{"id":1986,"date":"2022-01-26T20:21:59","date_gmt":"2022-01-26T20:21:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/?post_type=chapter&p=1986"},"modified":"2022-02-09T01:21:50","modified_gmt":"2022-02-09T01:21:50","slug":"13d","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/chapter\/13d\/","title":{"raw":"13D","rendered":"13D"},"content":{"raw":"
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
 \r\n\r\nParticipant<\/td>\r\nNumber of Colony-forming Units (CFU) before Sanitizer<\/td>\r\nNumber of Colony-forming Units (CFU) after Sanitizer<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
1<\/td>\r\n11.8<\/td>\r\n12.1<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
2<\/td>\r\n10.8<\/td>\r\n12.0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
3<\/td>\r\n9.1<\/td>\r\n3.8<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
4<\/td>\r\n14.6<\/td>\r\n10.1<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
5<\/td>\r\n8.2<\/td>\r\n6.3<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
6<\/td>\r\n14.1<\/td>\r\n11.1<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
7<\/td>\r\n13.0<\/td>\r\n7.2<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
8<\/td>\r\n14.0<\/td>\r\n13.7<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
 \r\n\r\nParticipant<\/td>\r\nNumber of Colony-forming Units (CFU) before Sanitizer<\/td>\r\nNumber of Colony-forming Units (CFU) after Sanitizer<\/td>\r\n \r\n\r\nDifference\r\n\r\n <\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
1<\/td>\r\n11.8<\/td>\r\n12.1<\/td>\r\n0.3<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
2<\/td>\r\n10.8<\/td>\r\n12.0<\/td>\r\n1.2<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
3<\/td>\r\n9.1<\/td>\r\n3.8<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
4<\/td>\r\n14.6<\/td>\r\n10.1<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
5<\/td>\r\n8.2<\/td>\r\n6.3<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
6<\/td>\r\n14.1<\/td>\r\n11.1<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
7<\/td>\r\n13.0<\/td>\r\n7.2<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
8<\/td>\r\n14.0<\/td>\r\n13.7<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Participant<\/strong><\/td>\r\nReaction Time (in milliseconds)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Cell Phone Use = Yes<\/strong><\/td>\r\nCell Phone Use = No<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
1<\/td>\r\n636<\/td>\r\n604<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
2<\/td>\r\n623<\/td>\r\n556<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
3<\/td>\r\n615<\/td>\r\n540<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
4<\/td>\r\n672<\/td>\r\n522<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
5<\/td>\r\n601<\/td>\r\n459<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
6<\/td>\r\n600<\/td>\r\n544<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
7<\/td>\r\n542<\/td>\r\n513<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
8<\/td>\r\n554<\/td>\r\n470<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
9<\/td>\r\n543<\/td>\r\n556<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
10<\/td>\r\n520<\/td>\r\n531<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Participant<\/strong><\/td>\r\nReaction Time (in Milliseconds)<\/strong><\/td>\r\nDifference<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Cell Phone Use = Yes<\/strong><\/td>\r\nCell Phone Use = No<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
1<\/td>\r\n636<\/td>\r\n604<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
2<\/td>\r\n623<\/td>\r\n556<\/td>\r\n67<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
3<\/td>\r\n615<\/td>\r\n540<\/td>\r\n75<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
4<\/td>\r\n672<\/td>\r\n522<\/td>\r\n150<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
5<\/td>\r\n601<\/td>\r\n459<\/td>\r\n142<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
6<\/td>\r\n600<\/td>\r\n544<\/td>\r\n56<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
7<\/td>\r\n542<\/td>\r\n513<\/td>\r\n29<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
8<\/td>\r\n554<\/td>\r\n470<\/td>\r\n84<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
9<\/td>\r\n543<\/td>\r\n556<\/td>\r\n-13<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
10<\/td>\r\n520<\/td>\r\n531<\/td>\r\n11<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
11<\/td>\r\n609<\/td>\r\n599<\/td>\r\n10<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
12<\/td>\r\n559<\/td>\r\n537<\/td>\r\n22<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
13<\/td>\r\n595<\/td>\r\n619<\/td>\r\n24<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
14<\/td>\r\n565<\/td>\r\n536<\/td>\r\n29<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
15<\/td>\r\n573<\/td>\r\n554<\/td>\r\n19<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
16<\/td>\r\n554<\/td>\r\n467<\/td>\r\n87<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
