{"id":5039,"date":"2022-08-17T19:10:05","date_gmt":"2022-08-17T19:10:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/?post_type=chapter&p=5039"},"modified":"2022-10-24T13:05:06","modified_gmt":"2022-10-24T13:05:06","slug":"13d-coreq","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/chapter\/13d-coreq\/","title":{"raw":"13D Coreq","rendered":"13D Coreq"},"content":{"raw":"In the next in-class activity, you will need to find the difference between two values and interpret that difference in the context described below.\r\n\r\nA 2011 study[footnote]Pickering, A. J., Davis, J., & Boehm, A. B. (2011, September). Efficacy of alcohol-based hand sanitizer\u00a0 on hands soiled with dirt and cooking oil. Journal of Water and Health, 9(3), 429\u2013433. DOI:\u00a0 10.2166\/wh.2011.138[\/footnote] measured the effectiveness of alcohol-based hand sanitizer on\u00a0 volunteers' hands artificially contaminated with the bacteria Escherichia coli in the presence of dirt and cooking oil.\r\n\r\nThe researchers wanted to study whether or not hand sanitizer effectively reduced the\u00a0 number of bacteria in the presence of dirt.\r\n\r\nSuppose you want to replicate the study. You collect bacteria from the hands of eight\u00a0 randomly selected people who had dirt applied to their hands, and then you collect bacteria from their hands after they apply an alcohol-based sanitizer. You want to\u00a0 compare the amount of bacteria found on their hands before and after they apply the\u00a0 sanitizer.\r\n\r\nThe results are presented in the following table.\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Participant<\/td>\r\nNumber of Colony forming Units\r\n\r\n(CFU) before\r\n\r\nSanitizer<\/td>\r\nNumber of Colony forming Units (CFU) \u00a0after Sanitizer<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
1<\/td>\r\n11.8<\/td>\r\n12.1<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
2<\/td>\r\n10.8<\/td>\r\n12.0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
3<\/td>\r\n9.1<\/td>\r\n3.8<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
4<\/td>\r\n14.6<\/td>\r\n10.1<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
5<\/td>\r\n8.2<\/td>\r\n6.3<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
6<\/td>\r\n14.1<\/td>\r\n11.1<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
7<\/td>\r\n13.0<\/td>\r\n7.2<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
8<\/td>\r\n14.0<\/td>\r\n13.7<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\nRecall the difference between independent and dependent samples.\r\n
\r\n

Question 1<\/h3>\r\n1) Are the samples collected in this study independent or dependent? Explain.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nWhen comparing two means in dependent samples, we analyze the differences in each\u00a0 participant or subject. The last column of the following table shows the difference\u00a0 between the bacteria on participants\u2019 hands before and after they apply the sanitizer.\u00a0 Although the order does not matter, it is important to be clear about the order selected.\u00a0 The order of subtraction is defined as:\r\n\r\n(number of CFU before applying sanitizer) \u2013 (number of CFU after applying sanitizer)\r\n
\r\n

Question 2<\/h3>\r\n2) Complete the last column of the table by calculating the differences.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Participant<\/td>\r\nNumber of Colony forming Units\r\n\r\n(CFU) before\r\n\r\nSanitizer<\/td>\r\nNumber of Colony forming Units (CFU) \u00a0after Sanitizer<\/td>\r\nDifference<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
1<\/td>\r\n11.8<\/td>\r\n12.1<\/td>\r\n\u22120.3<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
2<\/td>\r\n10.8<\/td>\r\n12.0<\/td>\r\n\u22121.2<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
3<\/td>\r\n9.1<\/td>\r\n3.8<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
4<\/td>\r\n14.6<\/td>\r\n10.1<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
5<\/td>\r\n8.2<\/td>\r\n6.3<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
6<\/td>\r\n14.1<\/td>\r\n11.1<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
7<\/td>\r\n13.0<\/td>\r\n7.2<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
8<\/td>\r\n14.0<\/td>\r\n13.7<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\r\n

Question 3<\/h3>\r\n3) Complete the following sentence by filling in the blank and circling the correct word\u00a0 in parentheses.\r\n\r\nThe bacteria on participant four\u2019s hands before applying the sanitizer is ____ CFUs (more\/less) than after.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n

