{"id":287,"date":"2016-02-12T23:29:31","date_gmt":"2016-02-12T23:29:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/lumencollegesuccess\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=287"},"modified":"2016-09-15T21:27:18","modified_gmt":"2016-09-15T21:27:18","slug":"patterns-of-thought","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/chapter\/patterns-of-thought\/","title":{"raw":"Patterns of Thought","rendered":"Patterns of Thought"},"content":{"raw":"<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1110\/2016\/02\/02025013\/15660921595_41b2d97deb_z.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-289\"><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-289\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1110\/2016\/02\/02025013\/15660921595_41b2d97deb_z.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of five students seated in class. All look deep in thought.\" width=\"700\" height=\"467\" \/><\/a>\r\n<blockquote>It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it. \u2014Aristotle, Greek philosopher<\/blockquote>\r\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\nBy the end of this section, you will be able to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Identify different patterns of thought, such as those found in Bloom\u2019s taxonomy<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Discuss the relationship of each thought pattern to education<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>What Is Thought?<\/h2>\r\n\u201c<em>Cogito ergo sum<\/em>.\u201d This famous Latin phrase comes from French philosopher Ren\u00e9 Descartes in the early 1600s. Translated into English, it means \"I think, therefore I am.\" It's actually a profound philosophical idea, and people have argued about it for centuries: we exist, and we are aware that we exist, because we think. Without thought or the ability to think, we don't exist. Do you agree? Even if you think Descartes got it wrong, most would say that thought is intimately connected to being human and that, as humans, we are all thinking beings.\r\n\r\nWhat, then, are thinking and thought? Below are some basic working definitions:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Thinking<\/strong> is the mental process you use to form associations and models of the world. When you think, you manipulate information to form concepts, to engage in problem-solving, to reason, and to make decisions.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Thought\u00a0<\/strong>can be described as the act of thinking that produces thoughts, which arise\u00a0as ideas, images, sounds, or even emotions.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nMany great thinkers and theorists have dedicated their lives to the study of thought, trying to understand exactly how humans\u00a0receive, absorb, generate, and transmit thought\u2014and also how they learn.\u00a0One such thinker was Benjamin Bloom, an American educational psychologist who was particularly interested how people learn. In 1956, Dr. Bloom chaired a committee of educators that developed\u00a0and classified a set of learning objectives, which came to be known as Bloom's taxonomy.\u00a0This classification system has been updated a little since it was first developed, but it remains important\u00a0for both students and teachers in helping to understand the skills and structures involved in learning.\r\n<h3>What Are Learning Objectives?<\/h3>\r\nWhat exactly are learning objectives? You may have already noticed them\u2014like the ones at the top of this page\u2014throughout this course. Learning objectives\u00a0are <em>goals<\/em>\u00a0that specify what someone will know, care about, or be able to do as a result of a learning experience. These learning skills can be divided into three main categories or \u201cdomains\u201d: the <strong>cognitive domain<\/strong> (what you should know), the <strong>affective domain<\/strong> (what you should care about), and the <strong>psychomotor domain<\/strong> (what you should be able to do).\r\n\r\nSince this section of the course is focused on patterns of thought, we'll start with the cognitive domain of learning.\r\n<h3>The Cognitive Domain of Learning<\/h3>\r\nThe cognitive domain of learning is divided into six main learning-skill levels, or learning-skill stages, which are arranged hierarchically\u2014moving from the simplest of functions like remembering and understanding, to more complex learning skills, like applying and analyzing, to the most complex skills\u2014evaluating and creating. The lower levels are more straightforward and fundamental, and the higher levels are more sophisticated.[footnote]Wilson, Leslie Owen. \"Anderson and Krathwohl - Bloom's Taxonomy Revised.\" <em>The Second Principle<\/em>. 2013. Web. 10 Feb 2016.[\/footnote] See Figure 1, below.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_292\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"640\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1110\/2016\/02\/02025014\/5857112597_eb3787e9c1_z.