17<\/td>\r\n626<\/td>\r\n525<\/td>\r\n101<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
18<\/td>\r\n501<\/td>\r\n508<\/td>\r\n7<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
19<\/td>\r\n574<\/td>\r\n529<\/td>\r\n45<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
20<\/td>\r\n468<\/td>\r\n470<\/td>\r\n2<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
21<\/td>\r\n578<\/td>\r\n512<\/td>\r\n66<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
22<\/td>\r\n560<\/td>\r\n487<\/td>\r\n73<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
23<\/td>\r\n525<\/td>\r\n515<\/td>\r\n10<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
24<\/td>\r\n647<\/td>\r\n499<\/td>\r\n148<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
25<\/td>\r\n456<\/td>\r\n448<\/td>\r\n8<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
26<\/td>\r\n688<\/td>\r\n558<\/td>\r\n130<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
27<\/td>\r\n679<\/td>\r\n589<\/td>\r\n90<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
28<\/td>\r\n960<\/td>\r\n814<\/td>\r\n146<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
29<\/td>\r\n558<\/td>\r\n519<\/td>\r\n39<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
30<\/td>\r\n482<\/td>\r\n462<\/td>\r\n20<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
31<\/td>\r\n527<\/td>\r\n521<\/td>\r\n6<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
32<\/td>\r\n536<\/td>\r\n543<\/td>\r\n7<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
<\/td>\r\nHypothesis<\/strong><\/td>\r\nNotation<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Null<\/strong><\/td>\r\nThere is no difference between the mean reaction times while using a cell phone and while not using a cell phone.<\/td>\r\n \r\n\r\n <\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Alternative<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n \r\n\r\n <\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Station<\/strong><\/td>\r\nAverage Temp 1951\u20132000<\/strong><\/td>\r\nAverage Temp <\/strong>\r\n\r\n1901\u20131950<\/strong><\/td>\r\nDifference<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Sable Island<\/strong><\/td>\r\n7.420<\/td>\r\n6.803<\/td>\r\n0.617<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Manila Int Airport<\/strong><\/td>\r\n27.416<\/td>\r\n26.779<\/td>\r\n0.637<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Perm<\/strong><\/td>\r\n2.208<\/td>\r\n1.670<\/td>\r\n0.538<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Hobart Ellerslie<\/strong><\/td>\r\n13.062<\/td>\r\n12.549<\/td>\r\n0.513<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Bulawayo Goetz<\/strong><\/td>\r\n19.183<\/td>\r\n18.891<\/td>\r\n0.292<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Veraval<\/strong><\/td>\r\n26.779<\/td>\r\n26.404<\/td>\r\n0.375<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Yokohama<\/strong><\/td>\r\n15.428<\/td>\r\n14.534<\/td>\r\n0.894<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Punta Arenas<\/strong><\/td>\r\n6.752<\/td>\r\n6.828<\/td>\r\n\u20130.077<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Aldergrove<\/strong><\/td>\r\n9.012<\/td>\r\n8.888<\/td>\r\n0.124<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Harare Kutsaga<\/strong><\/td>\r\n19.055<\/td>\r\n18.816<\/td>\r\n0.239<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Bahia Blanca Aero<\/strong><\/td>\r\n15.204<\/td>\r\n14.963<\/td>\r\n0.241<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Cape Leeuwin<\/strong><\/td>\r\n16.983<\/td>\r\n16.608<\/td>\r\n0.375<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Maliye Karmakuly<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\u20135.044<\/td>\r\n\u20135.036<\/td>\r\n\u20130.008<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Hobarttasmanwas<\/strong><\/td>\r\n12.638<\/td>\r\n12.439<\/td>\r\n0.199<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Svyatoy Nos Cape<\/strong><\/td>\r\n0.263<\/td>\r\n\u20130.263<\/td>\r\n0.527<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Apia<\/strong><\/td>\r\n26.479<\/td>\r\n26.380<\/td>\r\n0.099<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Aparri<\/strong><\/td>\r\n26.091<\/td>\r\n25.288<\/td>\r\n0.803<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Syktyvkar<\/strong><\/td>\r\n0.894<\/td>\r\n0.435<\/td>\r\n0.460<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Upernavik<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\u20137.286<\/td>\r\n\u20137.012<\/td>\r\n\u20130.274<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Gabo Island<\/strong><\/td>\r\n14.924<\/td>\r\n14.925<\/td>\r\n\u20130.001<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Antananarivoville<\/strong><\/td>\r\n17.741<\/td>\r\n17.387<\/td>\r\n0.354<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Kumasi<\/strong><\/td>\r\n25.854<\/td>\r\n25.652<\/td>\r\n0.202<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Khartoum<\/strong><\/td>\r\n28.874<\/td>\r\n28.535<\/td>\r\n0.339<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Mahe