{"id":1422,"date":"2015-08-20T21:24:07","date_gmt":"2015-08-20T21:24:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/musicappreciation\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=1422"},"modified":"2017-04-15T03:15:16","modified_gmt":"2017-04-15T03:15:16","slug":"the-classical-orchestra","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/music-app-rford\/chapter\/the-classical-orchestra\/","title":{"raw":"The Classical Orchestra","rendered":"The Classical Orchestra"},"content":{"raw":"<h2>Composition of the Classical Orchestra<\/h2>\r\nThe classical orchestra is considerably smaller than the modern symphony orchestra: fewer\u00a0strings, no\u00a0more than two of the same instruments in woodwind and brass sections can\u00a0be used, and the percussion section contains only a very few instruments.\r\n\r\nThe typical classical orchestra contains the following:\r\n\r\n<strong>Woodwinds<\/strong>\r\n<dl>\r\n \t<dd>2 Flutes<\/dd>\r\n \t<dd>2 Oboes<\/dd>\r\n \t<dd>2 Clarinets (Bb, C, or A)<\/dd>\r\n \t<dd>2 Bassoons<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n<dl>\r\n \t<dt><strong>Brass<\/strong><\/dt>\r\n \t<dd>2 Horns<\/dd>\r\n \t<dd>2 Trumpets<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n<dl>\r\n \t<dt><strong>Percussion<\/strong><\/dt>\r\n \t<dd>2 Timpani<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n<dl>\r\n \t<dt><strong>Strings<\/strong><\/dt>\r\n \t<dd>12 Violins I<\/dd>\r\n \t<dd>10 Violins II<\/dd>\r\n \t<dd>8 Violas<\/dd>\r\n \t<dd>8 Violoncellos<\/dd>\r\n \t<dd>6 Double basses<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n<h3>Listen: Haydn\u2019s Orchestra (Symphony No. 94)<\/h3>\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/eVXalu0p1wo\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Strings: Violins 1, Violins 2, Violas, Cellos and Double Basses<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Woodwinds: 2 Flutes, 2 Oboes<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Brass: 2 French Horns, 2 Trumpets<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Percussion: Timpani<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n<h3>Listen: Beethoven\u2019s Orchestra (Symphony No. 5)<\/h3>\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/6z4KK7RWjmk\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Strings: Violins 1, Violins 2, Violas, Cellos, Double Basses<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Woodwinds: 1 Piccolo, 2 Flutes, 2 Oboes, 2 Bassoons, 2 Clarinets, 1 Contrabassoon<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Brass: 2 French Horns, 2 Trumpets, 3 Trombones<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Percussion: Timpani<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nBeethoven Symphony No 5 is work considered a transitional work to the romantic period. When compared to the Haydn and Beethoven's own 1st and 2nd symphonies one can hear this difference. The larger orchestra and the more aggressive stronger emotional \u00a0expression abounds. \u00a0Below is an edited account of the first movement of this work from Wikipedia:\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Symphony_No._5_(Beethoven)<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nThe <b>Symphony No. 5 in C minor<\/b> of Ludwig van Beethoven, Op. 67, \u00a0written between 1804\u20131808 is one of the best-known compositions in classical music, and one of the most frequently played symphonies.<span style=\"font-size: 13.3333px\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0E. T. A. Hoffmann described the symphony as \"one of the most important works of the time\". The symphony consists of four movements. The first movement is Allegro con brio; the second movement is Andante con moto; the third movement is a Scherzo Allegro; the fourth movement is Allegro.\r\n\r\nIt begins by stating a distinctive four-note \"short-short-short-long\" motif twice:(<span class=\"unicode haudio\"><span class=\"fn\"><a title=\"About this sound\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Beet5mov1bars1to5.ogg\"><img src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8a\/Loudspeaker.svg\/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png\" alt=\"About this sound\" width=\"11\" height=\"11\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"internal\" title=\"Beet5mov1bars1to5.ogg\" href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/ee\/Beet5mov1bars1to5.ogg\">listen<\/a><\/span>\u00a0<small class=\"metadata audiolinkinfo\">(<a title=\"Wikipedia:Media help\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Media_help\">help<\/a>\u00b7<a title=\"File:Beet5mov1bars1to5.ogg\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Beet5mov1bars1to5.ogg\">info<\/a>))<\/small><\/span>\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/score\/g\/i\/giz6k40oiwxynv3oc2172trek9m53bv\/giz6k40o.png\" alt=\"{\\clef treble \\key c \\minor \\time 2\/4 {r8 g'8[ g'8 g'8] | ees'2\\fermata | r8 f'8[ f'8 f'8] | d'2~ | d'2\\fermata | } }\" width=\"359\" height=\"54\" \/>\r\n\r\nThe symphony, and the four-note opening motif in particular, are known worldwide, with the motif appearing frequently in popular culture, from disco versions to rock and roll covers, to uses in film and television.","rendered":"<h2>Composition of the Classical Orchestra<\/h2>\n<p>The classical orchestra is considerably smaller than the modern symphony orchestra: fewer\u00a0strings, no\u00a0more than two of the same instruments in woodwind and brass sections can\u00a0be used, and the percussion section contains only a very few instruments.