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-292\"><img class=\"wp-image-292 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1110\/2016\/02\/02025014\/5857112597_eb3787e9c1_z.jpg\" alt=\"Triangle chart, labeled The New Version of Bloom's Taxonomy. The largest bottom layer is Remembering, then Understanding, Applying, Analyzing, Evaluating, and Creating at the top.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" \/><\/a> Figure 1[\/caption]\r\n\r\nThe following\u00a0table describes\u00a0the six main skill sets within the cognitive domain.\r\n<div>\r\n<table>\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>MAIN SKILL LEVELS WITHIN THE COGNITIVE DOMAIN<\/th>\r\n<th>DESCRIPTION<\/th>\r\n<th>EXAMPLES OF RELATED LEARNING SKILLS (specific actions related to the skill set)<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Remembering<\/td>\r\n<td>\n\nWhen you are skilled in remembering, you can recognize or recall knowledge you've already gained, and you can use it to produce or retrieve or recite definitions, facts, and lists.\r\n\r\n<em>Remembering may be how you studied in grade school or high school, but college will require you to do more with the information.<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td>identify \u00b7 relate \u00b7 list \u00b7 \u00a0define \u00b7 recall \u00b7 memorize \u00b7 repeat \u00b7 record \u00b7 name<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Understanding<\/td>\r\n<td>\n\nUnderstanding is the ability to grasp or construct meaning from oral, written, and graphic messages.\r\n\r\n<em>Each college course will introduce you to new concepts, terms, processes, and functions. Once you gain a firm understanding of new information, you\u2019ll find it easier, perhaps later, to comprehend how or why something works.<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td>restate \u00b7 locate \u00b7 report \u00b7 recognize \u00b7 explain \u00b7 express \u00b7 identify \u00b7 discuss \u00b7 describe \u00b7 discuss \u00b7 review \u00b7 infer \u00b7 illustrate \u00b7 interpret \u00b7 draw \u00b7 represent \u00b7 differentiate \u00b7 conclude<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Applying<\/td>\r\n<td>\n\nWhen you apply, you use learned material (or you implement the material) in new and concrete situations.\r\n\r\n<em>In college you will be tested or assessed on what you've learned in the previous levels. You will be asked to solve problems in new situations by applying understanding in new ways. You may need to relate abstract ideas to practical situations.<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td>apply \u00b7 relate \u00b7 develop \u00b7 translate \u00b7 use \u00b7 operate \u00b7 organize \u00b7 employ \u00b7 restructure \u00b7 interpret \u00b7 demonstrate \u00b7 illustrate \u00b7 practice \u00b7 calculate \u00b7 show \u00b7 exhibit \u00b7 dramatize<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Analyzing<\/td>\r\n<td>\n\nWhen you analyze, you have the ability to break down or distinguish the parts of material into its components, so that its organizational structure may be better understood.\r\n\r\n<em>At this level, you will have a clearer sense that you comprehend the content well. You will be able to answer questions such as what if, or why, or how something would work.<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td>analyze \u00b7 compare \u00b7 probe \u00b7 inquire \u00b7 examine \u00b7 contrast \u00b7 categorize \u00b7 differentiate \u00b7 contrast \u00b7 investigate \u00b7 detect \u00b7 survey \u00b7 classify \u00b7 deduce \u00b7 experiment \u00b7 scrutinize \u00b7 discover \u00b7 inspect \u00b7 dissect \u00b7 discriminate \u00b7 separate<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Evaluating<\/td>\r\n<td>\n\nWith skills in evaluating, you are able to judge, check, and even critique the value of material for a given purpose.\r\n\r\n<em>At this level in college you will be able to think critically, Your understanding of a concept or discipline will be profound. You may need to present and defend opinions.<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td>judge \u00b7 assess \u00b7 compare \u00b7 evaluate \u00b7 conclude \u00b7 measure \u00b7 deduce \u00b7 argue \u00b7 decide \u00b7 choose \u00b7 rate \u00b7 select \u00b7 estimate \u00b7 validate \u00b7 consider \u00b7 appraise \u00b7 value \u00b7 criticize \u00b7 infer<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Creating<\/td>\r\n<td>\n\nWith skills in creating, you are able to put parts together to form a coherent or unique new whole. You can reorganize elements into a new pattern or structure through generating, planning, or producing.\r\n\r\n<em>Creating requires originality and inventiveness. It brings together all levels of learning to theorize, design, and test new products, concepts or functions.