{"id":3818,"date":"2022-03-15T22:59:45","date_gmt":"2022-03-15T22:59:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=3818"},"modified":"2022-04-28T14:08:45","modified_gmt":"2022-04-28T14:08:45","slug":"corequisite-support-activity-5-b","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/chapter\/corequisite-support-activity-5-b\/","title":{"raw":"Corequisite Support Activity for 5.B: Reading and Interpreting Complex Graphical Displays","rendered":"Corequisite Support Activity for 5.B: Reading and Interpreting Complex Graphical Displays"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>What you'll need to know<\/h3>\r\nIn this support activity you\u2019ll become familiar with the following:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Recognize the types of variables appropriate for heat maps.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nYou will also have an opportunity to refresh the following skills:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Calculate a change in percentage<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Calculate relative frequency<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\nIn the next preview assignment and in the next class, you will need to identify and interpret the color scale of a heat map and recognize an accurate interpretation of the statistics used in a heat map. We'll use this support activity to preview the terminology and components of heat maps and to make sure you are feeling comfortable with relative frequencies and percentages.\r\n<h2>Heat Maps<\/h2>\r\nA heat map is a specific type of complex graphical display where data values or summary statistics calculated from values in the dataset are grouped into different colors along a scale. The visual representation of the heat map is often displayed as a map either of a specific country or the entire world.\r\n\r\n<img class=\"wp-image-1149 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/12022200\/Picture93-300x145.jpg\" alt=\"A world map made up of dots varying in color. They are orange near the equator and blue near the poles.\" width=\"541\" height=\"261\" \/>\r\n<h3>Variables<\/h3>\r\nIn this Corequisite Support Activity, you'll learn about the types of variables usually presented in a heat map and how those variables are categorized for use in this visual display. Earlier in the course you learned that some graphical displays are well-suited for categorical variables and others for\u00a0quantitative variables. A heatmap is similarly better suited for one of these, too.\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>example<\/h3>\r\nConsider the heatmap that appears in the text above. What variable do you think the colors might represent? Do you think that variable would be quantitative or categorical?\r\n\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"83580\"]Click here to redisplay the image if needed.\u00a0\u00a0[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"83580\"]\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1149 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/12022200\/Picture93-300x145.jpg\" alt=\"A world map made up of dots varying in color. They are orange near the equator and blue near the poles.\" width=\"300\" height=\"145\" \/>\r\n\r\n[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\nTo help you answer those questions, imagine that the heatmap includes a key letting you know value ranges for the shades of blue, orange, and red shown in the map.\r\n\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"675406\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"675406\"]Your answers will vary, but one possibility is that the colors represent average annual temperature, with blue cooler than red.\r\n\r\nSince temperature is a quantitative variable, with over a hundred possible discrete values for average land temperatures on Earth, it is likely that temperature ranges have been assigned to each of the five or six colors on the map.\r\n\r\nWould that make the variable in the map quantitative or categorical? The answers to Questions 1 and 2 below will give you a way to think about this.[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nWork in pairs to answer Question 1 - 4 to understand how variables (and what type of variables) are presented in a heat map.\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Question 1<\/h3>\r\nIf we take a quantitative variable and group that variable into different categories to create a new variable in our dataset, what type of variable is the new variable (e.g., if the temperature is &gt;71\u02da, then \u201cHot\u201d)?\r\n\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"406729\"]Hint[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"406729\"]Remember that quantitative variables take on numerical values while categorical variables sort information into categories.[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Question 2<\/h3>\r\nIn the table below, we have average temperatures (in degrees Celsius) for four U.S. cities during the four seasons of the year (Winter, Spring, Summer, and Autumn).[footnote]National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Environmental Information. (2021). Climate at a Glance. https:\/\/www.ncdc.noaa.gov\/cag\/city\/time- series\/USH00305801\/tavg\/12\/1\/1895-2021?base_prd=true&amp;begbaseyear=1901&amp;endbaseyear=2000[\/footnote]\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Winter<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Spring<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Summer<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Autumn<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>New York<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>39\u02da<\/td>\r\n<td>64\u02da<\/td>\r\n<td>84\u02da<\/td>\r\n<td>55\u02da<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Los Angeles<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>68\u02da<\/td>\r\n<td>73\u02da<\/td>\r\n<td>83\u02da<\/td>\r\n<td>79\u02da<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Chicago<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>25\u02da<\/td>\r\n<td>56 \u02da<\/td>\r\n<td>75\u02da<\/td>\r\n<td>50\u02da<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Houston<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>60\u02da<\/td>\r\n<td>76\u02da<\/td>\r\n<td>91\u02da<\/td>\r\n<td>75\u02da<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nOne way we can compare these average temperatures is to create groups with a certain range of temperatures for each group. Let us use the following groups for the average temperatures: Cold (less than 40\u02da), Warm (40\u02da to 70\u02da), and Hot (71\u02da and above). Choose diverging colors to depict \u201cCold,\u201d \u201cWarm,\u201d and \u201cHot.