{"id":1919,"date":"2022-01-26T19:54:22","date_gmt":"2022-01-26T19:54:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=1919"},"modified":"2022-02-09T01:06:26","modified_gmt":"2022-02-09T01:06:26","slug":"12d-13a","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/chapter\/12d-13a\/","title":{"raw":"12D\/13A\/13B","rendered":"12D\/13A\/13B"},"content":{"raw":"<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Group<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Group 1 (<em>Wikipedia<\/em>)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Group 2 (<em>WebMD<\/em>)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Sample size<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Sample mean reading ease score<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Sample standard deviation<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Group<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Self-Monitor Group<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Fitness Tracker Group<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Sample size<\/td>\r\n<td>170<\/td>\r\n<td>181<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Sample mean weight loss<\/td>\r\n<td>5.9 kg<\/td>\r\n<td>3.5 kg<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Sample standard deviation<\/td>\r\n<td>3.5 kg<\/td>\r\n<td>6.3 kg<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div align=\"center\">\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Skill or Concept: I can . . .<\/td>\r\n<td>Questions to check your understanding<\/td>\r\n<td>Rating\r\nfrom 1 to 5<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Determine whether samples are independent or paired.<\/td>\r\n<td>1, 2<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Use information from independent samples to assess whether the assumptions\/conditions for the two-sample t confidence interval are reasonably met.<\/td>\r\n<td>3<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<img class=\"alignnone wp-image-1920\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/26123413\/Picture342-300x89.png\" alt=\"Text that says &quot;This is not hard to read (Arial font). This is hard to read (Mistral font).&quot;\" width=\"1247\" height=\"370\" \/> <img class=\"alignnone wp-image-1921\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/26123417\/Picture352-300x64.png\" alt=\"Some tables and a graph. On the left is a heading reading \u201cDescriptive Statistics.\u201d Beneath this is a table with four columns, labeled \u201cGroup,\u201d \u201cSample Size,\u201d \u201cMean,\u201d and \u201cStandard Deviation.\u201d The first row reads \u201cCell Phone\u201d for group, 32 for sample size, 585.2 for mean, and 89.6 for standard deviation. The next row reads \u201cNO Cell Phone\u201d for group, 32 for sample size, 533.6 for mean, and 65.4 for standard deviation. Beneath this table is another heading reading \u201cEstimate of Difference of Means,\u201d with columns \u201cPoint Estimate,\u201d \u201cStandard Error,\u201d and \u201cMargin of Error.\u201d For Point Estimate, it reads 51.6, for Standard Error, it reads 19.6, and for Margin of Error, it reads \u201cplus or minus 39.3.\u201d To the right is a graph labeled \u201cBoxplot.\u201d On the y-axis, it reads \u201cReaction Time (msec.).\u201d For \u201cCell Phone,\u201d the line begins at approximately 450 and extends to approximately 680, with the top of the box at approximately 610 and the bottom of the box at approximately 550. The middle line is at approximately 570. There is also a point at approximately 1000. For \u201cNo Cell Phone,\u201d the line begins at approximately 425 and extends to approximately 650, with the top of the box at approximately 580 and the bottom at approximately 490. The middle line is at approximately 550.\" width=\"797\" height=\"170\" \/>\r\n<div align=\"center\">\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Variable<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Description<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><em>country<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td>Country of cleanup<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><em>year<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td>Year (2019 or 2020)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><em>parent_company<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td>Source of plastic<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><em>empty<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td>Category left empty count<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><em>hdpe<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td>High-density polyethylene count (plastic milk containers, plastic bags, bottle caps, trash cans, oil cans, plastic lumber, toolboxes, supplement containers)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><em>Idpe<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td>Low-density polyethylene count (plastic bags, Ziploc bags, buckets, squeeze bottles, plastic tubes, chopping boards)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><em>other_count<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td>Category marked other count<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><em>pet<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td>Polyester plastic count (polyester fibers, soft drink bottles, food containers [also see plastic bottles])<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><em>pp<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td>Polypropylene count (flower pots, bumpers, car interior trim, industrial fibers, carry-out beverage cups, microwavable food containers, DVD cases)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><em>ps<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td>Polystyrene count (toys, video cassettes, ashtrays, trunks, beverage\/food coolers, beer cups, wine and champagne cups, carry-out food containers, styrofoam)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><em>pvc<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td>PVC plastic count (window frames, bottles for chemicals, flooring, plumbing pipes)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><em>grand_total<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td>Grand total count (all types of plastic)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><em>num_events<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td>Number of counting events<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><em>volunteers<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td>Number of volunteers<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div align=\"center\">\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Skill or Concept: I can . . .<\/td>\r\n<td>Questions to check your understanding<\/td>\r\n<td>Rating\r\nfrom 1 to 5<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Calculate the mean and standard deviation of a variable.<\/td>\r\n<td>1, 2<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Create a histogram.<\/td>\r\n<td>3<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Describe the shape and spread of a histogram.<\/td>\r\n<td>4<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Describe null and alternative hypotheses.<\/td>\r\n<td>5\u20138<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Identify the difference between a one-tailed and two-tailed hypothesis test.<\/td>\r\n<td>6, 7<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_1974\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"950\"]<img class=\"wp-image-1974\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/26195359\/Picture382-300x72.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"950\" height=\"228\" \/> NO ALT TEXT[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignnone wp-image-1972\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/26195350\/Picture36-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"A globe in the middle of a pile of garbage.