<\/em><\/td>\r\n<td>compose \u00b7 produce \u00b7 design \u00b7 assemble \u00b7 create \u00b7 prepare \u00b7 predict \u00b7 modify \u00b7 plan \u00b7 invent \u00b7 formulate \u00b7 collect \u00b7 generalize \u00b7 document combine \u00b7 relate \u00b7 propose \u00b7 develop \u00b7 arrange \u00b7 construct \u00b7 organize \u00b7 originate \u00b7 derive \u00b7 write \u00b7 propose<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\nYou can explore these concepts further in the two videos, below. The first is from the Center for Learning Success at the Louisiana State University. It discusses\u00a0Bloom's taxonomy learning levels with regard to student success in college.\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/Qfp3x_qx5IM\r\n\r\nThis next video, <em>Bloom\u2019s Taxonomy Featuring Harry Potter Movies<\/em>, is a culturally based\u00a0way of understanding and applying Bloom\u2019s taxonomy. You can download\u00a0a transcript of the video <a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/oerfiles\/College+Success+Lumen+Build\/Transcript+for+Bloom%27s+Taxonomy+and+Harry+Potter.docx\">here<\/a>.\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/TI4kZb0vLiY\r\n<h2>The Power of Thought<\/h2>\r\nFrom\u00a0Bloom\u2019s taxonomy of learning skills, you can see that thought and thinking can be understood as patterns\u2014systems and schemes within the mind. There is order and structure in the way we think and in the way we process and internalize information.\r\n\r\nAs we look at patterns of thought, we can also think about the power of thought. As a result of many amazing and potent research and discoveries, the scientific community is learning a great deal about how plastic, malleable, and constantly changing the brain is. For example, the act of thinking\u2014<em>just<\/em> thinking\u2014can affect not only the way your brain works but also its physical shape and structure. The following video explores some of these discoveries, which relate to all the thinking and thoughts involved in college success.\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-v-IMSKOtoE\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/assessments.lumenlearning.com\/assessments\/865\r\n<h2><\/h2>","rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1110\/2016\/02\/02025013\/15660921595_41b2d97deb_z.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-289\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-289\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1110\/2016\/02\/02025013\/15660921595_41b2d97deb_z.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of five students seated in class. All look deep in thought.\" width=\"700\" height=\"467\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it. \u2014Aristotle, Greek philosopher<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<p>By the end of this section, you will be able to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Identify different patterns of thought, such as those found in Bloom\u2019s taxonomy<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Discuss the relationship of each thought pattern to education<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>What Is Thought?<\/h2>\n<p>\u201c<em>Cogito ergo sum<\/em>.\u201d This famous Latin phrase comes from French philosopher Ren\u00e9 Descartes in the early 1600s. Translated into English, it means &#8220;I think, therefore I am.&#8221; It&#8217;s actually a profound philosophical idea, and people have argued about it for centuries: we exist, and we are aware that we exist, because we think. Without thought or the ability to think, we don&#8217;t exist. Do you agree? Even if you think Descartes got it wrong, most would say that thought is intimately connected to being human and that, as humans, we are all thinking beings.<\/p>\n<p>What, then, are thinking and thought? Below are some basic working definitions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Thinking<\/strong> is the mental process you use to form associations and models of the world. When you think, you manipulate information to form concepts, to engage in problem-solving, to reason, and to make decisions.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Thought\u00a0<\/strong>can be described as the act of thinking that produces thoughts, which arise\u00a0as ideas, images, sounds, or even emotions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Many great thinkers and theorists have dedicated their lives to the study of thought, trying to understand exactly how humans\u00a0receive, absorb, generate, and transmit thought\u2014and also how they learn.\u00a0One such thinker was Benjamin Bloom, an American educational psychologist who was particularly interested how people learn. In 1956, Dr. Bloom chaired a committee of educators that developed\u00a0and classified a set of learning objectives, which came to be known as Bloom&#8217;s taxonomy.\u00a0This classification system has been updated a little since it was first developed, but it remains important\u00a0for both students and teachers in helping to understand the skills and structures involved in learning.<\/p>\n<h3>What Are Learning Objectives?