\u201d Then, color in each cell of the previous table with the corresponding color for that group of average temperatures. Do not forget to add a legend next to the table to indicate what each color means.\r\n\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"524133\"]Hint[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"524133\"]Consider two different ways to color these: either using three distinct colors, or using three distinct shades of the same color. [\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Question 3<\/h3>\r\nWhat did you notice about the average temperatures for the four cities after you colored in the cells of the table?\r\n\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"581193\"]Hint[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"581193\"]What do you think?[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Question 4<\/h3>\r\nDetermine whether the statement is true or false: If we were to change the range of temperatures for the categories of Cold, Warm, and Hot, the colors of the cells in the table would change.\r\n\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"439287\"]Hint[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"439287\"]What do you think? Would it depend upon how much we changed the ranges? Would it be likely that at least one cell would change color? [\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3>Percentages<\/h3>\r\nSometimes the heat map is not based on averages but rather on other statistics, such as a change in percentages. A change in percentages is the difference between two percentages. Usually, a change in percentages is calculated for a heat map when we want to show the difference between two time points (e.g., Year 1 and Year 2).\r\n\r\nThe percentage of people in the United States who experienced flu-like symptoms as reported by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) on February 16, 2019 was 5.04%; on February 15, 2020, it was 6.11%.\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Question 5<\/h3>\r\nCalculate the change in percentages of people who experienced flu-like symptoms between 2019 and 2020 in the month of February.\r\n\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"153631\"]Hint[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"153631\"]Subtract the earlier percentage from the one recorded later.[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Question 6<\/h3>\r\nWhat is the correct interpretation of the change in percentages?\r\n\r\na) The percentage of people in the United States who had flu-like symptoms increased between 2019 and 2020.\r\n\r\nb) The percentage of people in the United States who had flu-like symptoms decreased between 2019 and 2020.\r\n\r\nc) The percentage of people in the United States who had flu-like symptoms stayed the same between 2019 and 2020.\r\n\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"342349\"]Hint[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"342349\"]Was the percentage recorded later higher or lower than the initial one?[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3>Relative Frequency<\/h3>\r\nAnother variable that can be displayed on a heat map is called a <strong>relative frequency.<\/strong> A relative frequency is defined as the number of times an event of interest occurred divided by the total number of trials. See the Recall box for a refresher as needed before answering Questions 7 and 8.\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>recall<\/h3>\r\nYou used relative frequencies in [<span style=\"background-color: #ffff99;\"><em>Displaying Categorical Data: Corequisite Support Activity].<\/em><\/span> Feel free to return to that page for a refresher of how you used the skill to explore the number of shark attacks in one region as part of shark attacks occurring in all regions. A brief review appears here.\r\n\r\nCore skill:[reveal-answer q=\"876633\"]Calculate a relative frequency[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"876633\"]To write a\u00a0<strong>relative frequency<\/strong>, divide the frequency (count) of interest by the total frequencies occurring. You may express the relative frequency as a proportion (fraction), decimal, or percentage.\r\n\r\nExample: In a city aquarium's shark tank, there are 20 total sharks. Three of the sharks are hammerheads. What is the relative frequency of hammerheads in the tank?\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">[latex]\\dfrac{3}{20} = 0.15[\/latex] or [latex]15\\%[\/latex]<\/p>\r\nSee the Student Resource [<span style=\"background-color: #ffff99;\">Fractions, Decimals, Percentages<\/span>] for a refresher on how to convert a fraction to a decimal and a percent.[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Question 7<\/h3>\r\nSuppose that you have a birdfeeder outside your window, and you notice many different birds visiting the birdfeeder each week. You notice that out of the 75 birds you counted at your birdfeeder for one week, 21 of those birds were cardinals. What is the relative frequency of seeing a cardinal at your birdfeeder?\r\n\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"776806\"]Hint[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"776806\"]Recall that relative frequency is a part-to-whole relationship. See the recall box above if needed. [\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Question 8<\/h3>\r\nWhat would be an estimate of the relative frequency that one of your friends\/followers on any social media platform (i.e., Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, TickTock, etc.) is from your hometown?\r\n\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"360773\"]Hint[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"360773\"]What do you think? If you don't have a social media account, pick a random number between 100 and 400 to represent the total number of friends\/followers, then estimate how many of those would be from your hometown.[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nNow that you've learned what goes into creating a heat map and gained some practice with the associated math skills, you are ready to move into the course section!","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>What you&#8217;ll need to know<\/h3>\n<p>In this support activity you\u2019ll become familiar with the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Recognize the types of variables appropriate for heat maps.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>You will also have an opportunity to refresh the following skills:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Calculate a change in percentage<\/li>\n<li>Calculate relative frequency<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>In the next preview assignment and in the next class, you will need to identify and interpret the color scale of a heat map and recognize an accurate interpretation of the statistics used in a heat map. We&#8217;ll use this support activity to preview the terminology and components of heat maps and to make sure you are feeling comfortable with relative frequencies and percentages.