{"id":5274,"date":"2022-08-19T14:04:31","date_gmt":"2022-08-19T14:04:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/?post_type=chapter&p=5274"},"modified":"2022-08-19T14:04:31","modified_gmt":"2022-08-19T14:04:31","slug":"10c-in-class-activity","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/chapter\/10c-in-class-activity\/","title":{"raw":"10C In-Class Activity","rendered":"10C In-Class Activity"},"content":{"raw":"We encounter a variety of statistics on a daily basis. Journalists report polling data on\u00a0 upcoming elections, advertisers tell us how many people prefer their products over\u00a0 competitors, and healthcare researchers tell us the prevalence of a given disease\u00a0 across the country. Responsible researchers remind us that these reported statistics fall\u00a0 within a margin of error, but the size of that margin can vary greatly from study to study.\r\n\r\nRecall that we can calculate the minimum\u00a0\u00a0sample size necessary for a study if we\u00a0\u00a0know the desired confidence level, the\u00a0\u00a0acceptable margin of error, and the\u00a0\u00a0population proportion. (Alternately, we can\u00a0\u00a0take a conservative approach and use 0.5\u00a0\u00a0for the proportion.)\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nCredit: iStock\/eclipse_images\r\n
\r\n

Question 1<\/h3>\r\nWhat kinds of factors do you think might influence a researcher\u2019s decision about\u00a0 what margin of error is acceptable?\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n

Question 2<\/h3>\r\nThe manager of the bookstore at a large university is planning for a new semester\u00a0 and must decide how many textbooks to stock in the store. The manager has\u00a0 noticed that an increasing proportion of students have been buying their books\u00a0 online instead of in the bookstore, so the manager decides to survey a random\u00a0 sample of students to estimate how many students will buy their books online this\u00a0 semester. The manager needs to determine how many students to survey.\r\n
    \r\n \t
  1. The manager has no idea how many students actually buy their books online. What value should the manager use for [latex] p [\/latex] in the sample size\u00a0 calculation?<\/li>\r\n \t
  2. Explain why that value will give the manager the best sample size.<\/li>\r\n \t
  3. The manager decides to use a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error\u00a0 of 8%. What are the implications of that margin of error? Why might the\u00a0 manager avoid a smaller margin of error? Why might the manager avoid a\u00a0 larger margin of error?<\/li>\r\n \t
  4. Go to https:\/\/dcmathpathways.shinyapps.io\/Inference_prop\/ and use the DCMP Inference for a Population Proportion tool to calculate the necessary\u00a0 sample size for the bookstore\u2019s survey.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
    \r\n

    Question 3<\/h3>\r\nAn ecologist is studying the impact of pesticides on honey bees and plans an\u00a0 ecological survey to determine what proportion of bees have pesticides present in\u00a0 their bodies. The ecologist decides to use a confidence level of 95% and a margin of\u00a0 error of 5%, but they do not have an estimated value for the sample proportion. Use\u00a0 the web tool to calculate the necessary sample size for the ecological survey.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
    \r\n

    Question 4<\/h3>\r\nA biotech company is developing a new rapid test for influenza. After completing\u00a0 their own testing, they claim that their test is correct 97% of the time, with a margin\u00a0 of error of 1% and a confidence level of 95%. An independent researcher will now\u00a0 conduct another study to verify these results. Use the web tool to calculate the\u00a0 necessary sample size for the second study.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
    \r\n

    Question 5<\/h3>\r\nAn auto parts company is conducting routine quality control testing of the airbags\u00a0 produced for new cars. Past testing showed that about 2% of the airbags were\u00a0 defective. The company decides to use a 99% confidence level and wants a margin\u00a0 of error of 1%. Use the web tool to determine how many airbags the company\u00a0 should test as part of the current quality control audit.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
    \r\n

    Question 6<\/h3>\r\nNow, consider the context you researched before class.\r\n
      \r\n \t
    1. What margin of error do you think would be acceptable in answering your\u00a0 question? Explain.<\/li>\r\n \t
    2. Using a 95% confidence level and a sample proportion of 0.5, calculate the\u00a0 minimum sample size needed to achieve your desired margin of error.<\/li>\r\n \t
    3. Compare your answers with a classmate\u2019s. What factors affected the\u00a0 similarities and differences you saw? Would you have used the same margin\u00a0 of error that your classmate chose? Explain.<\/li>\r\n \t
    4. Did your Internet source provide a margin of error or sample size for the\u00a0 sample proportion reported? If so, how did those values compare to yours? If not, how does that impact your confidence in the reliability of the\u00a0 information presented?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\n ","rendered":"

