{"id":156,"date":"2021-10-10T18:31:25","date_gmt":"2021-10-10T18:31:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=156"},"modified":"2022-02-18T00:55:15","modified_gmt":"2022-02-18T00:55:15","slug":"3d-coreq","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/chapter\/3d-coreq\/","title":{"raw":"Corequisite Support Activity for Applications of Histograms: 3D - 10","rendered":"Corequisite Support Activity for Applications of Histograms: 3D &#8211; 10"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>What you'll need to know<\/h3>\r\nIn this support activity you'll become familiar with the following:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"#ReadInterpret\">Read and interpret a data table and data dictionary.<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"#HistFromDataset\">Create a histogram from a dataset using technology.<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"#AnswerQuestHist\">Use a histogram to answer questions about a variable.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nYou will also have an opportunity to refresh the following skills:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"#Proportion\">Write a proportion and express it as a percentage<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\nIn the next\u00a0section,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/chapter\/what-to-know-about-applications-of-histograms-3d\/\"><em>What to Know about Applications of Histograms: 3D<\/em><\/a>,\u00a0and in the following activity, you will need to be able to use technology to visualize the distribution of quantitative variables and use the visualization to answer questions about the distribution.\r\n<h2><strong>Analyzing Course Evaluations<\/strong><\/h2>\r\nIn this corequisite support activity, you will use the <em>evals<\/em> dataset,[footnote] Professor evaluations and beauty. (n.d.). OpenIntro. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.openintro.org\/data\/index.php?data=evals[\/footnote] which includes information collected from student evaluations for a sample of 463 courses taught by 94 professors at The University of Texas at Austin. Each row is a different course, and the columns have information about the professor and summary information from the course.\r\n\r\nThe objective of this analysis is to explore the distribution of age of the professor for the 463 courses. To do so, you\u2019ll use technology to make a histogram to visualize the distribution of professor ages.\r\n<h3 id=\"ReadInterpret\">Read and interpret a data table and data dictionary<\/h3>\r\nThe first 10 observations of the selected variables within the \u201cTeaching Evaluations\u201d dataset are displayed in the following table.\r\n<div align=\"center\">\r\n<table style=\"height: 177px;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 23px; width: 402.5px;\" colspan=\"5\"><strong>Teaching Evaluations<\/strong><strong>\r\n<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 47.7188px; text-align: center;\"><strong>score<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 90.8906px; text-align: center;\"><strong>rank<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 77.1094px; text-align: center;\"><strong>cls_profs<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 104.641px; text-align: center;\"><strong>cls_students<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 32.1406px; text-align: center;\"><strong>age<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 47.7188px; text-align: center;\">4.7<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 90.8906px; text-align: center;\">tenure track<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 77.1094px; text-align: center;\">single<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 104.641px; text-align: center;\">43<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 32.1406px; text-align: center;\">36<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 47.7188px; text-align: center;\">4.1<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 90.8906px; text-align: center;\">tenure track<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 77.1094px; text-align: center;\">single<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 104.641px; text-align: center;\">125<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 32.1406px; text-align: center;\">36<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 47.7188px; text-align: center;\">3.9<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 90.8906px; text-align: center;\">tenure track<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 77.1094px; text-align: center;\">single<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 104.641px; text-align: center;\">125<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 32.1406px; text-align: center;\">36<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 47.7188px; text-align: center;\">4.8<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 90.8906px; text-align: center;\">tenure track<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 77.1094px; text-align: center;\">single<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 104.641px; text-align: center;\">123<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 32.1406px; text-align: center;\">36<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 47.7188px; text-align: center;\">4.6<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 90.8906px; text-align: center;\">tenured<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 77.1094px; text-align: center;\">multiple<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 104.641px; text-align: center;\">20<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 32.1406px; text-align: center;\">59<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 47.7188px; text-align: center;\">4.3<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 90.8906px; text-align: center;\">tenured<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 77.1094px; text-align: center;\">multiple<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 104.641px; text-align: center;\">40<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 32.1406px; text-align: center;\">59<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 47.7188px; text-align: center;\">2.8<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 90.8906px; text-align: center;\">tenured<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 77.1094px; text-align: center;\">multiple<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 104.641px; text-align: center;\">44<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 32.1406px; text-align: center;\">59<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 47.7188px; text-align: center;\">4.1<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 90.8906px; text-align: center;\">tenured<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 77.1094px; text-align: center;\">single<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 104.641px; text-align: center;\">55<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 32.1406px; text-align: center;\">51<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 47.7188px; text-align: center;\">3.4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 90.8906px; text-align: center;\">tenured<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 77.1094px; text-align: center;\">single<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 104.641px; text-align: center;\">195<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 32.1406px; text-align: center;\">51<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 47.7188px; text-align: center;\">4.5<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 90.8906px; text-align: center;\">tenured<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 77.1094px; text-align: center;\">single<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 104.641px; text-align: center;\">46<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 32.1406px; text-align: center;\">40<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\nThe following is a data dictionary of the selected variables:\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>score: <\/em>Average professor evaluation score\r\n<em>rank: <\/em>Rank of professor (teaching, tenure track, tenured)\r\n<em>cls_profs: <\/em>Number of professors teaching sections in course in sample (single, multiple)\r\n<em>cls_students: <\/em>Number of students in the class\r\n<em>age: <\/em>Age of professor in years<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>question 1<\/h3>\r\nWhat are the observational units in the dataset?\r\n\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"852290\"]Hint[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"852290\"]From what person, item, or entity have the observations been taken?\u00a0 [\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>question 2<\/h3>\r\nWhich of the following variables are quantitative? Select all that apply.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li><em>score<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>rank<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>cls_profs<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>cls_students<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>age<\/em>\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"327228\"]Hint[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"327228\"]Remember that quantitative observations are in numerical form and can be manipulated arithmetically.[\/hidden-answer]<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>Now let's examine the distribution of the variable <em>age<\/em>.<\/div>\r\n<h3 id=\"HistFromDataset\">Create a histogram from a dataset using technology<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"textbox\">Go to the <em>Describing and Exploring Quantitative Variables<\/em> tool at <a href=\"https:\/\/dcmathpathways.shinyapps.io\/EDA_quantitative\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/dcmathpathways.shinyapps.io\/EDA_quantitative\/<\/a> and select the dataset <strong>Teaching Evaluations - Age\"\u00a0<\/strong>to\u00a0make a histogram of the distribution of professor ages. Select\u00a0<strong>Binwidth<\/strong> to 5.<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>question 3<\/h3>\r\n[ohm_question]240613[\/ohm_question]\r\n\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"805230\"]Hint[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"805230\"]Make sure that you have selected the correct dataset, Teaching Evaluations - Age. [\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3 id=\"AnswerQuestHist\">Use a histogram to answer questions about a variable<\/h3>\r\nUse the histogram to answer the following questions. You may wish to refresh the mathematical skill needed for Question 4 in the recall box before beginning. Also see the Student Resources:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Stats+Exemplar\/Resource+-+Fractions%2C+Decimals%2C+Percentages.pdf\"><em>Fractions, Decimals, Percentages<\/em><\/a> and\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Stats+Exemplar\/Resource+-+Ratios+and+Fractions.pdf\">Ratios and Fractions<\/a>.<\/em>\r\n<div id=\"Proportion\" class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>Recall<\/h3>\r\nFor question 4 below, recall from 1E and 2D Corequisite Activities how to write a proportion.\r\n\r\nCore Skill:\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"130155\"]Write a proportion then convert to a percent.[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"130155\"]\r\n\r\nEx: A class of 30 students has 13 student athletes enrolled. 6 play soccer, 3 play football, and 3 are swimmers, and 1 plays baseball. What proportion of the students in the class play soccer?\r\n\r\n6 of the 30 play soccer.\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">[latex]\\dfrac{6}{30} \\Rightarrow \\dfrac{1}{5}[\/latex], reduce the ratio by dividing the common factor of 6 from the numerator and denominator.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">[latex]1\\div 5 = 0.2[\/latex] perform the division to obtain the proportion.