{"id":3501,"date":"2022-03-02T15:49:07","date_gmt":"2022-03-02T15:49:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=3501"},"modified":"2022-04-08T07:52:20","modified_gmt":"2022-04-08T07:52:20","slug":"corequisite-support-activity-for-2b","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/chapter\/corequisite-support-activity-for-2b\/","title":{"raw":"Corequisite Support Activity for 2B: Sampling Bias","rendered":"Corequisite Support Activity for 2B: Sampling Bias"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>What you'll need to know:<\/h3>\r\nIn this support activity you\u2019ll become familiar with the following:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Apply a statistical definition to the word\u00a0<em>random<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Distinguish between a sample and a population.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Distinguish between a statistic and a parameter.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\nIn the next preview assignment and in the next class, you will need to identify the difference between a sample and a population, as well as understand why a random sample is needed to make inferences about a population. Prepare for that in this corequisite support activity by exploring uses of the word\u00a0<em>random<\/em> and practicing using the terms sample and population, and statistic and parameter.\r\n<h3>The Word Random<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Question 1<\/h3>\r\nChoose the best meaning for random in this sentence:\r\n\r\n\u201cSometimes I say random things to my friend.\u201d\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>a) Haphazard, weird, out of the ordinary<\/li>\r\n \t<li>b) Without order or pattern<\/li>\r\n \t<li>c) Without prior knowledge, criteria, or method<\/li>\r\n \t<li>d) By chance<\/li>\r\n \t<li>e) Without bias<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"470260\"]Hint[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"470260\"]How do <em>you<\/em> use the word random conversationally?[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Question 2<\/h3>\r\nDiscuss the best meaning for random in the following sentence.\u00a0How is the meaning different than in Question 1?\r\n\r\n\u201cA group of participants was selected using a simple random sample for the survey.\u201d\r\n\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"137477\"]Hint[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"137477\"]What do <em>you<\/em> think? [\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nThe use of the word random in everyday language might be like saying:\r\n\r\n\u201dI saw a random person with a cat on his head in New York.\u201d\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/12001937\/Picture74-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of a man standing on a sidewalk with a cat sitting on his head.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/>\r\n\r\nThe word random in statistics is used to describe things like objects pulled from a hat\u2014every object has an equal chance of being selected.\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1092\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/12001942\/Picture75-300x203.jpg\" alt=\"An upside down top hat\" width=\"297\" height=\"201\" \/>\r\nLet's try to discern the uses of the word <em>random<\/em> one more time. This time, you come up with a sentence that uses\u00a0<em>random<\/em> in a non-statistical and a statistical way.\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Question 3<\/h3>\r\n3) What is an everyday use of the word <em>random<\/em>? What image can you think of?\r\n\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"675506\"]Hint[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"675506\"]What do <em>you<\/em> think?[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>question 4<\/h3>\r\n4) What is another way to think about the use of the word <em>random<\/em> in statistics? What image can you can think of?\r\n\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"836037\"]Hint[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"836037\"]What do <em>you<\/em> think?[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3>Distinguish between sample\/population and statistic\/parameter<\/h3>\r\nIn <em>What to Know\u00a0[2A]<\/em>, you learned about populations and samples. You saw that one primary use of statistics is to make inferences about a <strong>population<\/strong> based on data collected on a <strong>sample<\/strong> from that population. The <strong>population<\/strong> is the group of individuals or entities that our research question pertains to (e.g., all Americans), and a <strong>parameter<\/strong> is a numerical summary measure that summarizes that population (e.g., the proportion who use social media). A <strong>sample<\/strong> is a group of individuals or entities on which we collect data, and a <strong>statistic<\/strong> is a numerical summary measure of a sample.\r\n\r\nLet's practice distinguishing between sample and population, statistic and parameter. Use the following scenario to answer Questions 5 - 8.\r\n\r\n<em>A survey is administered to undergraduate students at college in Nebraska about their attitudes on the new learning management system used in all courses. Of the 40,322 students enrolled at the college, a random sample of 2,500 students were surveyed.<\/em>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>question 5<\/h3>\r\n5) What is the population in the given scenario?\r\n\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"241427\"]Hint[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"241427\"]See the text above for guidance.[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>question 6<\/h3>\r\n6) What is the sample in the given scenario?\r\n\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"203729\"]Hint[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"203729\"]See the text above for guidance.[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>question 7<\/h3>\r\n7) What would be an example of a parameter in this context?\r\n\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"350365\"]Hint[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"350365\"]See the text above for guidance.[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>question 8<\/h3>\r\n8) What would be an example of a statistic in this context?\r\n\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"542303\"]Hint[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"542303\"]See the text above for guidance.[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nIn this corequisite support activity, you've learned the statistical definition of\u00a0<em>random<\/em>, and learned to distinguish between\u00a0a sample and population and between a statistic (of the sample) and a parameter (of the population). Let's move on to the course section and activity to practice using these terms!","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>What you&#8217;ll need to know:<\/h3>\n<p>In this support activity you\u2019ll become familiar with the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Apply a statistical definition to the word\u00a0<em>random<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Distinguish between a sample and a population.<\/li>\n<li>Distinguish between a statistic and a parameter.