\" width=\"1061\" height=\"707\" \/> <img class=\"alignnone wp-image-1973\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/26195354\/Picture372-300x285.png\" alt=\"A recycling symbol\" width=\"944\" height=\"897\" \/>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 99.9999%; height: 148px;\" border=\"1\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 11px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 11px;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 11px;\">A<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 7.77777%; height: 11px;\">B<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20.5555%; height: 11px;\">C<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4.99999%; height: 11px;\">D<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 11px;\">E<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 11px;\">F<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 11px;\">G<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 11px;\">H<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 11px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 11px;\">1<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 11px;\">country<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 7.77777%; height: 11px;\">year<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20.5555%; height: 11px;\">parent_company<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4.99999%; height: 11px;\">empty<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 11px;\">hdpe<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 11px;\">ldpe<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 11px;\">other_count<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 11px;\">pet<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">9502<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">Argentina<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 7.77777%; height: 14px;\">2020<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20.5555%; height: 14px;\">The Coca-Cola Company<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4.99999%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">3<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">2<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">32<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">9588<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">Australia<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 7.77777%; height: 14px;\">2020<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20.5555%; height: 14px;\">The Coca-Cola Company<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4.99999%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">3<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">3<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">17<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">37<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">9731<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">Bangladesh<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 7.77777%; height: 14px;\">2020<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20.5555%; height: 14px;\">The Coca-Cola Company<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4.99999%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">66<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">9738<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">Benin<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 7.77777%; height: 14px;\">2020<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20.5555%; height: 14px;\">The Coca-Cola Company<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4.99999%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">78<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">9757<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">Brazil<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 7.77777%; height: 14px;\">2020<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20.5555%; height: 14px;\">The Coca-Cola Company<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4.99999%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">2<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">1<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">63<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">9774<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">Bulgaria<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 7.77777%; height: 14px;\">2020<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20.5555%; height: 14px;\">The Coca-Cola Company<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4.99999%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">6<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">9788<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">Burkina Faso<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 7.77777%; height: 14px;\">2020<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20.5555%; height: 14px;\">The Coca-Cola Company<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4.99999%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">204<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">9830<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">Canada<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 7.77777%; height: 14px;\">2020<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20.5555%; height: 14px;\">The Coca-Cola Company<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4.99999%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">12<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">1<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">1<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">15<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">9943<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">Chile<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 7.77777%; height: 14px;\">2020<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 20.5555%; height: 14px;\">The Coca-Cola Company<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4.99999%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">2<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">119<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div align=\"center\">\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>2019<\/td>\r\n<td>2020<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Nestle<\/td>\r\n<td>Nestle<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>PepsiCo<\/td>\r\n<td>PepsiCo<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td>Unilever<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td>Mondelez International<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td>Mars, Incorporated<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Size<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Mean<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Standard Deviation<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Sample<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>125<\/td>\r\n<td>183.4 mg\/dl<\/td>\r\n<td>15<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Skill or Concept: I can . . .<\/td>\r\n<td>Questions to check your understanding<\/td>\r\n<td>Rating\r\nfrom 1 to 5<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Identify the null and alternative hypotheses for a one-sample test for means.<\/td>\r\n<td>1, 2<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Identify that you collect sample data after stating the null and alternative hypotheses.<\/td>\r\n<td>3, 4<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Identify that you check test assumptions after collecting sample data.<\/td>\r\n<td>5<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Identify that you summarize the data using a test statistic after checking test assumptions.<\/td>\r\n<td>6<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Identify that you calculate a P-value after calculating the test statistic.<\/td>\r\n<td>7<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Identify that you interpret the test results in context after calculating the P-value.<\/td>\r\n<td>8<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<dl>Glossary 12D<\/dl>\r\n<dl id=\"fs-id1170572229168\" class=\"definition\">\r\n \t<dt>independent samples<\/dt>\r\n \t<dd id=\"fs-id1170572229174\">samples where one is selected from one population and another is independently selected from the second population.