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">[latex]0.2\\Rightarrow 20\\%[\/latex] move the decimal two places to the right and append the percent symbol to write the proportion as a percentage.<\/p>\r\n[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>question 4<\/h3>\r\nAbout what proportion of courses are taught by a professor who is younger than 40 years old?\r\n\r\nHint: The number of observations in each group can be easily seen by hovering over the bar on the histogram.\r\n\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"978862\"]Show Me a Hint[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"978862\"]Recall that a proportion is a part out of a whole, often expressed as a percentage. There were 463 courses in total.[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>question 5<\/h3>\r\nAbout 50% of the courses in the data were taught by professors older than what age? Select the closest response.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>30<\/li>\r\n \t<li>45<\/li>\r\n \t<li>50<\/li>\r\n \t<li>55<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"152137\"]Hint[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"152137\"]Where do about half the observations of the distribution appear to lie?[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>question 6<\/h3>\r\nWhat is the approximate difference between the maximum and minimum values in the distribution? Select the closest response.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>40<\/li>\r\n \t<li>45<\/li>\r\n \t<li>40<\/li>\r\n \t<li>55<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"807097\"]Hint[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"807097\"]The minimum and maximum values can estimated from the graph.[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>question 7<\/h3>\r\nBased on these data, is a course at The University of Texas at Austin more likely to be taught by a professor who is close to 37 years old or close to 52 years old? Explain.\r\n\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"221296\"]Hint[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"221296\"]Which age is associated with more observations?[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nNow that you've gained some valuable practice creating and interpreting a histogram, it's time to move on to the next section and activity.\r\n<div>\r\n<div><\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>What you&#8217;ll need to know<\/h3>\n<p>In this support activity you&#8217;ll become familiar with the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#ReadInterpret\">Read and interpret a data table and data dictionary.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#HistFromDataset\">Create a histogram from a dataset using technology.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#AnswerQuestHist\">Use a histogram to answer questions about a variable.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>You will also have an opportunity to refresh the following skills:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#Proportion\">Write a proportion and express it as a percentage<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>In the next\u00a0section,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/chapter\/what-to-know-about-applications-of-histograms-3d\/\"><em>What to Know about Applications of Histograms: 3D<\/em><\/a>,\u00a0and in the following activity, you will need to be able to use technology to visualize the distribution of quantitative variables and use the visualization to answer questions about the distribution.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Analyzing Course Evaluations<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>In this corequisite support activity, you will use the <em>evals<\/em> dataset,<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Professor evaluations and beauty. (n.d.). OpenIntro. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.openintro.org\/data\/index.php?data=evals\" id=\"return-footnote-156-1\" href=\"#footnote-156-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a> which includes information collected from student evaluations for a sample of 463 courses taught by 94 professors at The University of Texas at Austin. Each row is a different course, and the columns have information about the professor and summary information from the course.<\/p>\n<p>The objective of this analysis is to explore the distribution of age of the professor for the 463 courses. To do so, you\u2019ll use technology to make a histogram to visualize the distribution of professor ages.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"ReadInterpret\">Read and interpret a data table and data dictionary<\/h3>\n<p>The first 10 observations of the selected variables within the \u201cTeaching Evaluations\u201d dataset are displayed in the following table.<\/p>\n<div style=\"margin: auto;\">\n<table style=\"height: 177px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 23px; width: 402.5px;\" colspan=\"5\"><strong>Teaching Evaluations<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 47.7188px; text-align: center;\"><strong>score<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 90.8906px; text-align: center;\"><strong>rank<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 77.1094px; text-align: center;\"><strong>cls_profs<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 104.641px; text-align: center;\"><strong>cls_students<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 32.1406px; text-align: center;\"><strong>age<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 47.7188px; text-align: center;\">4.7<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 90.8906px; text-align: center;\">tenure track<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 77.1094px; text-align: center;\">single<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 104.641px; text-align: center;\">43<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 32.1406px; text-align: center;\">36<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 47.7188px; text-align: center;\">4.1<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 90.8906px; text-align: center;\">tenure track<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 77.1094px; text-align: center;\">single<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 104.641px; text-align: center;\">125<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 32.1406px; text-align: center;\">36<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 47.7188px; text-align: center;\">3.9<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 90.8906px; text-align: center;\">tenure track<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 77.1094px; text-align: center;\">single<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 104.641px; text-align: center;\">125<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 32.1406px; text-align: center;\">36<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 47.7188px; text-align: center;\">4.