{"id":5020,"date":"2022-08-17T18:30:50","date_gmt":"2022-08-17T18:30:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/?post_type=chapter&p=5020"},"modified":"2022-08-17T18:33:15","modified_gmt":"2022-08-17T18:33:15","slug":"8b-in-class-activity","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/chapter\/8b-in-class-activity\/","title":{"raw":"8B In-Class Activity","rendered":"8B In-Class Activity"},"content":{"raw":"
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Question 1<\/h3>\r\nResearch studies of college students suggest that sleep deprivation and daytime sleepiness can have negative consequences, including lower grade\u00a0\u00a0point averages, increased risk of academic failure, and impaired mood.[footnote]Hershner, S. D., & Chervin, R. D. (2014). Causes and consequences of sleepiness among college students. Nature and Science of Sleep<\/em>, 6, 73\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NSS.S62907[\/footnote]To counter sleep deprivation and\u00a0\u00a0daytime sleepiness, individuals are\u00a0\u00a0often encouraged to nap during the\u00a0\u00a0daytime.[footnote]Duggan, K. A., McDevitt, E. A., Whitehurst, L. N., & Mednick, S. C. (2018). To nap, perchance to DREAM: A factor analysis of college students' self-reported reasons for napping. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 16<\/em>(2), 135\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15402002.2016.1178115[\/footnote] In fact, some have even\u00a0\u00a0argued for colleges to consider\u00a0\u00a0building napping stations in their\u00a0\u00a0libraries to provide students convenient locations for quick naps.[footnote]Wise, M. J. (2018). Naps and sleep deprivation: Why academic libraries should consider adding nap stations to their services for students. New Review of Academic Librarianship, 24<\/em>(2), 192\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13614533.2018.1431948[\/footnote]\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\nCredit: iStock\/skynesher\r\n
    \r\n \t
  1. How many days in the last week have you had a nap? How likely do you\u00a0 think it is that a randomly selected classmate has had a nap on a majority of\u00a0 the days in the last week (i.e., in 4 or more days)?<\/li>\r\n \t
  2. How do you think the class\u2019s napping habits relate to all college students\u00a0 across the United States?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
    \r\n

    Question 2<\/h3>\r\nIn the preview assignment, you were asked to respond to the following question: \u201cOn\u00a0 how many of the last 7 days did you take a nap?\u201d\r\n\r\nWe will use the possible values to this question as the possible values of our\u00a0 discrete random variable. That is, let\u2019s use \u201c[latex] X [\/latex]\u201d to represent the number of days that\u00a0 included a nap.\r\n\r\nUsing the data provided by your instructor, complete the \u201cFrequency\u201d column in the\u00a0 table below.\r\n
    \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
    [latex] X [\/latex], Number of\u00a0 days that\r\n\r\nincluded a nap<\/td>\r\nFrequency<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    0<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    1<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    2<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    3<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    4<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    5<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    6<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    7<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    TOTAL:<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
    \r\n

    Question 3<\/h3>\r\nUse your frequency table to address the following questions.\r\n
      \r\n \t
    1. Calculate the probability associated with each value of the random variable,\u00a0 [latex] X [\/latex]. That is, calculate the probability of randomly selecting a classmate who\u00a0 had 0 days with a nap. Then repeat this for the other possible values of the\u00a0 random variable. Complete the column \u201c[latex] P(X) [\/latex]\u201d in the following table.\r\n
      \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
      [latex] X [\/latex], Number of\u00a0 days that\r\n\r\nincluded a nap<\/td>\r\n[latex] P(X) [\/latex],\r\n\r\nThe probability of\r\n\r\nrandomly selecting an\u00a0 individual who stated \ufffd days with a nap<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      0<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      1<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      2<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      3<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      4<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      5<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      6<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      7<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      SUM:<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div><\/li>\r\n \t
    2. Explain how your table illustrates all of the essential properties necessary for\u00a0 a discrete probability distribution.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
      \r\n