Seychellesbri<\/strong><\/td>\r\n26.872<\/td>\r\n26.414<\/td>\r\n0.459<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Onslow<\/strong><\/td>\r\n24.540<\/td>\r\n24.154<\/td>\r\n0.387<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Rarotonga Intl<\/strong><\/td>\r\n24.157<\/td>\r\n24.105<\/td>\r\n0.052<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Ponta Delgada<\/strong><\/td>\r\n15.676<\/td>\r\n14.942<\/td>\r\n0.734<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Viljujsk<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\u20139.057<\/td>\r\n\u20138.854<\/td>\r\n\u20130.203<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Andenes<\/strong><\/td>\r\n3.160<\/td>\r\n2.600<\/td>\r\n0.560<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Kyzylorda<\/strong><\/td>\r\n10.411<\/td>\r\n9.631<\/td>\r\n0.780<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Port Blair<\/strong><\/td>\r\n26.778<\/td>\r\n26.506<\/td>\r\n0.271<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Chatham Islands<\/strong><\/td>\r\n11.132<\/td>\r\n10.392<\/td>\r\n0.739<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Patient<\/strong><\/td>\r\nBefore<\/strong><\/td>\r\nAfter<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
1<\/td>\r\n150<\/td>\r\n146<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
2<\/td>\r\n160<\/td>\r\n159<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
3<\/td>\r\n200<\/td>\r\n200<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
4<\/td>\r\n178<\/td>\r\n174<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
5<\/td>\r\n190<\/td>\r\n189<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
6<\/td>\r\n167<\/td>\r\n160<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
7<\/td>\r\n151<\/td>\r\n148<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
8<\/td>\r\n210<\/td>\r\n198<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Mean (<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Patient<\/strong><\/td>\r\nBefore<\/strong><\/td>\r\nAfter<\/strong><\/td>\r\nDifference <\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
1<\/td>\r\n150<\/td>\r\n146<\/td>\r\n146\u2013150 \u00a04<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
2<\/td>\r\n160<\/td>\r\n159<\/td>\r\n\u00ad\u00ad\u00ad159\u2013160 1<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
3<\/td>\r\n200<\/td>\r\n200<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
4<\/td>\r\n178<\/td>\r\n174<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
5<\/td>\r\n190<\/td>\r\n189<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
6<\/td>\r\n167<\/td>\r\n160<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
7<\/td>\r\n151<\/td>\r\n148<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
8<\/td>\r\n210<\/td>\r\n198<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Mean (<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Null Hypothesis for<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIndependent Samples<\/strong><\/td>\r\nNull Hypothesis for<\/strong>\r\n\r\nDependent Samples<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Alternative Hypothesis<\/strong>\r\n\r\nfor Independent Samples<\/strong><\/td>\r\nAlternative Hypothesis<\/strong>\r\n\r\nfor Dependent Samples<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Summary Statistics<\/strong><\/td>\r\nNotation<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Population Mean of Difference<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Sample Mean of Difference<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Population Standard Deviation of Difference<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Sample Standard Deviation of Difference<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Skill or Concept: I can . . .<\/td>\r\nQuestions to check your understanding<\/td>\r\nRating\r\nfrom 1 to 5<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Identify the differences between independent and dependent samples.<\/td>\r\n1\u20137<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Calculate the mean of a difference.<\/td>\r\n8\u20139<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\"A \"A\r\n\r\nGlossary\r\n
\r\n \t
dependent sample<\/dt>\r\n \t
a sample where the same variable is recorded for each sample, and there is a logical way to pair the observations from one sample with the observations in the other sample.<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
independent sample<\/dt>\r\n \t
a sample where samples are independently selected, the same variable is measured for both samples, but there is no logical way to pair an observation from one sample with a particular observation from the other sample.<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
paired t-test<\/dt>\r\n \t
a test comparing the mean of the differences, \ud835\udf07\ud835\udc51,to a hypothesized value, which is often 0, also called a dependent t-test.<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
 <\/p>\n