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 90.8906px; text-align: center;\">tenure track<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 77.1094px; text-align: center;\">single<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 104.641px; text-align: center;\">123<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 32.1406px; text-align: center;\">36<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 47.7188px; text-align: center;\">4.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 90.8906px; text-align: center;\">tenured<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 77.1094px; text-align: center;\">multiple<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 104.641px; text-align: center;\">20<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 32.1406px; text-align: center;\">59<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 47.7188px; text-align: center;\">4.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 90.8906px; text-align: center;\">tenured<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 77.1094px; text-align: center;\">multiple<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 104.641px; text-align: center;\">40<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 32.1406px; text-align: center;\">59<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 47.7188px; text-align: center;\">2.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 90.8906px; text-align: center;\">tenured<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 77.1094px; text-align: center;\">multiple<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 104.641px; text-align: center;\">44<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 32.1406px; text-align: center;\">59<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 47.7188px; text-align: center;\">4.1<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 90.8906px; text-align: center;\">tenured<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 77.1094px; text-align: center;\">single<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 104.641px; text-align: center;\">55<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 32.1406px; text-align: center;\">51<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 47.7188px; text-align: center;\">3.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 90.8906px; text-align: center;\">tenured<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 77.1094px; text-align: center;\">single<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 104.641px; text-align: center;\">195<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 32.1406px; text-align: center;\">51<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 47.7188px; text-align: center;\">4.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 90.8906px; text-align: center;\">tenured<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 77.1094px; text-align: center;\">single<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 104.641px; text-align: center;\">46<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 14px; width: 32.1406px; text-align: center;\">40<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>The following is a data dictionary of the selected variables:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>score: <\/em>Average professor evaluation score<br \/>\n<em>rank: <\/em>Rank of professor (teaching, tenure track, tenured)<br \/>\n<em>cls_profs: <\/em>Number of professors teaching sections in course in sample (single, multiple)<br \/>\n<em>cls_students: <\/em>Number of students in the class<br \/>\n<em>age: <\/em>Age of professor in years<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>question 1<\/h3>\n<p>What are the observational units in the dataset?<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q852290\">Hint<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q852290\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">From what person, item, or entity have the observations been taken?\u00a0 <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>question 2<\/h3>\n<p>Which of the following variables are quantitative? Select all that apply.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><em>score<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>rank<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>cls_profs<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>cls_students<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>age<\/em>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q327228\">Hint<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q327228\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">Remember that quantitative observations are in numerical form and can be manipulated arithmetically.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div>Now let&#8217;s examine the distribution of the variable <em>age<\/em>.<\/div>\n<h3 id=\"HistFromDataset\">Create a histogram from a dataset using technology<\/h3>\n<div class=\"textbox\">Go to the <em>Describing and Exploring Quantitative Variables<\/em> tool at <a href=\"https:\/\/dcmathpathways.shinyapps.io\/EDA_quantitative\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/dcmathpathways.shinyapps.io\/EDA_quantitative\/<\/a> and select the dataset <strong>Teaching Evaluations &#8211; Age&#8221;\u00a0<\/strong>to\u00a0make a histogram of the distribution of professor ages. Select\u00a0<strong>Binwidth<\/strong> to 5.