<\/p>\n<h2>Heat Maps<\/h2>\n<p>A heat map is a specific type of complex graphical display where data values or summary statistics calculated from values in the dataset are grouped into different colors along a scale. The visual representation of the heat map is often displayed as a map either of a specific country or the entire world.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1149 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/12022200\/Picture93-300x145.jpg\" alt=\"A world map made up of dots varying in color. They are orange near the equator and blue near the poles.\" width=\"541\" height=\"261\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Variables<\/h3>\n<p>In this Corequisite Support Activity, you&#8217;ll learn about the types of variables usually presented in a heat map and how those variables are categorized for use in this visual display. Earlier in the course you learned that some graphical displays are well-suited for categorical variables and others for\u00a0quantitative variables. A heatmap is similarly better suited for one of these, too.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>example<\/h3>\n<p>Consider the heatmap that appears in the text above. What variable do you think the colors might represent? Do you think that variable would be quantitative or categorical?<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q83580\">Click here to redisplay the image if needed.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q83580\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1149 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/12022200\/Picture93-300x145.jpg\" alt=\"A world map made up of dots varying in color. They are orange near the equator and blue near the poles.\" width=\"300\" height=\"145\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>To help you answer those questions, imagine that the heatmap includes a key letting you know value ranges for the shades of blue, orange, and red shown in the map.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q675406\">Show Answer<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q675406\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">Your answers will vary, but one possibility is that the colors represent average annual temperature, with blue cooler than red.<\/p>\n<p>Since temperature is a quantitative variable, with over a hundred possible discrete values for average land temperatures on Earth, it is likely that temperature ranges have been assigned to each of the five or six colors on the map.<\/p>\n<p>Would that make the variable in the map quantitative or categorical? The answers to Questions 1 and 2 below will give you a way to think about this.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Work in pairs to answer Question 1 &#8211; 4 to understand how variables (and what type of variables) are presented in a heat map.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Question 1<\/h3>\n<p>If we take a quantitative variable and group that variable into different categories to create a new variable in our dataset, what type of variable is the new variable (e.g., if the temperature is &gt;71\u02da, then \u201cHot\u201d)?<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q406729\">Hint<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q406729\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">Remember that quantitative variables take on numerical values while categorical variables sort information into categories.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Question 2<\/h3>\n<p>In the table below, we have average temperatures (in degrees Celsius) for four U.S. cities during the four seasons of the year (Winter, Spring, Summer, and Autumn).<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Environmental Information. (2021). Climate at a Glance. https:\/\/www.ncdc.noaa.gov\/cag\/city\/time- series\/USH00305801\/tavg\/12\/1\/1895-2021?base_prd=true&amp;begbaseyear=1901&amp;endbaseyear=2000\" id=\"return-footnote-3818-1\" href=\"#footnote-3818-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><strong>Winter<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Spring<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Summer<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Autumn<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>New York<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>39\u02da<\/td>\n<td>64\u02da<\/td>\n<td>84\u02da<\/td>\n<td>55\u02da<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Los Angeles<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>68\u02da<\/td>\n<td>73\u02da<\/td>\n<td>83\u02da<\/td>\n<td>79\u02da<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Chicago<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>25\u02da<\/td>\n<td>56 \u02da<\/td>\n<td>75\u02da<\/td>\n<td>50\u02da<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Houston<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>60\u02da<\/td>\n<td>76\u02da<\/td>\n<td>91\u02da<\/td>\n<td>75\u02da<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>One way we can compare these average temperatures is to create groups with a certain range of temperatures for each group. Let us use the following groups for the average temperatures: Cold (less than 40\u02da), Warm (40\u02da to 70\u02da), and Hot (71\u02da and above). Choose diverging colors to depict \u201cCold,\u201d \u201cWarm,\u201d and \u201cHot.\u201d Then, color in each cell of the previous table with the corresponding color for that group of average temperatures. Do not forget to add a legend next to the table to indicate what each color means.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q524133\">Hint<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q524133\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">Consider two different ways to color these: either using three distinct colors, or using three distinct shades of the same color. <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Question 3<\/h3>\n<p>What did you notice about the average temperatures for the four cities after you colored in the cells of the table?<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q581193\">Hint<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q581193\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">What do you think?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Question 4<\/h3>\n<p>Determine whether the statement is true or false: If we were to change the range of temperatures for the categories of Cold, Warm, and Hot, the colors of the cells in the table would change.