Participant<\/td>\n

Number of Colony-forming Units (CFU) before Sanitizer<\/td>\nNumber of Colony-forming Units (CFU) after Sanitizer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\n11.8<\/td>\n12.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\n10.8<\/td>\n12.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\n9.1<\/td>\n3.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\n14.6<\/td>\n10.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\n8.2<\/td>\n6.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\n14.1<\/td>\n11.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\n13.0<\/td>\n7.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/td>\n14.0<\/td>\n13.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
 <\/p>\n

Participant<\/td>\n

Number of Colony-forming Units (CFU) before Sanitizer<\/td>\nNumber of Colony-forming Units (CFU) after Sanitizer<\/td>\n <\/p>\n

Difference<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

1<\/td>\n11.8<\/td>\n12.1<\/td>\n0.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\n10.8<\/td>\n12.0<\/td>\n1.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\n9.1<\/td>\n3.8<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\n14.6<\/td>\n10.1<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\n8.2<\/td>\n6.3<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\n14.1<\/td>\n11.1<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\n13.0<\/td>\n7.2<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/td>\n14.0<\/td>\n13.7<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
<\/div>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Participant<\/strong><\/td>\nReaction Time (in milliseconds)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cell Phone Use = Yes<\/strong><\/td>\nCell Phone Use = No<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\n636<\/td>\n604<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\n623<\/td>\n556<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\n615<\/td>\n540<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\n672<\/td>\n522<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\n601<\/td>\n459<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\n600<\/td>\n544<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\n542<\/td>\n513<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/td>\n554<\/td>\n470<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\n543<\/td>\n556<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\n520<\/td>\n531<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Participant<\/strong><\/td>\nReaction Time (in Milliseconds)<\/strong><\/td>\nDifference<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cell Phone Use = Yes<\/strong><\/td>\nCell Phone Use = No<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\n636<\/td>\n604<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\n623<\/td>\n556<\/td>\n67<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\n615<\/td>\n540<\/td>\n75<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\n672<\/td>\n522<\/td>\n150<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\n601<\/td>\n459<\/td>\n142<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\n600<\/td>\n544<\/td>\n56<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\n542<\/td>\n513<\/td>\n29<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/td>\n554<\/td>\n470<\/td>\n84<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\n543<\/td>\n556<\/td>\n-13<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\n520<\/td>\n531<\/td>\n11<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\n609<\/td>\n599<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12<\/td>\n559<\/td>\n537<\/td>\n22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13<\/td>\n595<\/td>\n619<\/td>\n24<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14<\/td>\n565<\/td>\n536<\/td>\n29<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15<\/td>\n573<\/td>\n554<\/td>\n19<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\n554<\/td>\n467<\/td>\n87<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17<\/td>\n626<\/td>\n525<\/td>\n101<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18<\/td>\n501<\/td>\n508<\/td>\n7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\n574<\/td>\n529<\/td>\n45<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\n468<\/td>\n470<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\n578<\/td>\n512<\/td>\n66<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\n560<\/td>\n487<\/td>\n73<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23<\/td>\n525<\/td>\n515<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\n647<\/td>\n499<\/td>\n148<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\n456<\/td>\n448<\/td>\n8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
26<\/td>\n688<\/td>\n558<\/td>\n130<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
27<\/td>\n679<\/td>\n589<\/td>\n90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\n960<\/td>\n814<\/td>\n146<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29<\/td>\n558<\/td>\n519<\/td>\n39<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/td>\n482<\/td>\n462<\/td>\n20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
31<\/td>\n527<\/td>\n521<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32<\/td>\n536<\/td>\n543<\/td>\n7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\nHypothesis<\/strong><\/td>\nNotation<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Null<\/strong><\/td>\nThere is no difference between the mean reaction times while using a cell phone and while not using a cell phone.<\/td>\n <\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Alternative<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n <\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Station<\/strong><\/td>\nAverage Temp 1951\u20132000<\/strong><\/td>\nAverage Temp <\/strong><\/p>\n