      Question 4<\/h3>\r\nUse the probability distribution you created to address the following questions.\r\n
        \r\n \t
      1. Suppose you randomly selected an individual from the class. What is the probability of selecting someone who has had a nap on only 1 day in the past week, [latex] P(X = 1) [\/latex]?<\/li>\r\n \t
      2. Calculate P(3 days or less), or in other words, [latex] P(X\u2264 3) [\/latex]. Interpret your result.<\/li>\r\n \t
      3. Suppose you randomly selected an individual from the class. What is the probability that you select someone who has had a nap on a majority of the days in the past week (i.e., at least 4 days)?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n \r\n
        \r\n

        Question 5<\/h3>\r\nA large, national survey[footnote]American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment. (2020). Undergraduate student reference group data report, Fall 2019.<\/em> https:\/\/www.acha.org\/NCHA\/ACHA NCHA_Data\/Publications_and_Reports\/NCHA\/Data\/Reports_ACHA-NCHAIII.aspx[\/footnote] conducted by the American College Health Association asked college students the same question that you answered prior to class: \u201cOn how\u00a0 many of the last 7 days did you take a nap?\u201d The graph below displays the\u00a0 probability distribution of the random variable [latex] X [\/latex], number of days that included a nap.\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n
          \r\n \t
        1. Compare and contrast this probability distribution with the one associated\u00a0 with the class responses. How are they similar? How are they different?<\/li>\r\n \t
        2. What is the probability of selecting a surveyed college student who has had a\u00a0 nap on at most 2 days in the last week?\r\nPut another way, calculate [latex] P(X \u2264 2) [\/latex].<\/li>\r\n \t
        3. Calculate P(At least 4 days), i.e., [latex] P(X\u00a0\u2265 4) [\/latex]. Interpret your result.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n \r\n
          \r\n

          Question 6<\/h3>\r\nCompare your calculations from Question 4, Part C and Question 5, Part C. When compared to those in the national study, is your statistics class more or less likely to find an individual who has had a nap on at least 4 days in the last week?\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n ","rendered":"
          \n

          Question 1<\/h3>\n

          Research studies of college students suggest that sleep deprivation and daytime sleepiness can have negative consequences, including lower grade\u00a0\u00a0point averages, increased risk of academic failure, and impaired mood.[1]<\/sup><\/a>To counter sleep deprivation and\u00a0\u00a0daytime sleepiness, individuals are\u00a0\u00a0often encouraged to nap during the\u00a0\u00a0daytime.[2]<\/sup><\/a> In fact, some have even\u00a0\u00a0argued for colleges to consider\u00a0\u00a0building napping stations in their\u00a0\u00a0libraries to provide students convenient locations for quick naps.[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

          \"\"
          \nCredit: iStock\/skynesher<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. How many days in the last week have you had a nap? How likely do you\u00a0 think it is that a randomly selected classmate has had a nap on a majority of\u00a0 the days in the last week (i.e., in 4 or more days)?<\/li>\n
          2. How do you think the class\u2019s napping habits relate to all college students\u00a0 across the United States?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n
            \n

            Question 2<\/h3>\n

            In the preview assignment, you were asked to respond to the following question: \u201cOn\u00a0 how many of the last 7 days did you take a nap?\u201d<\/p>\n

            We will use the possible values to this question as the possible values of our\u00a0 discrete random variable. That is, let\u2019s use \u201c[latex]X[\/latex]\u201d to represent the number of days that\u00a0 included a nap.<\/p>\n

            Using the data provided by your instructor, complete the \u201cFrequency\u201d column in the\u00a0 table below.<\/p>\n

            \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            [latex]X[\/latex], Number of\u00a0 days that<\/p>\n

            included a nap<\/td>\n

            		Frequency<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            0<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            1<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            2<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            3<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            4<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            5<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            6<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            7<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            TOTAL:<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
            \n

