{"id":64,"date":"2014-08-25T03:19:35","date_gmt":"2014-08-25T03:19:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/collegesuccess1x1\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=64"},"modified":"2016-07-27T21:11:21","modified_gmt":"2016-07-27T21:11:21","slug":"types-of-thinking","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/monroe-collegesuccess-thirdedition\/chapter\/types-of-thinking\/","title":{"raw":"Types of Thinking","rendered":"Types of Thinking"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\nBy the end of this section, you will be able to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Understand that there are different types of thinking.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Identify how each type of thinking contributes to learning.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\nThere are\u00a0various types of thinking skills, and\u00a0each kind requires us to do different things when we apply them. In the 1950s, Benjamin Bloom developed a classification of thinking skills, known as <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">Bloom\u2019s taxonomy,<\/span><\/span> that is still helpful today. Bloom lists six types of thinking skills, ranked in order of complexity: knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. \"Types of Thinking Skills\" outlines each skill and what is involved in that type of thinking.\r\n\r\nAll of these thinking skills are important for college, for the\u00a0workplace and for our daily lives.\r\n<h3>Types of Thinking Skills<\/h3>\r\n<table>\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th style=\"width: 20%;\">Thinking Skill<\/th>\r\n<th>What It Involves<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"background: yellow;\">\r\n<td>1. Remembering and Recalling<\/td>\r\n<td>Retrieving or repeating information or ideas from memory. This is the first and most basic thinking skill you develop (starting as a toddler with learning numbers, letters, and colors).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: yellow;\">\r\n<td>2. Understanding<\/td>\r\n<td>Interpreting, constructing meaning, inferring or explaining material from written, spoken, or graphic sources. Reading is the most common understanding skill; these skills are developed starting with early education.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: orange;\">\r\n<td>3. Applying<\/td>\r\n<td>Using learned material or implementing material in new situations. This skill is common used starting in middle school (in some cases earlier).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: orange;\">\r\n<td>4. Analyzing<\/td>\r\n<td>Breaking material or concepts into key elements and determining how the parts relate to one another or to an overall structure or purpose. Mental actions included in this skill are examining, contrasting or differentiating, separating, categorizing, experimenting, and deducing. You most likely started developing this skill in high school (particularly in science courses) and will continue to practice it in college.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: red;\">\r\n<td>5. Evaluating<\/td>\r\n<td>Assessing, making judgments, and drawing conclusions from ideas, information, or data. Critiquing the value and usefulness of material. This skill encompasses most of what is commonly referred to as critical thinking; this skill will be called on frequently during your college years and beyond. Critical thinking is the first focus of this chapter.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: red;\">\r\n<td>6. Creating<\/td>\r\n<td>Putting parts together or reorganizing them in a new way, form, or product. This process it the most difficult mental function. This skill will make you stand out in college and is in very high demand in the workforce. Creative thinking is the second focus of this chapter.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h2>Exercise: Thought Inventory<\/h2>\r\nThink about\u00a0your thinking. Are you using all six thinking skills? Reflect on your schoolwork in the past three weeks and identify specific examples where you used each of the thinking skills. Use the comment column to write notes about the skills, determining the skills\u00a0which are second nature to you and those you would like to develop further.\r\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Skill Set<\/th>\r\n<th>How You Used It in the Past Three Weeks<\/th>\r\n<th>Comments<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Remembering and Recalling<\/td>\r\n<td>\n\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Understanding<\/td>\r\n<td>\n\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Applying<\/td>\r\n<td>\n\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Analyzing<\/td>\r\n<td>\n\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Evaluating<\/td>\r\n<td>\n\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Creating<\/td>\r\n<td>\n\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nLook at the lists of things you actually did in each case. Notice that there are certain verbs that apply to each skill set. When you see those verbs as a prompt in an assignment or an exam, you will know what kind of thinking the instructor expects from you. The \"Thinking Verbs\" table lists some of the most common verbs associated with each\u00a0skill.\r\n<h3>Thinking Verbs<\/h3>\r\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Skill Set<\/th>\r\n<th>Verbs<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Remembering and Recalling<\/td>\r\n<td>Bookmark, count, describe, draw, enumerate, find, google, identify, label, list, match, name, quote, recall, recite, search, select, sequence, tell, write<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Understanding<\/td>\r\n<td>Blog, conclude, describe, discuss, explain, generalize, identify, illustrate, interpret, paraphrase, predict, report, restate, review, summarize, tell, tweet<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Applying<\/td>\r\n<td>Apply, articulate, change, chart, choose, collect, compute, control, demonstrate, determine, do, download, dramatize, imitate, implement, interview, install (as in software), participate, prepare, produce, provide, report, role-play, run (software), select, share, show, solve, transfer, use<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Analyzing<\/td>\r\n<td>Analyze, break