<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>question 3<\/h3>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ohm240613\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/ohm.lumenlearning.com\/multiembedq.php?id=240613&theme=oea&iframe_resize_id=ohm240613&show_question_numbers\" width=\"100%\" height=\"150\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q805230\">Hint<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q805230\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">Make sure that you have selected the correct dataset, Teaching Evaluations &#8211; Age. <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 id=\"AnswerQuestHist\">Use a histogram to answer questions about a variable<\/h3>\n<p>Use the histogram to answer the following questions. You may wish to refresh the mathematical skill needed for Question 4 in the recall box before beginning. Also see the Student Resources:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Stats+Exemplar\/Resource+-+Fractions%2C+Decimals%2C+Percentages.pdf\"><em>Fractions, Decimals, Percentages<\/em><\/a> and\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Stats+Exemplar\/Resource+-+Ratios+and+Fractions.pdf\">Ratios and Fractions<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<div id=\"Proportion\" class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>Recall<\/h3>\n<p>For question 4 below, recall from 1E and 2D Corequisite Activities how to write a proportion.<\/p>\n<p>Core Skill:<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q130155\">Write a proportion then convert to a percent.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q130155\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">\n<p>Ex: A class of 30 students has 13 student athletes enrolled. 6 play soccer, 3 play football, and 3 are swimmers, and 1 plays baseball. What proportion of the students in the class play soccer?<\/p>\n<p>6 of the 30 play soccer.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">[latex]\\dfrac{6}{30} \\Rightarrow \\dfrac{1}{5}[\/latex], reduce the ratio by dividing the common factor of 6 from the numerator and denominator.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">[latex]1\\div 5 = 0.2[\/latex] perform the division to obtain the proportion.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">[latex]0.2\\Rightarrow 20\\%[\/latex] move the decimal two places to the right and append the percent symbol to write the proportion as a percentage.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>question 4<\/h3>\n<p>About what proportion of courses are taught by a professor who is younger than 40 years old?<\/p>\n<p>Hint: The number of observations in each group can be easily seen by hovering over the bar on the histogram.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q978862\">Show Me a Hint<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q978862\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">Recall that a proportion is a part out of a whole, often expressed as a percentage. There were 463 courses in total.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>question 5<\/h3>\n<p>About 50% of the courses in the data were taught by professors older than what age? Select the closest response.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>30<\/li>\n<li>45<\/li>\n<li>50<\/li>\n<li>55<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q152137\">Hint<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q152137\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">Where do about half the observations of the distribution appear to lie?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>question 6<\/h3>\n<p>What is the approximate difference between the maximum and minimum values in the distribution? Select the closest response.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>40<\/li>\n<li>45<\/li>\n<li>40<\/li>\n<li>55<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q807097\">Hint<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q807097\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">The minimum and maximum values can estimated from the graph.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>question 7<\/h3>\n<p>Based on these data, is a course at The University of Texas at Austin more likely to be taught by a professor who is close to 37 years old or close to 52 years old? Explain.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q221296\">Hint<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q221296\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">Which age is associated with more observations?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Now that you&#8217;ve gained some valuable practice creating and interpreting a histogram, it&#8217;s time to move on to the next section and activity.<\/p>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-156-1\"> Professor evaluations and beauty. (n.d.). OpenIntro. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.openintro.org\/data\/index.php?data=evals <a href=\"#return-footnote-156-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":428269,"menu_order":24,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-156","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/156","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/428269"}],"version-history":[{"count":35,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/156\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3335,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/156\/revisions\/3335"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/156\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=156"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=156"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=156"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=156"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}