{"id":5253,"date":"2022-08-19T00:45:59","date_gmt":"2022-08-19T00:45:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=5253"},"modified":"2022-08-19T01:04:28","modified_gmt":"2022-08-19T01:04:28","slug":"10b-coreq-2","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/chapter\/10b-coreq-2\/","title":{"raw":"10B In-Class Activity","rendered":"10B In-Class Activity"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Question 1<\/h3>\r\nAccording to the Centers for Disease Control and\u00a0 Prevention (CDC), without protection from the sun\u2019s ultraviolet (UV) rays, damage can be done to\u00a0 your skin in as little as 15 minutes. Over time, this\u00a0\u00a0damage can increase the risk of developing skin\u00a0cancer; thus, it is important to always practice \u201csun\u00a0 safety,\u201d such as wearing sunscreen and\u00a0\u00a0sunglasses and taking breaks in the shade.[footnote]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, December 13). <em>Sun exposure<\/em>. https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/travel\/page\/sun-exposure[\/footnote]\r\n\r\nAs part of the National College Health Assessment[footnote]American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment. (2020). Undergraduate student reference group data report, Fall 2019. https:\/\/www.acha.org\/NCHA\/ACHA NCHA_Data\/Publications_and_Reports\/NCHA\/Data\/Reports_ACHA-NCHAIII.aspx[\/footnote] \u00a0survey, researchers asked a random sample of college students:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>When you are outdoors in the sun, how often do you wear sunscreen?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>When you are outdoors in the sun, how often do you wear sunglasses to protect\u00a0 yourself from UV exposure?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<img class=\"alignnone wp-image-5257\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/08\/19005218\/10B-InClass-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"338\" height=\"223\" \/>\r\n\r\nCredit: iStock\/grafxart8888\r\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\">\r\n \t<li>If you had to guess, what proportion of college students do you think always wear sunscreen while outdoors in the sun?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What proportion of college students do you think always wear sunglasses to\u00a0 protect themselves from UV rays?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Question 2<\/h3>\r\nOut of 38,442 responses, 2,693 college students stated that they always wear\u00a0 sunscreen when they are outside in the sun.\r\n\r\nThe printout below contains the results from the DCMP Inference for a Population\u00a0 Proportion tool. The number of \u201cSuccesses\u201d refers to the 2,693 college students who stated they always wear sunscreen.\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignnone wp-image-5258\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/08\/19005601\/10B-InClass-2-300x181.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"580\" height=\"350\" \/>\r\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\">\r\n \t<li>When constructing confidence intervals for a proportion, remember that it is\u00a0 important to first confirm that the following conditions are met:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Random sampling is used.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The sample is less than 10% of the population.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The sample is large enough that [latex]n\\hat{p} \\geq 10 [\/latex] and [latex]n(1 \u2212 \\hat{p}) \\geq 10[\/latex].Although it is not specified above, we can assume that the sample is less\u00a0 than 10% of the population.\r\nConfirm that the other two conditions are met.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Using the previous results from the DCMP Data Analysis Tool, identify the\u00a0 point-estimate, standard error, margin of error, confidence level, and lower\u00a0 and upper bounds of the confidence interval for estimating the population\u00a0 proportion of American college students who always wear sunscreen while\u00a0 outdoors in the sun. Complete the following table.\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Point-Estimate<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Standard Error<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Margin of Error<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Confidence Level<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Lower Bound<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Upper Bound<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div><\/li>\r\n \t<li>A friend reads the output and interprets the confidence interval as the\u00a0 following:\u201cThere is a 95% chance that the population proportion of college students\u00a0 who always wear sunscreen is between 0.0675 and 0.07261, or 6.75% and\u00a0 7.261%.\u201d\r\n\r\nIs this a correct interpretation of the confidence interval? Explain. If it is not a\u00a0 correct interpretation, what is the correct interpretation?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>As part of their Healthy People 2020 initiative, the CDC set a target goal of\u00a0 increasing the percentage of young people who regularly wear sunscreen to\u00a0 11.2%. Given the calculated confidence interval and its correct interpretation, does it appear the proportion of college students who always wear\u00a0 sunscreen hits this goal?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Question 3<\/h3>\r\nOut of 38,281 responses, 5,954 college students stated that they always wear\u00a0 sunglasses to protect themselves from UV rays.\r\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\">\r\n \t<li>Use the tool (https:\/\/dcmathpathways.shinyapps.io\/Inference_prop\/) to\u00a0 calculate a 95% confidence interval for estimating the population proportion\u00a0 of college students who always wear sunglasses to protect themselves from\u00a0 UV rays.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Under the \u201cEnter Data\u201d drop-down menu, select \u201cNumber of Successes.\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Enter 38,281 as the sample size and 5,954 as the number of successes.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Complete the following table with the appropriate calculations from the\u00a0 output.\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Point-Estimate<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Standard Error<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Margin of Error<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Confidence Level<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Lower Bound<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Upper Bound<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Interpret the 95% confidence interval that you constructed.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Using the same previous figure from the CDC (i.e., 11.2%), does it appear\u00a0 more than 11.2% of college students always wear sunglasses to protect\u00a0 themselves from UV rays? Explain.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Without using the DCMP Data Analysis Tool or a calculator, determine\u00a0 whether a 99% confidence interval calculated from these sample data would\u00a0 result in a narrower or wider interval. Explain.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Question 4<\/h3>\r\nReflect back on your responses to Question 1. Do the confidence intervals you\u00a0 constructed in Questions 2 and 3 align with your initial guesses? Explain.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Question 1<\/h3>\n<p>According to the Centers for Disease Control and\u00a0 Prevention (CDC), without protection from the sun\u2019s ultraviolet (UV) rays, damage can be done to\u00a0 your skin in as little as 15 minutes. Over time, this\u00a0\u00a0damage can increase the risk of developing skin\u00a0cancer; thus, it is important to always practice \u201csun\u00a0 safety,\u201d such as wearing sunscreen and\u00a0\u00a0sunglasses and taking breaks in the shade.