            Question 3<\/h3>\n

            Use your frequency table to address the following questions.<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Calculate the probability associated with each value of the random variable,\u00a0 [latex]X[\/latex]. That is, calculate the probability of randomly selecting a classmate who\u00a0 had 0 days with a nap. Then repeat this for the other possible values of the\u00a0 random variable. Complete the column \u201c[latex]P(X)[\/latex]\u201d in the following table.\n
              \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
              [latex]X[\/latex], Number of\u00a0 days that<\/p>\n

              included a nap<\/td>\n

              		[latex]P(X)[\/latex],<\/p>\n

              The probability of<\/p>\n

              randomly selecting an\u00a0 individual who stated \ufffd days with a nap<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

              0<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              1<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              2<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              3<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              4<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              5<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              6<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              7<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              SUM:<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
            2. Explain how your table illustrates all of the essential properties necessary for\u00a0 a discrete probability distribution.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n
              \n

              Question 4<\/h3>\n

              Use the probability distribution you created to address the following questions.<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. Suppose you randomly selected an individual from the class. What is the probability of selecting someone who has had a nap on only 1 day in the past week, [latex]P(X = 1)[\/latex]?<\/li>\n
              2. Calculate P(3 days or less), or in other words, [latex]P(X\u2264 3)[\/latex]. Interpret your result.<\/li>\n
              3. Suppose you randomly selected an individual from the class. What is the probability that you select someone who has had a nap on a majority of the days in the past week (i.e., at least 4 days)?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n

                 <\/p>\n

                \n

                Question 5<\/h3>\n

                A large, national survey[4]<\/sup><\/a> conducted by the American College Health Association asked college students the same question that you answered prior to class: \u201cOn how\u00a0 many of the last 7 days did you take a nap?\u201d The graph below displays the\u00a0 probability distribution of the random variable [latex]X[\/latex], number of days that included a nap.<\/p>\n

                \"\"<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Compare and contrast this probability distribution with the one associated\u00a0 with the class responses. How are they similar? How are they different?<\/li>\n
                2. What is the probability of selecting a surveyed college student who has had a\u00a0 nap on at most 2 days in the last week?
                  \nPut another way, calculate [latex]P(X \u2264 2)[\/latex].<\/li>\n
                3. Calculate P(At least 4 days), i.e., [latex]P(X\u00a0\u2265 4)[\/latex]. Interpret your result.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n

                   <\/p>\n

                  \n

                  Question 6<\/h3>\n

                  Compare your calculations from Question 4, Part C and Question 5, Part C. When compared to those in the national study, is your statistics class more or less likely to find an individual who has had a nap on at least 4 days in the last week?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                   <\/p>\n

                   <\/p>\n

                   <\/p>\n

                  1. Hershner, S. D., & Chervin, R. D. (2014). Causes and consequences of sleepiness among college students. Nature and Science of Sleep<\/em>, 6, 73\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NSS.S62907 ↵<\/a><\/li>
                  2. Duggan, K. A., McDevitt, E. A., Whitehurst, L. N., & Mednick, S. C. (2018). To nap, perchance to DREAM: A factor analysis of college students' self-reported reasons for napping. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 16<\/em>(2), 135\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15402002.2016.1178115 ↵<\/a><\/li>
                  3. Wise, M. J. (2018). Naps and sleep deprivation: Why academic libraries should consider adding nap stations to their services for students. New Review of Academic Librarianship, 24<\/em>(2), 192\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13614533.2018.1431948 ↵<\/a><\/li>
                  4. American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment. (2020). Undergraduate student reference group data report, Fall 2019.<\/em> https:\/\/www.acha.org\/NCHA\/ACHA NCHA_Data\/Publications_and_Reports\/NCHA\/Data\/Reports_ACHA-NCHAIII.aspx ↵<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":574340,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-5020","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":4997,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5020","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/574340"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5020\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5030,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5020\/revisions\/5030"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/4997"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5020\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5020"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=5020"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=5020"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=5020"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}