down, characterize, classify, compare, contrast, debate, deduce, diagram, differentiate, discriminate, distinguish, examine, infer, link, outline, relate, research, reverse-engineer, separate, subdivide, tag<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Evaluating<\/td>\r\n<td>Appraise, argue, assess, beta test, choose, collaborate, compare, contrast, conclude, critique, criticize, decide, defend, \u201cfriend\/de-friend,\u201d evaluate, judge, justify, network, post, predict, prioritize, prove, rank, rate, review, select, support<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Creating<\/td>\r\n<td>Adapt, animate, blog, combine, compose, construct, create, design, develop, devise, film, formulate, integrate, invent, make, model, modify, organize, perform, plan, podcast, produce, program, propose, rearrange, remix, revise, rewrite, structure<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nWhile creative thinking will help you come up with possible solutions for problems and new ideas, critical thinking will help you decide which of those ideas have most merit and deserve to be implemented.\u00a0 Critical thinking will be discussed more in the following section.\r\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\r\n<h3>Exercises<\/h3>\r\n1. List three verbs that are associated with application skills.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n2. What is another name for \u201cevaluation\u201d thinking skills?\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n3. What thinking skills are associated with each of the following?\r\n\r\nDesign:\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDescribe:\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<p>By the end of this section, you will be able to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Understand that there are different types of thinking.<\/li>\n<li>Identify how each type of thinking contributes to learning.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>There are\u00a0various types of thinking skills, and\u00a0each kind requires us to do different things when we apply them. In the 1950s, Benjamin Bloom developed a classification of thinking skills, known as <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">Bloom\u2019s taxonomy,<\/span><\/span> that is still helpful today. Bloom lists six types of thinking skills, ranked in order of complexity: knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. &#8220;Types of Thinking Skills&#8221; outlines each skill and what is involved in that type of thinking.<\/p>\n<p>All of these thinking skills are important for college, for the\u00a0workplace and for our daily lives.<\/p>\n<h3>Types of Thinking Skills<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 20%;\">Thinking Skill<\/th>\n<th>What It Involves<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background: yellow;\">\n<td>1. Remembering and Recalling<\/td>\n<td>Retrieving or repeating information or ideas from memory. This is the first and most basic thinking skill you develop (starting as a toddler with learning numbers, letters, and colors).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: yellow;\">\n<td>2. Understanding<\/td>\n<td>Interpreting, constructing meaning, inferring or explaining material from written, spoken, or graphic sources. Reading is the most common understanding skill; these skills are developed starting with early education.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: orange;\">\n<td>3. Applying<\/td>\n<td>Using learned material or implementing material in new situations. This skill is common used starting in middle school (in some cases earlier).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: orange;\">\n<td>4. Analyzing<\/td>\n<td>Breaking material or concepts into key elements and determining how the parts relate to one another or to an overall structure or purpose. Mental actions included in this skill are examining, contrasting or differentiating, separating, categorizing, experimenting, and deducing. You most likely started developing this skill in high school (particularly in science courses) and will continue to practice it in college.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: red;\">\n<td>5. Evaluating<\/td>\n<td>Assessing, making judgments, and drawing conclusions from ideas, information, or data. Critiquing the value and usefulness of material. This skill encompasses most of what is commonly referred to as critical thinking; this skill will be called on frequently during your college years and beyond. Critical thinking is the first focus of this chapter.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: red;\">\n<td>6. Creating<\/td>\n<td>Putting parts together or reorganizing them in a new way, form, or product. This process it the most difficult mental function. This skill will make you stand out in college and is in very high demand in the workforce. Creative thinking is the second focus of this chapter.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Exercise: Thought Inventory<\/h2>\n<p>Think about\u00a0your thinking. Are you using all six thinking skills? Reflect on your schoolwork in the past three weeks and identify specific examples where you used each of the thinking skills. Use the comment column to write notes about the skills, determining the skills\u00a0which are second nature to you and those you would like to develop further.<\/p>\n<table cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-spacing: 0px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Skill Set<\/th>\n<th>How You Used It in the Past Three Weeks<\/th>\n<th>Comments<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Remembering and Recalling<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Understanding<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Applying<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Analyzing<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Evaluating<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Creating<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Look at the lists of things you actually did in each case. Notice that there are certain verbs that apply to each skill set. When you see those verbs as a prompt in an assignment or an exam, you will know what kind of thinking the instructor expects from you. The &#8220;Thinking Verbs&#8221; table lists some of the most common verbs associated with each\u00a0skill.