan<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>$1,473<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Brazil<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>$8,921<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nigeria<\/td>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>$2,028<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Bangladesh<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>$1,698<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Russia<\/td>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>$11,289<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Japan<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>$39,287<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Income Group<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Mean Tax Cut<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lowest Quintile<\/td>\n<td>$40<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Second Quintile<\/td>\n<td>$320<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Middle Quintile<\/td>\n<td>$780<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Fourth Quintile<\/td>\n<td>$1,480<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Top Quintile<\/td>\n<td>$5,790<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Top 1 Percent<\/td>\n<td>$32,650<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Top 0.1 Percent<\/td>\n<td>$89,060<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>state_abbrev<\/td>\n<td>median_house_inc<\/td>\n<td>hate_crimes_per_100k_splc<\/td>\n<td>avg_hatecrimes_per_100k_fbi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>AL<\/td>\n<td>42278<\/td>\n<td>0.125838926<\/td>\n<td>1.806410489<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>AK<\/td>\n<td>67629<\/td>\n<td>0.143740118<\/td>\n<td>1.656700109<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>AZ<\/td>\n<td>49254<\/td>\n<td>0.225319954<\/td>\n<td>3.413927994<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>AR<\/td>\n<td>44922<\/td>\n<td>0.069060773<\/td>\n<td>0.869208872<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CA<\/td>\n<td>60487<\/td>\n<td>0.255805361<\/td>\n<td>2.397985899<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CO<\/td>\n<td>60940<\/td>\n<td>0.390523301<\/td>\n<td>2.804688765<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CT<\/td>\n<td>70161<\/td>\n<td>0.335392269<\/td>\n<td>3.772701469<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>DE<\/td>\n<td>57522<\/td>\n<td>0.322754169<\/td>\n<td>1.469979563<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>DC<\/td>\n<td>68277<\/td>\n<td>1.52230172<\/td>\n<td>10.95347971<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Minimum<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>First <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Quartile<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Median<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Third <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Quartile<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Maximum<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td>28<\/td>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<td>33<\/td>\n<td>44<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div style=\"margin: auto;\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Term<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Boxplot Feature<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Minimum<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>First quartile (Q1)<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Median<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Third quartile (Q3)<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Maximum<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div style=\"margin: auto;\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Term<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Boxplot Feature<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Upper outlier(s)<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lower outlier(s)<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Greatest value of an observation that is not an upper outlier<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lowest value of an observation that is not a lower outlier<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div style=\"margin: auto;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: auto;\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>State<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Percentage of Drivers Involved in Fatal Crashes and Impaired by Alcohol<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>State<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Percentage of Drivers Involved in Fatal Crashes and Impaired by Alcohol<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Utah<\/td>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td>Maine<\/td>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kentucky<\/td>\n<td>23<\/td>\n<td>New Hampshire<\/td>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kansas<\/td>\n<td>\u00a024<\/td>\n<td>Vermont<\/td>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Alaska<\/td>\n<td>25<\/td>\n<td>Mississippi<\/td>\n<td>31<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Georgia<\/td>\n<td>25<\/td>\n<td>North Carolina<\/td>\n<td>31<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Iowa<\/td>\n<td>25<\/td>\n<td>Pennsylvania<\/td>\n<td>31<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Arkansas<\/td>\n<td>26<\/td>\n<td>Maryland<\/td>\n<td>32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Oregon<\/td>\n<td>26<\/td>\n<td>Nevada<\/td>\n<td>32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>District of Columbia<\/td>\n<td>27<\/td>\n<td>Wyoming<\/td>\n<td>32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>New Mexico<\/td>\n<td>27<\/td>\n<td>Louisiana<\/td>\n<td>33<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Virginia<\/td>\n<td>27<\/td>\n<td>South Dakota<\/td>\n<td>33<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Arizona<\/td>\n<td>28<\/td>\n<td>Washington<\/td>\n<td>33<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>California<\/td>\n<td>28<\/td>\n<td>Wisconsin<\/td>\n<td>33<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Colorado<\/td>\n<td>28<\/td>\n<td>Illinois<\/td>\n<td>34<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Michigan<\/td>\n<td>28<\/td>\n<td>Missouri<\/td>\n<td>34<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>New