Question 4<\/h3>\r\n4) Complete the following sentence by filling in the blank and circling the correct word\u00a0 in parentheses.\r\n\r\nThe bacteria on participant one\u2019s hands before applying the sanitizer is ____ CFUs\u00a0 (more\/less) than after.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n

Question 5<\/h3>\r\n5) Notice that some of the entries in the last column are positive and some are\u00a0 negative. If the difference between the two measurements is always or often\u00a0 positive, what might you conclude about that sample?\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"

In the next in-class activity, you will need to find the difference between two values and interpret that difference in the context described below.<\/p>\n

A 2011 study[1]<\/sup><\/a> measured the effectiveness of alcohol-based hand sanitizer on\u00a0 volunteers’ hands artificially contaminated with the bacteria Escherichia coli in the presence of dirt and cooking oil.<\/p>\n

The researchers wanted to study whether or not hand sanitizer effectively reduced the\u00a0 number of bacteria in the presence of dirt.<\/p>\n

Suppose you want to replicate the study. You collect bacteria from the hands of eight\u00a0 randomly selected people who had dirt applied to their hands, and then you collect bacteria from their hands after they apply an alcohol-based sanitizer. You want to\u00a0 compare the amount of bacteria found on their hands before and after they apply the\u00a0 sanitizer.<\/p>\n

The results are presented in the following table.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Participant<\/td>\nNumber of Colony forming Units<\/p>\n

(CFU) before<\/p>\n

Sanitizer<\/td>\n

Number of Colony forming Units (CFU) \u00a0after Sanitizer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\n11.8<\/td>\n12.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\n10.8<\/td>\n12.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\n9.1<\/td>\n3.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\n14.6<\/td>\n10.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\n8.2<\/td>\n6.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\n14.1<\/td>\n11.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\n13.0<\/td>\n7.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/td>\n14.0<\/td>\n13.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

Recall the difference between independent and dependent samples.<\/p>\n

\n

Question 1<\/h3>\n

1) Are the samples collected in this study independent or dependent? Explain.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

When comparing two means in dependent samples, we analyze the differences in each\u00a0 participant or subject. The last column of the following table shows the difference\u00a0 between the bacteria on participants\u2019 hands before and after they apply the sanitizer.\u00a0 Although the order does not matter, it is important to be clear about the order selected.\u00a0 The order of subtraction is defined as:<\/p>\n

(number of CFU before applying sanitizer) \u2013 (number of CFU after applying sanitizer)<\/p>\n

\n

Question 2<\/h3>\n

2) Complete the last column of the table by calculating the differences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Participant<\/td>\nNumber of Colony forming Units<\/p>\n

(CFU) before<\/p>\n

Sanitizer<\/td>\n

Number of Colony forming Units (CFU) \u00a0after Sanitizer<\/td>\nDifference<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\n11.8<\/td>\n12.1<\/td>\n\u22120.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\n10.8<\/td>\n12.0<\/td>\n\u22121.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\n9.1<\/td>\n3.8<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\n14.6<\/td>\n10.1<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\n8.2<\/td>\n6.3<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\n14.1<\/td>\n11.1<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\n13.0<\/td>\n7.2<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/td>\n14.0<\/td>\n13.7<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n

Question 3<\/h3>\n

3) Complete the following sentence by filling in the blank and circling the correct word\u00a0 in parentheses.<\/p>\n

The bacteria on participant four\u2019s hands before applying the sanitizer is ____ CFUs (more\/less) than after.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Question 4<\/h3>\n

4) Complete the following sentence by filling in the blank and circling the correct word\u00a0 in parentheses.<\/p>\n

The bacteria on participant one\u2019s hands before applying the sanitizer is ____ CFUs\u00a0 (more\/less) than after.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Question 5<\/h3>\n

5) Notice that some of the entries in the last column are positive and some are\u00a0 negative. If the difference between the two measurements is always or often\u00a0 positive, what might you conclude about that sample?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

  1. Pickering, A. J., Davis, J., & Boehm, A. B. (2011, September). Efficacy of alcohol-based hand sanitizer\u00a0 on hands soiled with dirt and cooking oil. Journal of Water and Health, 9(3), 429\u2013433. DOI:\u00a0 10.2166\/wh.2011.138 ↵<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":23592,"menu_order":68,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-5039","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":4875,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5039","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23592"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5039\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5682,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5039\/revisions\/5682"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/4875"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5039\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5039"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=5039"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=5039"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=5039"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}