      We encounter a variety of statistics on a daily basis. Journalists report polling data on\u00a0 upcoming elections, advertisers tell us how many people prefer their products over\u00a0 competitors, and healthcare researchers tell us the prevalence of a given disease\u00a0 across the country. Responsible researchers remind us that these reported statistics fall\u00a0 within a margin of error, but the size of that margin can vary greatly from study to study.<\/p>\n

      Recall that we can calculate the minimum\u00a0\u00a0sample size necessary for a study if we\u00a0\u00a0know the desired confidence level, the\u00a0\u00a0acceptable margin of error, and the\u00a0\u00a0population proportion. (Alternately, we can\u00a0\u00a0take a conservative approach and use 0.5\u00a0\u00a0for the proportion.)<\/p>\n

      \"\"<\/p>\n

      Credit: iStock\/eclipse_images<\/p>\n

      \n

      Question 1<\/h3>\n

      What kinds of factors do you think might influence a researcher\u2019s decision about\u00a0 what margin of error is acceptable?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      Question 2<\/h3>\n

      The manager of the bookstore at a large university is planning for a new semester\u00a0 and must decide how many textbooks to stock in the store. The manager has\u00a0 noticed that an increasing proportion of students have been buying their books\u00a0 online instead of in the bookstore, so the manager decides to survey a random\u00a0 sample of students to estimate how many students will buy their books online this\u00a0 semester. The manager needs to determine how many students to survey.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. The manager has no idea how many students actually buy their books online. What value should the manager use for [latex]p[\/latex] in the sample size\u00a0 calculation?<\/li>\n
      2. Explain why that value will give the manager the best sample size.<\/li>\n
      3. The manager decides to use a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error\u00a0 of 8%. What are the implications of that margin of error? Why might the\u00a0 manager avoid a smaller margin of error? Why might the manager avoid a\u00a0 larger margin of error?<\/li>\n
      4. Go to https:\/\/dcmathpathways.shinyapps.io\/Inference_prop\/ and use the DCMP Inference for a Population Proportion tool to calculate the necessary\u00a0 sample size for the bookstore\u2019s survey.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n
        \n

        Question 3<\/h3>\n

        An ecologist is studying the impact of pesticides on honey bees and plans an\u00a0 ecological survey to determine what proportion of bees have pesticides present in\u00a0 their bodies. The ecologist decides to use a confidence level of 95% and a margin of\u00a0 error of 5%, but they do not have an estimated value for the sample proportion. Use\u00a0 the web tool to calculate the necessary sample size for the ecological survey.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

        \n

        Question 4<\/h3>\n

        A biotech company is developing a new rapid test for influenza. After completing\u00a0 their own testing, they claim that their test is correct 97% of the time, with a margin\u00a0 of error of 1% and a confidence level of 95%. An independent researcher will now\u00a0 conduct another study to verify these results. Use the web tool to calculate the\u00a0 necessary sample size for the second study.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

        \n

        Question 5<\/h3>\n

        An auto parts company is conducting routine quality control testing of the airbags\u00a0 produced for new cars. Past testing showed that about 2% of the airbags were\u00a0 defective. The company decides to use a 99% confidence level and wants a margin\u00a0 of error of 1%. Use the web tool to determine how many airbags the company\u00a0 should test as part of the current quality control audit.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

        \n

        Question 6<\/h3>\n

        Now, consider the context you researched before class.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. What margin of error do you think would be acceptable in answering your\u00a0 question? Explain.<\/li>\n
        2. Using a 95% confidence level and a sample proportion of 0.5, calculate the\u00a0 minimum sample size needed to achieve your desired margin of error.<\/li>\n
        3. Compare your answers with a classmate\u2019s. What factors affected the\u00a0 similarities and differences you saw? Would you have used the same margin\u00a0 of error that your classmate chose? Explain.<\/li>\n
        4. Did your Internet source provide a margin of error or sample size for the\u00a0 sample proportion reported? If so, how did those values compare to yours? If not, how does that impact your confidence in the reliability of the\u00a0 information presented?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n

           <\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":574340,"menu_order":8,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-5274","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":5220,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5274","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/574340"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5274\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5276,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5274\/revisions\/5276"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/5220"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5274\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5274"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=5274"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=5274"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/lumen-danacenter-statsmockup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=5274"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}