Jersey<\/td>\n<td>28<\/td>\n<td>Ohio<\/td>\n<td>34<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>West Virginia<\/td>\n<td>28<\/td>\n<td>Massachusetts<\/td>\n<td>35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Florida<\/td>\n<td>29<\/td>\n<td>Nebraska<\/td>\n<td>35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Idaho<\/td>\n<td>29<\/td>\n<td>Connecticut<\/td>\n<td>36<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Indiana<\/td>\n<td>29<\/td>\n<td>Rhode Island<\/td>\n<td>38<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Minnesota<\/td>\n<td>29<\/td>\n<td>Texas<\/td>\n<td>38<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>New York<\/td>\n<td>29<\/td>\n<td>Hawaii<\/td>\n<td>41<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Oklahoma<\/td>\n<td>29<\/td>\n<td>South Carolina<\/td>\n<td>41<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tennessee<\/td>\n<td>29<\/td>\n<td>North Dakota<\/td>\n<td>42<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Alabama<\/td>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<td>Montana<\/td>\n<td>44<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Delaware<\/td>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Boxplot<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Distribution<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1022\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/11223158\/ChartPicture4-300x36.png\" alt=\"A boxplot numbered in increments of 50 from 0 to 350. The low point of the plot is at 50 and the high point is at approximately 290. The low end of the box is at approximately 140, the high end is at approximately 210, and the middle line is at approximately 180. There is also a point at 0 and one at approximately 340.\" width=\"975\" height=\"117\" \/><\/td>\n<td>a) left skewed<\/p>\n<p>b) symmetric<\/p>\n<p>c) right skewed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1023\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/11223205\/ChartPicture5-300x35.png\" alt=\"A boxplot numbered in increments of 5 from 0 to 25. The low end of the plot is at 0 and the high end is at approximately 8. The low edge of the box is at approximately 1, while the high edge is at approximately 4 and the center line is at approximately 2. There are also points at approximately 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 22, and 24.\" width=\"947\" height=\"111\" \/><\/td>\n<td>a) left skewed<\/p>\n<p>b) symmetric<\/p>\n<p>c) right skewed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1024\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/11223210\/ChartPicture6-300x37.png\" alt=\"A box plot labeled in increments of 5 from 35 to 60. The low point of the box plot is at 55 and the high point is at approximately 61. The low end of the box is at approximately 56, the high end is at approximately 60, and the middle line is at approximately 58. There are also points at approximately 35, 36, 37, and 38.\" width=\"1058\" height=\"129\" \/><\/td>\n<td>a) left skewed<\/p>\n<p>b) symmetric<\/p>\n<p>c) right skewed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div style=\"text-align: left; margin: auto;\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Skill or Concept: I can . . .<\/td>\n<td>Questions to check your understanding<\/td>\n<td>Rating<br \/>\nfrom 1 to 5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Identify the features of a boxplot.<\/td>\n<td>1, 4<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Interpret the features of a boxplot.<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Identify outliers in a dataset.<\/td>\n<td>3, 5<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Relate a boxplot of a quantitative variable to its distribution.<\/td>\n<td>6\u20138<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Glossary<\/p>\n<dl id=\"fs-id1170572229168\" class=\"definition\">\n<dt>first quartile<\/dt>\n<dd id=\"fs-id1170572229174\">the value below which one quarter of the data lies, also equal to the 25th percentile. Sometimes denoted Q1.<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl id=\"fs-id1170572229190\" class=\"definition\">\n<dt>third quartile<\/dt>\n<dd id=\"fs-id1170572229195\">the value below which three quarters of the data lay, also equal to the 75th percentile. Sometimes denoted as Q3.<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl id=\"fs-id1170572482608\" class=\"definition\">\n<dt>interquartile range<\/dt>\n<dd id=\"fs-id1170572482614\">the quantity Q3\u2013Q1. Sometimes denoted IQR.<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl id=\"fs-id1170572482619\" class=\"definition\">\n<dt>five-number summary<\/dt>\n<dd id=\"fs-id1170572482624\">the collection of the minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum of the variable.<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl id=\"fs-id1170572482683\" class=\"definition\">\n<dt>upper outlier<\/dt>\n<dd id=\"fs-id1170572482689\">an observation that is greater than Q3 + 1.5\u00a0\u00d7 (IQR).<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl id=\"fs-id1170572482683\" class=\"definition\">\n<dt>lower outlier<\/dt>\n<dd id=\"fs-id1170572482689\">an observation that is less than Q1 \u2013 1.5 \u00d7 (IQR).<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":23592,"menu_order":9,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-1018","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":704,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1018","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23592"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1018\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2809,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1018\/revisions\/2809"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/704"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1018\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1018"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1018"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1018"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1018"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}