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>In the next preview assignment and in the next class, you will need to identify the difference between a sample and a population, as well as understand why a random sample is needed to make inferences about a population. Prepare for that in this corequisite support activity by exploring uses of the word\u00a0<em>random<\/em> and practicing using the terms sample and population, and statistic and parameter.<\/p>\n<h3>The Word Random<\/h3>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Question 1<\/h3>\n<p>Choose the best meaning for random in this sentence:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSometimes I say random things to my friend.\u201d<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>a) Haphazard, weird, out of the ordinary<\/li>\n<li>b) Without order or pattern<\/li>\n<li>c) Without prior knowledge, criteria, or method<\/li>\n<li>d) By chance<\/li>\n<li>e) Without bias<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q470260\">Hint<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q470260\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">How do <em>you<\/em> use the word random conversationally?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Question 2<\/h3>\n<p>Discuss the best meaning for random in the following sentence.\u00a0How is the meaning different than in Question 1?<\/p>\n<p>\u201cA group of participants was selected using a simple random sample for the survey.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q137477\">Hint<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q137477\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">What do <em>you<\/em> think? <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>The use of the word random in everyday language might be like saying:<\/p>\n<p>\u201dI saw a random person with a cat on his head in New York.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/12001937\/Picture74-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of a man standing on a sidewalk with a cat sitting on his head.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The word random in statistics is used to describe things like objects pulled from a hat\u2014every object has an equal chance of being selected.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1092\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/12001942\/Picture75-300x203.jpg\" alt=\"An upside down top hat\" width=\"297\" height=\"201\" \/><br \/>\nLet&#8217;s try to discern the uses of the word <em>random<\/em> one more time. This time, you come up with a sentence that uses\u00a0<em>random<\/em> in a non-statistical and a statistical way.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Question 3<\/h3>\n<p>3) What is an everyday use of the word <em>random<\/em>? What image can you think of?<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q675506\">Hint<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q675506\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">What do <em>you<\/em> think?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>question 4<\/h3>\n<p>4) What is another way to think about the use of the word <em>random<\/em> in statistics? What image can you can think of?<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q836037\">Hint<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q836037\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">What do <em>you<\/em> think?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Distinguish between sample\/population and statistic\/parameter<\/h3>\n<p>In <em>What to Know\u00a0[2A]<\/em>, you learned about populations and samples. You saw that one primary use of statistics is to make inferences about a <strong>population<\/strong> based on data collected on a <strong>sample<\/strong> from that population. The <strong>population<\/strong> is the group of individuals or entities that our research question pertains to (e.g., all Americans), and a <strong>parameter<\/strong> is a numerical summary measure that summarizes that population (e.g., the proportion who use social media). A <strong>sample<\/strong> is a group of individuals or entities on which we collect data, and a <strong>statistic<\/strong> is a numerical summary measure of a sample.<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s practice distinguishing between sample and population, statistic and parameter. Use the following scenario to answer Questions 5 &#8211; 8.<\/p>\n<p><em>A survey is administered to undergraduate students at college in Nebraska about their attitudes on the new learning management system used in all courses. Of the 40,322 students enrolled at the college, a random sample of 2,500 students were surveyed.<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>question 5<\/h3>\n<p>5) What is the population in the given scenario?<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q241427\">Hint<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q241427\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">See the text above for guidance.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>question 6<\/h3>\n<p>6) What is the sample in the given scenario?<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q203729\">Hint<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q203729\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">See the text above for guidance.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>question 7<\/h3>\n<p>7) What would be an example of a parameter in this context?<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q350365\">Hint<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q350365\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">See the text above for guidance.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>question 8<\/h3>\n<p>8) What would be an example of a statistic in this context?<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q542303\">Hint<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q542303\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">See the text above for guidance.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>In this corequisite support activity, you&#8217;ve learned the statistical definition of\u00a0<em>random<\/em>, and learned to distinguish between\u00a0a sample and population and between a statistic (of the sample) and a parameter (of the population). Let&#8217;s move on to the course section and activity to practice using these terms!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":493460,"menu_order":40,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-3501","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":3418,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3501","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/493460"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3501\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4312,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3501\/revisions\/4312"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3418"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3501\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3501"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=3501"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=3501"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=3501"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}