1901\u20131950<\/strong><\/td>\n

Difference<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sable Island<\/strong><\/td>\n7.420<\/td>\n6.803<\/td>\n0.617<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manila Int Airport<\/strong><\/td>\n27.416<\/td>\n26.779<\/td>\n0.637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Perm<\/strong><\/td>\n2.208<\/td>\n1.670<\/td>\n0.538<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hobart Ellerslie<\/strong><\/td>\n13.062<\/td>\n12.549<\/td>\n0.513<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bulawayo Goetz<\/strong><\/td>\n19.183<\/td>\n18.891<\/td>\n0.292<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Veraval<\/strong><\/td>\n26.779<\/td>\n26.404<\/td>\n0.375<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yokohama<\/strong><\/td>\n15.428<\/td>\n14.534<\/td>\n0.894<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Punta Arenas<\/strong><\/td>\n6.752<\/td>\n6.828<\/td>\n\u20130.077<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Aldergrove<\/strong><\/td>\n9.012<\/td>\n8.888<\/td>\n0.124<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Harare Kutsaga<\/strong><\/td>\n19.055<\/td>\n18.816<\/td>\n0.239<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bahia Blanca Aero<\/strong><\/td>\n15.204<\/td>\n14.963<\/td>\n0.241<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cape Leeuwin<\/strong><\/td>\n16.983<\/td>\n16.608<\/td>\n0.375<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Maliye Karmakuly<\/strong><\/td>\n\u20135.044<\/td>\n\u20135.036<\/td>\n\u20130.008<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hobarttasmanwas<\/strong><\/td>\n12.638<\/td>\n12.439<\/td>\n0.199<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Svyatoy Nos Cape<\/strong><\/td>\n0.263<\/td>\n\u20130.263<\/td>\n0.527<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Apia<\/strong><\/td>\n26.479<\/td>\n26.380<\/td>\n0.099<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Aparri<\/strong><\/td>\n26.091<\/td>\n25.288<\/td>\n0.803<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Syktyvkar<\/strong><\/td>\n0.894<\/td>\n0.435<\/td>\n0.460<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Upernavik<\/strong><\/td>\n\u20137.286<\/td>\n\u20137.012<\/td>\n\u20130.274<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gabo Island<\/strong><\/td>\n14.924<\/td>\n14.925<\/td>\n\u20130.001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Antananarivoville<\/strong><\/td>\n17.741<\/td>\n17.387<\/td>\n0.354<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kumasi<\/strong><\/td>\n25.854<\/td>\n25.652<\/td>\n0.202<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Khartoum<\/strong><\/td>\n28.874<\/td>\n28.535<\/td>\n0.339<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mahe Seychellesbri<\/strong><\/td>\n26.872<\/td>\n26.414<\/td>\n0.459<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Onslow<\/strong><\/td>\n24.540<\/td>\n24.154<\/td>\n0.387<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rarotonga Intl<\/strong><\/td>\n24.157<\/td>\n24.105<\/td>\n0.052<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ponta Delgada<\/strong><\/td>\n15.676<\/td>\n14.942<\/td>\n0.734<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Viljujsk<\/strong><\/td>\n\u20139.057<\/td>\n\u20138.854<\/td>\n\u20130.203<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Andenes<\/strong><\/td>\n3.160<\/td>\n2.600<\/td>\n0.560<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kyzylorda<\/strong><\/td>\n10.411<\/td>\n9.631<\/td>\n0.780<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Port Blair<\/strong><\/td>\n26.778<\/td>\n26.506<\/td>\n0.271<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chatham Islands<\/strong><\/td>\n11.132<\/td>\n10.392<\/td>\n0.739<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Patient<\/strong><\/td>\nBefore<\/strong><\/td>\nAfter<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\n150<\/td>\n146<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\n160<\/td>\n159<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\n200<\/td>\n200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\n178<\/td>\n174<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\n190<\/td>\n189<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\n167<\/td>\n160<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\n151<\/td>\n148<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/td>\n210<\/td>\n198<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mean (<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Patient<\/strong><\/td>\nBefore<\/strong><\/td>\nAfter<\/strong><\/td>\nDifference <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\n150<\/td>\n146<\/td>\n146\u2013150 \u00a04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\n160<\/td>\n159<\/td>\n\u00ad\u00ad\u00ad159\u2013160 1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\n200<\/td>\n200<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\n178<\/td>\n174<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\n190<\/td>\n189<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\n167<\/td>\n160<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\n151<\/td>\n148<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/td>\n210<\/td>\n198<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mean (<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n\n\n\n\n
Null Hypothesis for<\/strong><\/p>\n

Independent Samples<\/strong><\/td>\n

Null Hypothesis for<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dependent Samples<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Alternative Hypothesis<\/strong><\/p>\n

for Independent Samples<\/strong><\/td>\n

Alternative Hypothesis<\/strong><\/p>\n

for Dependent Samples<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Summary Statistics<\/strong><\/td>\nNotation<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Population Mean of Difference<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sample Mean of Difference<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Population Standard Deviation of Difference<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sample Standard Deviation of Difference<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n
Skill or Concept: I can . . .<\/td>\nQuestions to check your understanding<\/td>\nRating
\nfrom 1 to 5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Identify the differences between independent and dependent samples.<\/td>\n1\u20137<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Calculate the mean of a difference.<\/td>\n8\u20139<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\"A \"A<\/p>\n

Glossary<\/p>\n

\n
dependent sample<\/dt>\n
a sample where the same variable is recorded for each sample, and there is a logical way to pair the observations from one sample with the observations in the other sample.<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
independent sample<\/dt>\n
a sample where samples are independently selected, the same variable is measured for both samples, but there is no logical way to pair an observation from one sample with a particular observation from the other sample.<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
paired t-test<\/dt>\n
a test comparing the mean of the differences, \ud835\udf07\ud835\udc51,to a hypothesized value, which is often 0, also called a dependent t-test.<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":23592,"menu_order":45,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-1986","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":704,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1986","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23592"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1986\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2975,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1986\/revisions\/2975"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/704"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1986\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1986"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1986"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1986"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1986"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}