{"id":2312,"date":"2017-08-11T14:46:51","date_gmt":"2017-08-11T14:46:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=2312"},"modified":"2017-08-11T14:46:51","modified_gmt":"2017-08-11T14:46:51","slug":"heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/chapter\/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders\/","title":{"raw":"Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders","rendered":"Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders"},"content":{"raw":"<strong>Heart Disorders<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Arrhythmia \u2013 abnormal heartbeat\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Bradycardia \u2013 a slow heart rate; less than 60 beats per minutes<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Tachycardia \u2013 fast heart rate; greater than 100 beats per minute<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Heart flutter \u2013 very rapid heart rate of 200 \u2013 300 beats per minutes<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Fibrillation \u2013 rapid uncoordinated contractions of the heart; it is so uncoordinated that blood is not adequately pumped from ventricles; cause of death in a heart attack<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Congestive heart failure \u2013(CHF) \u2013 acute or chronic inability of the heart to pump out the blood returned to it by the veins; blood backs up due to poor activity of the heart and leads to fatigue, edema (accumulation of fluid) of the lungs, feet, and legs.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Heart murmurs \u2013 unusual heart sounds. Usually caused by defective heart valves<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Myocardial infarction \u2013 heart attack \u2013 a portion of the myocardium dies due to an obstruction in a coronary artery (atherosclerosis); can lead to fibrillation and death if a large portion of the myocardium is damaged<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Pericarditis \u2013 inflammation of the pericardium usually caused by a bacterial or viral infection<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Blood Vessel Disorders<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Aneurysm \u2013 weakened portion of a blood vessel that bulges out, forming a balloon-like sac filled with blood; a rupture may produce a fatal hemorrhage<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Arteriosclerosis \u2013 hardening of the arteries due calcium deposits in the wall of the tunica media; occurs with atherosclerosis<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Atherosclerosis \u2013 formation of fatty deposits (cholesterol and triglycerides) in the tunica internal of arterial walls; these plaques reduce the size of the blood vessel and restrict blood flow. It increases the probably of clots and could block blood flow in vital areas such as the coronary arteries and lead to a heart attack<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Hypertension \u2013 chronic high blood pressure; &gt;140\/90; most common disease of blood vessels<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Phlebitis \u2013 inflammation of a vein<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Varicose veins \u2013 valves in the veins are damaged and the vessel becomes dilated and swollen; occurs most often during pregnancy, standing for long periods, lack of physical activity. Heredity can also play a role. Varicose veins can also occur in the anal canal in times of chronic constipation \u2013 called hemorrhoids<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","rendered":"<p><strong>Heart Disorders<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Arrhythmia \u2013 abnormal heartbeat\n<ol>\n<li>Bradycardia \u2013 a slow heart rate; less than 60 beats per minutes<\/li>\n<li>Tachycardia \u2013 fast heart rate; greater than 100 beats per minute<\/li>\n<li>Heart flutter \u2013 very rapid heart rate of 200 \u2013 300 beats per minutes<\/li>\n<li>Fibrillation \u2013 rapid uncoordinated contractions of the heart; it is so uncoordinated that blood is not adequately pumped from ventricles; cause of death in a heart attack<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Congestive heart failure \u2013(CHF) \u2013 acute or chronic inability of the heart to pump out the blood returned to it by the veins; blood backs up due to poor activity of the heart and leads to fatigue, edema (accumulation of fluid) of the lungs, feet, and legs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Heart murmurs \u2013 unusual heart sounds. Usually caused by defective heart valves<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Myocardial infarction \u2013 heart attack \u2013 a portion of the myocardium dies due to an obstruction in a coronary artery (atherosclerosis); can lead to fibrillation and death if a large portion of the myocardium is damaged<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pericarditis \u2013 inflammation of the pericardium usually caused by a bacterial or viral infection<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Blood Vessel Disorders<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Aneurysm \u2013 weakened portion of a blood vessel that bulges out, forming a balloon-like sac filled with blood; a rupture may produce a fatal hemorrhage<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Arteriosclerosis \u2013 hardening of the arteries due calcium deposits in the wall of the tunica media; occurs with atherosclerosis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Atherosclerosis \u2013 formation of fatty deposits (cholesterol and triglycerides) in the tunica internal of arterial walls; these plaques reduce the size of the blood vessel and restrict blood flow. It increases the probably of clots and could block blood flow in vital areas such as the coronary arteries and lead to a heart attack<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hypertension \u2013 chronic high blood pressure; &gt;140\/90; most common disease of blood vessels<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Phlebitis \u2013 inflammation of a vein<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Varicose veins \u2013 valves in the veins are damaged and the vessel becomes dilated and swollen; occurs most often during pregnancy, standing for long periods, lack of physical activity. Heredity can also play a role. Varicose veins can also occur in the anal canal in times of chronic constipation \u2013 called hemorrhoids<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12253,"menu_order":17,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2312","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":1142,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2312","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12253"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2312\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2313,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2312\/revisions\/2313"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/1142"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2312\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2312"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2312"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2312"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2312"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}