<\/p>\n<p>The typical classical orchestra contains the following:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Woodwinds<\/strong><\/p>\n<dl>\n<dd>2 Flutes<\/dd>\n<dd>2 Oboes<\/dd>\n<dd>2 Clarinets (Bb, C, or A)<\/dd>\n<dd>2 Bassoons<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl>\n<dt><strong>Brass<\/strong><\/dt>\n<dd>2 Horns<\/dd>\n<dd>2 Trumpets<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl>\n<dt><strong>Percussion<\/strong><\/dt>\n<dd>2 Timpani<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl>\n<dt><strong>Strings<\/strong><\/dt>\n<dd>12 Violins I<\/dd>\n<dd>10 Violins II<\/dd>\n<dd>8 Violas<\/dd>\n<dd>8 Violoncellos<\/dd>\n<dd>6 Double basses<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<h3>Listen: Haydn\u2019s Orchestra (Symphony No. 94)<\/h3>\n<p>https:\/\/youtu.be\/eVXalu0p1wo<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>Strings: Violins 1, Violins 2, Violas, Cellos and Double Basses<\/li>\n<li>Woodwinds: 2 Flutes, 2 Oboes<\/li>\n<li>Brass: 2 French Horns, 2 Trumpets<\/li>\n<li>Percussion: Timpani<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<h3>Listen: Beethoven\u2019s Orchestra (Symphony No. 5)<\/h3>\n<p>https:\/\/youtu.be\/6z4KK7RWjmk<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>Strings: Violins 1, Violins 2, Violas, Cellos, Double Basses<\/li>\n<li>Woodwinds: 1 Piccolo, 2 Flutes, 2 Oboes, 2 Bassoons, 2 Clarinets, 1 Contrabassoon<\/li>\n<li>Brass: 2 French Horns, 2 Trumpets, 3 Trombones<\/li>\n<li>Percussion: Timpani<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Beethoven Symphony No 5 is work considered a transitional work to the romantic period. When compared to the Haydn and Beethoven&#8217;s own 1st and 2nd symphonies one can hear this difference. The larger orchestra and the more aggressive stronger emotional \u00a0expression abounds. \u00a0Below is an edited account of the first movement of this work from Wikipedia:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Symphony_No._5_(Beethoven)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>The <b>Symphony No. 5 in C minor<\/b> of Ludwig van Beethoven, Op. 67, \u00a0written between 1804\u20131808 is one of the best-known compositions in classical music, and one of the most frequently played symphonies.<span style=\"font-size: 13.3333px\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0E. T. A. Hoffmann described the symphony as &#8220;one of the most important works of the time&#8221;. The symphony consists of four movements. The first movement is Allegro con brio; the second movement is Andante con moto; the third movement is a Scherzo Allegro; the fourth movement is Allegro.<\/p>\n<p>It begins by stating a distinctive four-note &#8220;short-short-short-long&#8221; motif twice:(<span class=\"unicode haudio\"><span class=\"fn\"><a title=\"About this sound\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Beet5mov1bars1to5.ogg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8a\/Loudspeaker.svg\/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png\" alt=\"About this sound\" width=\"11\" height=\"11\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"internal\" title=\"Beet5mov1bars1to5.ogg\" href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/ee\/Beet5mov1bars1to5.ogg\">listen<\/a><\/span>\u00a0<small class=\"metadata audiolinkinfo\">(<a title=\"Wikipedia:Media help\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Media_help\">help<\/a>\u00b7<a title=\"File:Beet5mov1bars1to5.ogg\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Beet5mov1bars1to5.ogg\">info<\/a>))<\/small><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/score\/g\/i\/giz6k40oiwxynv3oc2172trek9m53bv\/giz6k40o.png\" alt=\"{\\clef treble \\key c \\minor \\time 2\/4 {r8 g'8[ g'8 g'8] | ees'2\\fermata | r8 f'8[ f'8 f'8] | d'2~ | d'2\\fermata | } }\" width=\"359\" height=\"54\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The symphony, and the four-note opening motif in particular, are known worldwide, with the motif appearing frequently in popular culture, from disco versions to rock and roll covers, to uses in film and television.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":276,"menu_order":6,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-1422","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":704,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/music-app-rford\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1422","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/music-app-rford\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/music-app-rford\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/music-app-rford\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/276"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/music-app-rford\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1422\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2141,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/music-app-rford\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1422\/revisions\/2141"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/music-app-rford\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/704"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/music-app-rford\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1422\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/music-app-rford\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1422"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/music-app-rford\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1422"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/music-app-rford\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1422"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/music-app-rford\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1422"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}