{"id":988,"date":"2015-05-20T22:59:59","date_gmt":"2015-05-20T22:59:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/ap2x2master\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=988"},"modified":"2017-08-11T15:48:11","modified_gmt":"2017-08-11T15:48:11","slug":"introduction-11","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/chapter\/introduction-11\/","title":{"raw":"Introduction to the Reproductive System","rendered":"Introduction to the Reproductive System"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\nBy the end of this section, you will be able to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Describe the anatomy of the male and female reproductive systems, including their accessory structures<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Explain the role of hypothalamic and pituitary hormones in male and female reproductive function<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Trace the path of a sperm cell from its initial production through fertilization of an oocyte<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Explain the events in the ovary prior to ovulation<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Describe the development and maturation of the sex organs and the emergence of secondary sex characteristics during puberty<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_2151\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"350\"]<img class=\"wp-image-2151\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/217\/2016\/10\/10172014\/Figure_28_00_01-e1476120029417.jpg\" alt=\"This photo shows an oocyte.\" width=\"350\" height=\"247\" \/> Figure 1. Following a surge of luteinizing hormone (LH), an oocyte (immature egg cell) will be released into the uterine tube, where it will then be available to be fertilized by a male\u2019s sperm. Ovulation marks the end of the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle and the start of the luteal phase.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nSmall, uncoordinated, and slick with amniotic fluid, a newborn encounters the world outside of her mother\u2019s womb. We do not often consider that a child\u2019s birth is proof of the healthy functioning of both her mother\u2019s and father\u2019s reproductive systems. Moreover, her parents\u2019 endocrine systems had to secrete the appropriate regulating hormones to induce the production and release of unique male and female gametes, reproductive cells containing the parents\u2019 genetic material (one set of 23 chromosomes). Her parent\u2019s reproductive behavior had to facilitate the transfer of male gametes\u2014the sperm\u2014to the female reproductive tract at just the right time to encounter the female gamete, an oocyte (egg). Finally, combination of the gametes (fertilization) had to occur, followed by implantation and development. In this chapter, you will explore the male and female reproductive systems, whose healthy functioning can culminate in the powerful sound of a newborn\u2019s first cry.\r\n\r\n<strong>Reproduction<\/strong> \u2013 process by which life is sustained from one generation to the next\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Gonads \u2013 primary reproductive organs that produce gametes (sex cells)\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Male \u2013 testes (produce sperm)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Female \u2013 ovaries (produce egg)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<p>By the end of this section, you will be able to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Describe the anatomy of the male and female reproductive systems, including their accessory structures<\/li>\n<li>Explain the role of hypothalamic and pituitary hormones in male and female reproductive function<\/li>\n<li>Trace the path of a sperm cell from its initial production through fertilization of an oocyte<\/li>\n<li>Explain the events in the ovary prior to ovulation<\/li>\n<li>Describe the development and maturation of the sex organs and the emergence of secondary sex characteristics during puberty<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_2151\" style=\"width: 360px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2151\" class=\"wp-image-2151\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/217\/2016\/10\/10172014\/Figure_28_00_01-e1476120029417.jpg\" alt=\"This photo shows an oocyte.\" width=\"350\" height=\"247\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-2151\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1. Following a surge of luteinizing hormone (LH), an oocyte (immature egg cell) will be released into the uterine tube, where it will then be available to be fertilized by a male\u2019s sperm. Ovulation marks the end of the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle and the start of the luteal phase.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Small, uncoordinated, and slick with amniotic fluid, a newborn encounters the world outside of her mother\u2019s womb. We do not often consider that a child\u2019s birth is proof of the healthy functioning of both her mother\u2019s and father\u2019s reproductive systems. Moreover, her parents\u2019 endocrine systems had to secrete the appropriate regulating hormones to induce the production and release of unique male and female gametes, reproductive cells containing the parents\u2019 genetic material (one set of 23 chromosomes). Her parent\u2019s reproductive behavior had to facilitate the transfer of male gametes\u2014the sperm\u2014to the female reproductive tract at just the right time to encounter the female gamete, an oocyte (egg). Finally, combination of the gametes (fertilization) had to occur, followed by implantation and development. In this chapter, you will explore the male and female reproductive systems, whose healthy functioning can culminate in the powerful sound of a newborn\u2019s first cry.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Reproduction<\/strong> \u2013 process by which life is sustained from one generation to the next<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gonads \u2013 primary reproductive organs that produce gametes (sex cells)\n<ul>\n<li>Male \u2013 testes (produce sperm)<\/li>\n<li>Female \u2013 ovaries (produce egg)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-988\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Anatomy &amp; Physiology. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: OpenStax CNX. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/14fb4ad7-39a1-4eee-ab6e-3ef2482e3e22@8.25\">http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/14fb4ad7-39a1-4eee-ab6e-3ef2482e3e22@8.25<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Download for free at http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/14fb4ad7-39a1-4eee-ab6e-3ef2482e3e22@8.25<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":20,"menu_order":8,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Anatomy & Physiology\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"OpenStax CNX\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/14fb4ad7-39a1-4eee-ab6e-3ef2482e3e22@8.25\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"Download for free at http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/14fb4ad7-39a1-4eee-ab6e-3ef2482e3e22@8.25\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-988","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":1078,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/988","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/988\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2341,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/988\/revisions\/2341"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/1078"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/988\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=988"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=988"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=988"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nemcc-ap2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=988"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}