<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n<dl id=\"fs-id1170572229190\" class=\"definition\">\r\n \t<dt>paired samples<\/dt>\r\n \t<dd id=\"fs-id1170572229195\">samples chosen in a way that results in the observations in one sample being paired with the observations in the other sample; also called\u00a0<strong>dependent samples<\/strong>.<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Group<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Group 1 (<em>Wikipedia<\/em>)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Group 2 (<em>WebMD<\/em>)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sample size<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sample mean reading ease score<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sample standard deviation<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Group<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Self-Monitor Group<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Fitness Tracker Group<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sample size<\/td>\n<td>170<\/td>\n<td>181<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sample mean weight loss<\/td>\n<td>5.9 kg<\/td>\n<td>3.5 kg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sample standard deviation<\/td>\n<td>3.5 kg<\/td>\n<td>6.3 kg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div style=\"margin: auto;\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Skill or Concept: I can . . .<\/td>\n<td>Questions to check your understanding<\/td>\n<td>Rating<br \/>\nfrom 1 to 5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Determine whether samples are independent or paired.<\/td>\n<td>1, 2<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Use information from independent samples to assess whether the assumptions\/conditions for the two-sample t confidence interval are reasonably met.<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1920\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/26123413\/Picture342-300x89.png\" alt=\"Text that says &quot;This is not hard to read (Arial font). This is hard to read (Mistral font).&quot;\" width=\"1247\" height=\"370\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1921\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/26123417\/Picture352-300x64.png\" alt=\"Some tables and a graph. On the left is a heading reading \u201cDescriptive Statistics.\u201d Beneath this is a table with four columns, labeled \u201cGroup,\u201d \u201cSample Size,\u201d \u201cMean,\u201d and \u201cStandard Deviation.\u201d The first row reads \u201cCell Phone\u201d for group, 32 for sample size, 585.2 for mean, and 89.6 for standard deviation. The next row reads \u201cNO Cell Phone\u201d for group, 32 for sample size, 533.6 for mean, and 65.4 for standard deviation. Beneath this table is another heading reading \u201cEstimate of Difference of Means,\u201d with columns \u201cPoint Estimate,\u201d \u201cStandard Error,\u201d and \u201cMargin of Error.\u201d For Point Estimate, it reads 51.6, for Standard Error, it reads 19.6, and for Margin of Error, it reads \u201cplus or minus 39.3.\u201d To the right is a graph labeled \u201cBoxplot.\u201d On the y-axis, it reads \u201cReaction Time (msec.).\u201d For \u201cCell Phone,\u201d the line begins at approximately 450 and extends to approximately 680, with the top of the box at approximately 610 and the bottom of the box at approximately 550. The middle line is at approximately 570. There is also a point at approximately 1000. For \u201cNo Cell Phone,\u201d the line begins at approximately 425 and extends to approximately 650, with the top of the box at approximately 580 and the bottom at approximately 490. The middle line is at approximately 550.\" width=\"797\" height=\"170\" \/><\/p>\n<div style=\"margin: auto;\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Variable<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Description<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>country<\/em><\/td>\n<td>Country of cleanup<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>year<\/em><\/td>\n<td>Year (2019 or 2020)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>parent_company<\/em><\/td>\n<td>Source of plastic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>empty<\/em><\/td>\n<td>Category left empty count<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>hdpe<\/em><\/td>\n<td>High-density polyethylene count (plastic milk containers, plastic bags, bottle caps, trash cans, oil cans, plastic lumber, toolboxes, supplement containers)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>Idpe<\/em><\/td>\n<td>Low-density polyethylene count (plastic bags, Ziploc bags, buckets, squeeze bottles, plastic tubes, chopping boards)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>other_count<\/em><\/td>\n<td>Category marked other count<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>pet<\/em><\/td>\n<td>Polyester plastic count (polyester fibers, soft drink bottles, food containers [also see plastic bottles])<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>pp<\/em><\/td>\n<td>Polypropylene count (flower pots, bumpers, car interior trim, industrial fibers, carry-out beverage cups, microwavable food containers, DVD cases)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>ps<\/em><\/td>\n<td>Polystyrene count (toys, video cassettes, ashtrays, trunks, beverage\/food coolers, beer cups, wine and champagne cups, carry-out food containers, styrofoam)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>pvc<\/em><\/td>\n<td>PVC plastic count (window frames, bottles for chemicals, flooring, plumbing pipes)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>grand_total<\/em><\/td>\n<td>Grand total count (all types of plastic)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>num_events<\/em><\/td>\n<td>Number of counting events<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>volunteers<\/em><\/td>\n<td>Number of volunteers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div style=\"margin: auto;\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Skill or Concept: I can . . .<\/td>\n<td>Questions to check your understanding<\/td>\n<td>Rating<br \/>\nfrom 1 to 5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Calculate the mean and standard deviation of a variable.<\/td>\n<td>1, 2<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Create a histogram.<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Describe the shape and spread of a histogram.<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Describe null and alternative hypotheses.<\/td>\n<td>5\u20138<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Identify the difference between a one-tailed and two-tailed hypothesis test.<\/td>\n<td>6, 7<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div id=\"attachment_1974\" style=\"width: 960px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1974\" class=\"wp-image-1974\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/26195359\/Picture382-300x72.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"950\" height=\"228\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-1974\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">NO ALT TEXT<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1972\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/26195350\/Picture36-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"A globe in the middle of a pile of garbage.