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, December 13). Sun exposure. https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/travel\/page\/sun-exposure\" id=\"return-footnote-5253-1\" href=\"#footnote-5253-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>As part of the National College Health Assessment<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment. (2020). Undergraduate student reference group data report, Fall 2019. https:\/\/www.acha.org\/NCHA\/ACHA NCHA_Data\/Publications_and_Reports\/NCHA\/Data\/Reports_ACHA-NCHAIII.aspx\" id=\"return-footnote-5253-2\" href=\"#footnote-5253-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a> \u00a0survey, researchers asked a random sample of college students:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>When you are outdoors in the sun, how often do you wear sunscreen?<\/li>\n<li>When you are outdoors in the sun, how often do you wear sunglasses to protect\u00a0 yourself from UV exposure?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5257\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/08\/19005218\/10B-InClass-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"338\" height=\"223\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Credit: iStock\/grafxart8888<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\">\n<li>If you had to guess, what proportion of college students do you think always wear sunscreen while outdoors in the sun?<\/li>\n<li>What proportion of college students do you think always wear sunglasses to\u00a0 protect themselves from UV rays?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Question 2<\/h3>\n<p>Out of 38,442 responses, 2,693 college students stated that they always wear\u00a0 sunscreen when they are outside in the sun.<\/p>\n<p>The printout below contains the results from the DCMP Inference for a Population\u00a0 Proportion tool. The number of \u201cSuccesses\u201d refers to the 2,693 college students who stated they always wear sunscreen.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5258\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/08\/19005601\/10B-InClass-2-300x181.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"580\" height=\"350\" \/><\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\">\n<li>When constructing confidence intervals for a proportion, remember that it is\u00a0 important to first confirm that the following conditions are met:\n<ul>\n<li>Random sampling is used.<\/li>\n<li>The sample is less than 10% of the population.<\/li>\n<li>The sample is large enough that [latex]n\\hat{p} \\geq 10[\/latex] and [latex]n(1 \u2212 \\hat{p}) \\geq 10[\/latex].Although it is not specified above, we can assume that the sample is less\u00a0 than 10% of the population.<br \/>\nConfirm that the other two conditions are met.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Using the previous results from the DCMP Data Analysis Tool, identify the\u00a0 point-estimate, standard error, margin of error, confidence level, and lower\u00a0 and upper bounds of the confidence interval for estimating the population\u00a0 proportion of American college students who always wear sunscreen while\u00a0 outdoors in the sun. Complete the following table.\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Point-Estimate<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Standard Error<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Margin of Error<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Confidence Level<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lower Bound<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Upper Bound<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>A friend reads the output and interprets the confidence interval as the\u00a0 following:\u201cThere is a 95% chance that the population proportion of college students\u00a0 who always wear sunscreen is between 0.0675 and 0.07261, or 6.75% and\u00a0 7.261%.\u201d\n<p>Is this a correct interpretation of the confidence interval? Explain. If it is not a\u00a0 correct interpretation, what is the correct interpretation?<\/li>\n<li>As part of their Healthy People 2020 initiative, the CDC set a target goal of\u00a0 increasing the percentage of young people who regularly wear sunscreen to\u00a0 11.2%. Given the calculated confidence interval and its correct interpretation, does it appear the proportion of college students who always wear\u00a0 sunscreen hits this goal?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Question 3<\/h3>\n<p>Out of 38,281 responses, 5,954 college students stated that they always wear\u00a0 sunglasses to protect themselves from UV rays.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\">\n<li>Use the tool (https:\/\/dcmathpathways.shinyapps.io\/Inference_prop\/) to\u00a0 calculate a 95% confidence interval for estimating the population proportion\u00a0 of college students who always wear sunglasses to protect themselves from\u00a0 UV rays.\n<ul>\n<li>Under the \u201cEnter Data\u201d drop-down menu, select \u201cNumber of Successes.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Enter 38,281 as the sample size and 5,954 as the number of successes.<\/li>\n<li>Complete the following table with the appropriate calculations from the\u00a0 output.\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Point-Estimate<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Standard Error<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Margin of Error<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Confidence Level<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lower Bound<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Upper Bound<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Interpret the 95% confidence interval that you constructed.<\/li>\n<li>Using the same previous figure from the CDC (i.e., 11.2%), does it appear\u00a0 more than 11.2% of college students always wear sunglasses to protect\u00a0 themselves from UV rays? Explain.<\/li>\n<li>Without using the DCMP Data Analysis Tool or a calculator, determine\u00a0 whether a 99% confidence interval calculated from these sample data would\u00a0 result in a narrower or wider interval. Explain.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Question 4<\/h3>\n<p>Reflect back on your responses to Question 1. Do the confidence intervals you\u00a0 constructed in Questions 2 and 3 align with your initial guesses? Explain.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-5253-1\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, December 13). <em>Sun exposure<\/em>. https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/travel\/page\/sun-exposure <a href=\"#return-footnote-5253-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-5253-2\">American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment. (2020). Undergraduate student reference group data report, Fall 2019. https:\/\/www.acha.org\/NCHA\/ACHA NCHA_Data\/Publications_and_Reports\/NCHA\/Data\/Reports_ACHA-NCHAIII.aspx <a href=\"#return-footnote-5253-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":574340,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-5253","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":5220,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5253","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/574340"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5253\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5260,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5253\/revisions\/5260"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/5220"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5253\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5253"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=5253"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=5253"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=5253"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}