<\/p>\n<h3>Thinking Verbs<\/h3>\n<table cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-spacing: 0px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Skill Set<\/th>\n<th>Verbs<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Remembering and Recalling<\/td>\n<td>Bookmark, count, describe, draw, enumerate, find, google, identify, label, list, match, name, quote, recall, recite, search, select, sequence, tell, write<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Understanding<\/td>\n<td>Blog, conclude, describe, discuss, explain, generalize, identify, illustrate, interpret, paraphrase, predict, report, restate, review, summarize, tell, tweet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Applying<\/td>\n<td>Apply, articulate, change, chart, choose, collect, compute, control, demonstrate, determine, do, download, dramatize, imitate, implement, interview, install (as in software), participate, prepare, produce, provide, report, role-play, run (software), select, share, show, solve, transfer, use<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Analyzing<\/td>\n<td>Analyze, break down, characterize, classify, compare, contrast, debate, deduce, diagram, differentiate, discriminate, distinguish, examine, infer, link, outline, relate, research, reverse-engineer, separate, subdivide, tag<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Evaluating<\/td>\n<td>Appraise, argue, assess, beta test, choose, collaborate, compare, contrast, conclude, critique, criticize, decide, defend, \u201cfriend\/de-friend,\u201d evaluate, judge, justify, network, post, predict, prioritize, prove, rank, rate, review, select, support<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Creating<\/td>\n<td>Adapt, animate, blog, combine, compose, construct, create, design, develop, devise, film, formulate, integrate, invent, make, model, modify, organize, perform, plan, podcast, produce, program, propose, rearrange, remix, revise, rewrite, structure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>While creative thinking will help you come up with possible solutions for problems and new ideas, critical thinking will help you decide which of those ideas have most merit and deserve to be implemented.\u00a0 Critical thinking will be discussed more in the following section.<\/p>\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\n<h3>Exercises<\/h3>\n<p>1. List three verbs that are associated with application skills.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>2. What is another name for \u201cevaluation\u201d thinking skills?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>3. What thinking skills are associated with each of the following?<\/p>\n<p>Design:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Describe:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-64\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Revision and adaptation. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Monroe Community College. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.monroecc.edu\">http:\/\/www.monroecc.edu<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: College Orientation and Success. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Monroe contributes its revision and adaptation under the same license as the original work.<\/li><li>A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A Revision of Bloomu2019s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Lorin Anderson and David Krothwohl.L. W. Anderson and David R. Krathwohl, eds.. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Allyn &amp; Bacon. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Success in College. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: anonymous. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/\">http:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":9,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Success in College\",\"author\":\"anonymous\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Revision and adaptation\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Monroe Community College\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/www.monroecc.edu\",\"project\":\"College Orientation and Success\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"Monroe contributes its revision and adaptation under the same license as the original work.\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A Revision of Bloomu2019s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives\",\"author\":\"Lorin Anderson and David Krothwohl.L. W. Anderson and David R. Krathwohl, eds.\",\"organization\":\"Allyn & Bacon\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"arr\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-64","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":216,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/monroe-collegesuccess-thirdedition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/64","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/monroe-collegesuccess-thirdedition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/monroe-collegesuccess-thirdedition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/monroe-collegesuccess-thirdedition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"version-history":[{"count":32,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/monroe-collegesuccess-thirdedition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/64\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2947,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/monroe-collegesuccess-thirdedition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/64\/revisions\/2947"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/monroe-collegesuccess-thirdedition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/216"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/monroe-collegesuccess-thirdedition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/64\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/monroe-collegesuccess-thirdedition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/monroe-collegesuccess-thirdedition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=64"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/monroe-collegesuccess-thirdedition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=64"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/monroe-collegesuccess-thirdedition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=64"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}