\" width=\"1061\" height=\"707\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1973\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/26195354\/Picture372-300x285.png\" alt=\"A recycling symbol\" width=\"944\" height=\"897\" \/><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 99.9999%; height: 148px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 11px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 11px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 11px;\">A<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.77777%; height: 11px;\">B<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20.5555%; height: 11px;\">C<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 4.99999%; height: 11px;\">D<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 11px;\">E<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 11px;\">F<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 11px;\">G<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 11px;\">H<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 11px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 11px;\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 11px;\">country<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.77777%; height: 11px;\">year<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20.5555%; height: 11px;\">parent_company<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 4.99999%; height: 11px;\">empty<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 11px;\">hdpe<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 11px;\">ldpe<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 11px;\">other_count<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 11px;\">pet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">9502<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">Argentina<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.77777%; height: 14px;\">2020<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20.5555%; height: 14px;\">The Coca-Cola Company<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 4.99999%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">9588<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">Australia<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.77777%; height: 14px;\">2020<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20.5555%; height: 14px;\">The Coca-Cola Company<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 4.99999%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">17<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">37<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">9731<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">Bangladesh<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.77777%; height: 14px;\">2020<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20.5555%; height: 14px;\">The Coca-Cola Company<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 4.99999%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">66<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">9738<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">Benin<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.77777%; height: 14px;\">2020<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20.5555%; height: 14px;\">The Coca-Cola Company<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 4.99999%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">78<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">9757<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">Brazil<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.77777%; height: 14px;\">2020<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20.5555%; height: 14px;\">The Coca-Cola Company<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 4.99999%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">63<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">9774<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">Bulgaria<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.77777%; height: 14px;\">2020<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20.5555%; height: 14px;\">The Coca-Cola Company<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 4.99999%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">9788<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">Burkina Faso<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.77777%; height: 14px;\">2020<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20.5555%; height: 14px;\">The Coca-Cola Company<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 4.99999%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">204<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">9830<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">Canada<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.77777%; height: 14px;\">2020<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20.5555%; height: 14px;\">The Coca-Cola Company<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 4.99999%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">12<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 14px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">9943<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">Chile<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.77777%; height: 14px;\">2020<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20.5555%; height: 14px;\">The Coca-Cola Company<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 4.99999%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.1111%; height: 14px;\">119<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div style=\"margin: auto;\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>2019<\/td>\n<td>2020<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nestle<\/td>\n<td>Nestle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>PepsiCo<\/td>\n<td>PepsiCo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Unilever<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Mondelez International<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Mars, Incorporated<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><strong>Size<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Mean<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Standard Deviation<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Sample<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>125<\/td>\n<td>183.4 mg\/dl<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div style=\"text-align: left; margin: auto;\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Skill or Concept: I can . . .<\/td>\n<td>Questions to check your understanding<\/td>\n<td>Rating<br \/>\nfrom 1 to 5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Identify the null and alternative hypotheses for a one-sample test for means.<\/td>\n<td>1, 2<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Identify that you collect sample data after stating the null and alternative hypotheses.<\/td>\n<td>3, 4<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Identify that you check test assumptions after collecting sample data.<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Identify that you summarize the data using a test statistic after checking test assumptions.<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Identify that you calculate a P-value after calculating the test statistic.<\/td>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Identify that you interpret the test results in context after calculating the P-value.<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<dl> <\/dl>\n<dl id=\"fs-id1170572229168\" class=\"definition\">\n<dt>independent samples<\/dt>\n<dd id=\"fs-id1170572229174\">samples where one is selected from one population and another is independently selected from the second population.<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl id=\"fs-id1170572229190\" class=\"definition\">\n<dt>paired samples<\/dt>\n<dd id=\"fs-id1170572229195\">samples chosen in a way that results in the observations in one sample being paired with the observations in the other sample; also called\u00a0<strong>dependent samples<\/strong>.<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":23592,"menu_order":43,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-1919","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":704,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1919","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23592"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1919\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2973,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1919\/revisions\/2973"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/704"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1919\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1919"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1919"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1919"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1919"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}