{"id":81,"date":"2015-04-10T18:35:29","date_gmt":"2015-04-10T18:35:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/masteryart1x6xmaster\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=81"},"modified":"2019-07-01T17:27:40","modified_gmt":"2019-07-01T17:27:40","slug":"oer-1-4","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/masteryart1\/chapter\/oer-1-4\/","title":{"raw":"Reading: Representational, Abstract, and Nonrepresentational Art","rendered":"Reading: Representational, Abstract, and Nonrepresentational Art"},"content":{"raw":"<h2>Abstract art exists on a continuum, from somewhat realistic representational work to fully nonrepresentational work.<\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"bcp-concept--key-points\">\r\n<h3 class=\"bcp-concept--minor-heading\">Key Points<\/h3>\r\n<ul class=\"bcp-concept--key-points-list\">\r\n \t<li class=\"bcp-concept__smartnote-list-item\">Representational art or figurative art represents\u00a0objects or events in the real world.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"bcp-concept__smartnote-list-item\">Romanticism, Impressionism, and Expressionism contributed to the emergence of abstract art in the nineteenth century.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"bcp-concept__smartnote-list-item\">Even representational work is abstracted to some degree; entirely realistic art is elusive.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3 class=\"bcp-concept--minor-heading\">Term<\/h3>\r\n<ul class=\"unstyled key_terms clearfix\">\r\n \t<li class=\"bcp-concept__smartnote-list-item\">Verisimilitude: the property of seeming true, of resembling reality; has a resemblance to reality<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nPainting and sculpture can be divided into the categories of figurative (or representational) and abstract (which includes nonrepresentational art). Figurative art describes artworks\u2014particularly paintings and sculptures\u2013that are clearly derived from real object sources, and therefore are by definition representational. Since the arrival of abstract art in the early twentieth century, the term figurative has been used to refer to any form of modern art that retains strong references to the real world.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_1076\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"600\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/415\/2015\/06\/21035134\/Meerhaven.jpe\"><img class=\"wp-image-1076\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/415\/2015\/06\/21035134\/Meerhaven.jpe\" alt=\"Johann Anton Eismann, Meerhaven. 17th c.\" width=\"600\" height=\"484\" \/><\/a> Johann Anton Eismann, Meerhaven. 17th c. Work is in the public domain[\/caption]\r\n\r\nThis figurative or representational work from the seventeenth century depicts easily recognizable objects\u2013ships, people, and buildings. Artistic independence was advanced during the nineteenth century, resulting in the emergence of abstract art. Three movements that contributed heavily to the development of these were Romanticism, Impressionism, and Expressionism.\r\n\r\nAbstraction indicates a departure from reality in depiction of imagery in art. Abstraction exists along a continuum; abstract art can formally refer to compositions that are derived (or abstracted) from a figurative or other natural source. It can also refer to nonrepresentational art and non-objective art that has no derivation from figures or objects.\r\n\r\nEven art that aims for verisimilitude of the highest degree can be said to be abstract, at least theoretically, since perfect representation is likely to be exceedingly elusive. Artwork which takes liberties, altering for instance color and form in ways that are conspicuous, can be said to be partially abstract.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_1078\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"600\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/415\/2015\/06\/21035136\/Le-Premier-Disque.jpe\"><img class=\"wp-image-1078\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/415\/2015\/06\/21035136\/Le-Premier-Disque.jpe\" alt=\"Le Premier Disque\" width=\"600\" height=\"604\" \/><\/a> Robert Delaunay, Le Premier Disque, 1913. Work is in the public domain[\/caption]\r\n\r\nDelaunay's work is a primary example of early abstract art. Nonrepresentational art refers to total abstraction, bearing no trace of any reference to anything recognizable. In geometric abstraction, for instance, one is unlikely to find references to naturalistic entities. Figurative art and total abstraction are almost mutually exclusive. But figurative and representational (or realistic) art often contains partial abstraction.\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<h2>Abstract art exists on a continuum, from somewhat realistic representational work to fully nonrepresentational work.<\/h2>\n<div class=\"bcp-concept--key-points\">\n<h3 class=\"bcp-concept--minor-heading\">Key Points<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"bcp-concept--key-points-list\">\n<li class=\"bcp-concept__smartnote-list-item\">Representational art or figurative art represents\u00a0objects or events in the real world.<\/li>\n<li class=\"bcp-concept__smartnote-list-item\">Romanticism, Impressionism, and Expressionism contributed to the emergence of abstract art in the nineteenth century.<\/li>\n<li class=\"bcp-concept__smartnote-list-item\">Even representational work is abstracted to some degree; entirely realistic art is elusive.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"bcp-concept--minor-heading\">Term<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"unstyled key_terms clearfix\">\n<li class=\"bcp-concept__smartnote-list-item\">Verisimilitude: the property of seeming true, of resembling reality; has a resemblance to reality<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Painting and sculpture can be divided into the categories of figurative (or representational) and abstract (which includes nonrepresentational art). Figurative art describes artworks\u2014particularly paintings and sculptures\u2013that are clearly derived from real object sources, and therefore are by definition representational. Since the arrival of abstract art in the early twentieth century, the term figurative has been used to refer to any form of modern art that retains strong references to the real world.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1076\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/415\/2015\/06\/21035134\/Meerhaven.jpe\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1076\" class=\"wp-image-1076\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/415\/2015\/06\/21035134\/Meerhaven.jpe\" alt=\"Johann Anton Eismann, Meerhaven. 17th c.\" width=\"600\" height=\"484\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-1076\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Johann Anton Eismann, Meerhaven. 17th c. Work is in the public domain<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>This figurative or representational work from the seventeenth century depicts easily recognizable objects\u2013ships, people, and buildings. Artistic independence was advanced during the nineteenth century, resulting in the emergence of abstract art. Three movements that contributed heavily to the development of these were Romanticism, Impressionism, and Expressionism.<\/p>\n<p>Abstraction indicates a departure from reality in depiction of imagery in art. Abstraction exists along a continuum; abstract art can formally refer to compositions that are derived (or abstracted) from a figurative or other natural source. It can also refer to nonrepresentational art and non-objective art that has no derivation from figures or objects.<\/p>\n<p>Even art that aims for verisimilitude of the highest degree can be said to be abstract, at least theoretically, since perfect representation is likely to be exceedingly elusive. Artwork which takes liberties, altering for instance color and form in ways that are conspicuous, can be said to be partially abstract.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1078\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/415\/2015\/06\/21035136\/Le-Premier-Disque.jpe\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1078\" class=\"wp-image-1078\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/415\/2015\/06\/21035136\/Le-Premier-Disque.jpe\" alt=\"Le Premier Disque\" width=\"600\" height=\"604\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-1078\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Robert Delaunay, Le Premier Disque, 1913. Work is in the public domain<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Delaunay&#8217;s work is a primary example of early abstract art. Nonrepresentational art refers to total abstraction, bearing no trace of any reference to anything recognizable. In geometric abstraction, for instance, one is unlikely to find references to naturalistic entities. Figurative art and total abstraction are almost mutually exclusive. But figurative and representational (or realistic) art often contains partial abstraction.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-81\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Representational, Abstract, and Nonrepresentational Art. From Boundless Art History. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Boundless. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/boundless-arthistory\/\">https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/boundless-arthistory\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":923,"menu_order":11,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Representational, Abstract, and Nonrepresentational Art. 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