{"id":631,"date":"2015-04-09T16:28:07","date_gmt":"2015-04-09T16:28:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/ap2x2master\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=631"},"modified":"2017-05-28T15:43:18","modified_gmt":"2017-05-28T15:43:18","slug":"introduction","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/chapter\/introduction\/","title":{"raw":"Introduction to the Endocrine System","rendered":"Introduction to the Endocrine System"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\nAfter studying this chapter, you will be able to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Define and learn medical terminology associated with the endocrine system.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Identify the contributions of the endocrine system to homeostasis<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Discuss the function and nature of hormones<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Discuss the mechanisms of hormone action<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Discuss the regulation of hormone levels through positive or negative feedback<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Discuss endocrine gland stimuli<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Summarize the site of production, regulation, and effects of the hormones of the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal and thymus glands<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Discuss the hormonal regulation of the reproductive system<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Explain the role of the pancreatic endocrine cells in the regulation of blood glucose<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Discuss several common diseases associated with endocrine system dysfunction<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"230\"]<img class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/403\/2015\/04\/21031147\/1800_Child_Catching_Leaf_new.jpg\" alt=\"This photo shows a young girl reaching for an orange leaf on an oak tree. She is on a walkway near a creek. The opposite shore is a deep slope covered with more trees in autumn colors.\" width=\"230\" height=\"204\" \/> A Child Catches a Falling Leaf.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nThe endocrine system works with the nervous system to coordinate and direct the activity of the body's cells. \u00a0It provides a slower, but longer lasting coordination than the nervous system.\r\n\r\nThe endocrine system uses chemical messages in the form of <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">hormones-<\/span> chemical substances that are secreted by cells into extracellular fluids and regulate metabolic activity. \u00a0<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Blood\u00a0<\/span> transfers hormones to target sites. \u00a0<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Target cells or target organs\u00a0<\/span>-certain tissues or organs that a hormone affects. \u00a0Target cells must have specific protein <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">receptor<\/span> in order to be affected by the hormone.\r\n\r\nYou may never have thought of it this way, but when you send a text message to two friends to meet you at the dining hall at six, you\u2019re sending digital signals that (you hope) will affect their behavior\u2014even though they are some distance away. Similarly, certain cells send chemical signals to other cells in the body that influence their behavior. This long-distance intercellular communication, coordination, and control is critical for homeostasis, and it is the fundamental function of the endocrine system.\r\n\r\nHormones of the endocrine system coordinate and control growth, metabolism, temperature regulation, the stress response, reproduction, and many other functions.","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<p>After studying this chapter, you will be able to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Define and learn medical terminology associated with the endocrine system.<\/li>\n<li>Identify the contributions of the endocrine system to homeostasis<\/li>\n<li>Discuss the function and nature of hormones<\/li>\n<li>Discuss the mechanisms of hormone action<\/li>\n<li>Discuss the regulation of hormone levels through positive or negative feedback<\/li>\n<li>Discuss endocrine gland stimuli<\/li>\n<li>Summarize the site of production, regulation, and effects of the hormones of the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal and thymus glands<\/li>\n<li>Discuss the hormonal regulation of the reproductive system<\/li>\n<li>Explain the role of the pancreatic endocrine cells in the regulation of blood glucose<\/li>\n<li>Discuss several common diseases associated with endocrine system dysfunction<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"width: 240px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/403\/2015\/04\/21031147\/1800_Child_Catching_Leaf_new.jpg\" alt=\"This photo shows a young girl reaching for an orange leaf on an oak tree. She is on a walkway near a creek. The opposite shore is a deep slope covered with more trees in autumn colors.\" width=\"230\" height=\"204\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Child Catches a Falling Leaf.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>The endocrine system works with the nervous system to coordinate and direct the activity of the body&#8217;s cells. \u00a0It provides a slower, but longer lasting coordination than the nervous system.<\/p>\n<p>The endocrine system uses chemical messages in the form of <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">hormones-<\/span> chemical substances that are secreted by cells into extracellular fluids and regulate metabolic activity. \u00a0<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Blood\u00a0<\/span> transfers hormones to target sites. \u00a0<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Target cells or target organs\u00a0<\/span>-certain tissues or organs that a hormone affects. \u00a0Target cells must have specific protein <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">receptor<\/span> in order to be affected by the hormone.<\/p>\n<p>You may never have thought of it this way, but when you send a text message to two friends to meet you at the dining hall at six, you\u2019re sending digital signals that (you hope) will affect their behavior\u2014even though they are some distance away. Similarly, certain cells send chemical signals to other cells in the body that influence their behavior. This long-distance intercellular communication, coordination, and control is critical for homeostasis, and it is the fundamental function of the endocrine system.<\/p>\n<p>Hormones of the endocrine system coordinate and control growth, metabolism, temperature regulation, the stress response, reproduction, and many other functions.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-631\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Just Out of Reach. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: seenthroughmylense. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/aGZnmg\">https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/aGZnmg<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Anatomy &amp; Physiology. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: OpenStax CNX. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/14fb4ad7-39a1-4eee-ab6e-3ef2482e3e22@8.25\">http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/14fb4ad7-39a1-4eee-ab6e-3ef2482e3e22@8.25<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Download for free at http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/14fb4ad7-39a1-4eee-ab6e-3ef2482e3e22@8.25<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":12253,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Just Out of Reach\",\"author\":\"seenthroughmylense\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/aGZnmg\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Anatomy & Physiology\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"OpenStax CNX\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/14fb4ad7-39a1-4eee-ab6e-3ef2482e3e22@8.25\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"Download for free at http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/14fb4ad7-39a1-4eee-ab6e-3ef2482e3e22@8.25\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-631","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":1150,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/631","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12253"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/631\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2196,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/631\/revisions\/2196"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/1150"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/631\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=631"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=631"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=631"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=631"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}