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q439287\">Hint<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q439287\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">What do you think? Would it depend upon how much we changed the ranges? Would it be likely that at least one cell would change color? <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Percentages<\/h3>\n<p>Sometimes the heat map is not based on averages but rather on other statistics, such as a change in percentages. A change in percentages is the difference between two percentages. Usually, a change in percentages is calculated for a heat map when we want to show the difference between two time points (e.g., Year 1 and Year 2).<\/p>\n<p>The percentage of people in the United States who experienced flu-like symptoms as reported by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) on February 16, 2019 was 5.04%; on February 15, 2020, it was 6.11%.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Question 5<\/h3>\n<p>Calculate the change in percentages of people who experienced flu-like symptoms between 2019 and 2020 in the month of February.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q153631\">Hint<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q153631\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">Subtract the earlier percentage from the one recorded later.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Question 6<\/h3>\n<p>What is the correct interpretation of the change in percentages?<\/p>\n<p>a) The percentage of people in the United States who had flu-like symptoms increased between 2019 and 2020.<\/p>\n<p>b) The percentage of people in the United States who had flu-like symptoms decreased between 2019 and 2020.<\/p>\n<p>c) The percentage of people in the United States who had flu-like symptoms stayed the same between 2019 and 2020.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q342349\">Hint<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q342349\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">Was the percentage recorded later higher or lower than the initial one?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Relative Frequency<\/h3>\n<p>Another variable that can be displayed on a heat map is called a <strong>relative frequency.<\/strong> A relative frequency is defined as the number of times an event of interest occurred divided by the total number of trials. See the Recall box for a refresher as needed before answering Questions 7 and 8.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>recall<\/h3>\n<p>You used relative frequencies in [<span style=\"background-color: #ffff99;\"><em>Displaying Categorical Data: Corequisite Support Activity].<\/em><\/span> Feel free to return to that page for a refresher of how you used the skill to explore the number of shark attacks in one region as part of shark attacks occurring in all regions. A brief review appears here.<\/p>\n<p>Core skill:<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q876633\">Calculate a relative frequency<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q876633\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">To write a\u00a0<strong>relative frequency<\/strong>, divide the frequency (count) of interest by the total frequencies occurring. You may express the relative frequency as a proportion (fraction), decimal, or percentage.<\/p>\n<p>Example: In a city aquarium&#8217;s shark tank, there are 20 total sharks. Three of the sharks are hammerheads. What is the relative frequency of hammerheads in the tank?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">[latex]\\dfrac{3}{20} = 0.15[\/latex] or [latex]15\\%[\/latex]<\/p>\n<p>See the Student Resource [<span style=\"background-color: #ffff99;\">Fractions, Decimals, Percentages<\/span>] for a refresher on how to convert a fraction to a decimal and a percent.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Question 7<\/h3>\n<p>Suppose that you have a birdfeeder outside your window, and you notice many different birds visiting the birdfeeder each week. You notice that out of the 75 birds you counted at your birdfeeder for one week, 21 of those birds were cardinals. What is the relative frequency of seeing a cardinal at your birdfeeder?<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q776806\">Hint<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q776806\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">Recall that relative frequency is a part-to-whole relationship. See the recall box above if needed. <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Question 8<\/h3>\n<p>What would be an estimate of the relative frequency that one of your friends\/followers on any social media platform (i.e., Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, TickTock, etc.) is from your hometown?<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q360773\">Hint<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q360773\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">What do you think? If you don&#8217;t have a social media account, pick a random number between 100 and 400 to represent the total number of friends\/followers, then estimate how many of those would be from your hometown.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Now that you&#8217;ve learned what goes into creating a heat map and gained some practice with the associated math skills, you are ready to move into the course section!<\/p>\n<hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-3818-1\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Environmental Information. (2021). Climate at a Glance. https:\/\/www.ncdc.noaa.gov\/cag\/city\/time- series\/USH00305801\/tavg\/12\/1\/1895-2021?base_prd=true&amp;begbaseyear=1901&amp;endbaseyear=2000 <a href=\"#return-footnote-3818-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":428269,"menu_order":7,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-3818","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":3807,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3818","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/428269"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3818\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4676,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3818\/revisions\/4676"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3807"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3818\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3818"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=3818"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=3818"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=3818"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}