<\/h3>\n<p>What exactly are learning objectives? You may have already noticed them\u2014like the ones at the top of this page\u2014throughout this course. Learning objectives\u00a0are <em>goals<\/em>\u00a0that specify what someone will know, care about, or be able to do as a result of a learning experience. These learning skills can be divided into three main categories or \u201cdomains\u201d: the <strong>cognitive domain<\/strong> (what you should know), the <strong>affective domain<\/strong> (what you should care about), and the <strong>psychomotor domain<\/strong> (what you should be able to do).<\/p>\n<p>Since this section of the course is focused on patterns of thought, we&#8217;ll start with the cognitive domain of learning.<\/p>\n<h3>The Cognitive Domain of Learning<\/h3>\n<p>The cognitive domain of learning is divided into six main learning-skill levels, or learning-skill stages, which are arranged hierarchically\u2014moving from the simplest of functions like remembering and understanding, to more complex learning skills, like applying and analyzing, to the most complex skills\u2014evaluating and creating. The lower levels are more straightforward and fundamental, and the higher levels are more sophisticated.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Wilson, Leslie Owen. &quot;Anderson and Krathwohl - Bloom's Taxonomy Revised.&quot; The Second Principle. 2013. Web. 10 Feb 2016.\" id=\"return-footnote-287-1\" href=\"#footnote-287-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a> See Figure 1, below.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_292\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1110\/2016\/02\/02025014\/5857112597_eb3787e9c1_z.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-292\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-292\" class=\"wp-image-292 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1110\/2016\/02\/02025014\/5857112597_eb3787e9c1_z.jpg\" alt=\"Triangle chart, labeled The New Version of Bloom's Taxonomy. The largest bottom layer is Remembering, then Understanding, Applying, Analyzing, Evaluating, and Creating at the top.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-292\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>The following\u00a0table describes\u00a0the six main skill sets within the cognitive domain.<\/p>\n<div>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>MAIN SKILL LEVELS WITHIN THE COGNITIVE DOMAIN<\/th>\n<th>DESCRIPTION<\/th>\n<th>EXAMPLES OF RELATED LEARNING SKILLS (specific actions related to the skill set)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Remembering<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>When you are skilled in remembering, you can recognize or recall knowledge you&#8217;ve already gained, and you can use it to produce or retrieve or recite definitions, facts, and lists.<\/p>\n<p><em>Remembering may be how you studied in grade school or high school, but college will require you to do more with the information.<\/em><\/td>\n<td>identify \u00b7 relate \u00b7 list \u00b7 \u00a0define \u00b7 recall \u00b7 memorize \u00b7 repeat \u00b7 record \u00b7 name<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Understanding<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Understanding is the ability to grasp or construct meaning from oral, written, and graphic messages.<\/p>\n<p><em>Each college course will introduce you to new concepts, terms, processes, and functions. Once you gain a firm understanding of new information, you\u2019ll find it easier, perhaps later, to comprehend how or why something works.<\/em><\/td>\n<td>restate \u00b7 locate \u00b7 report \u00b7 recognize \u00b7 explain \u00b7 express \u00b7 identify \u00b7 discuss \u00b7 describe \u00b7 discuss \u00b7 review \u00b7 infer \u00b7 illustrate \u00b7 interpret \u00b7 draw \u00b7 represent \u00b7 differentiate \u00b7 conclude<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Applying<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>When you apply, you use learned material (or you implement the material) in new and concrete situations.<\/p>\n<p><em>In college you will be tested or assessed on what you&#8217;ve learned in the previous levels. You will be asked to solve problems in new situations by applying understanding in new ways. You may need to relate abstract ideas to practical situations.<\/em><\/td>\n<td>apply \u00b7 relate \u00b7 develop \u00b7 translate \u00b7 use \u00b7 operate \u00b7 organize \u00b7 employ \u00b7 restructure \u00b7 interpret \u00b7 demonstrate \u00b7 illustrate \u00b7 practice \u00b7 calculate \u00b7 show \u00b7 exhibit \u00b7 dramatize<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Analyzing<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>When you analyze, you have the ability to break down or distinguish the parts of material into its components, so that its organizational structure may be better understood.<\/p>\n<p><em>At this level, you will have a clearer sense that you comprehend the content well. You will be able to answer questions such as what if, or why, or how something would work.<\/em><\/td>\n<td>analyze \u00b7 compare \u00b7 probe \u00b7 inquire \u00b7 examine \u00b7 contrast \u00b7 categorize \u00b7 differentiate \u00b7 contrast \u00b7 investigate \u00b7 detect \u00b7 survey \u00b7 classify \u00b7 deduce \u00b7 experiment \u00b7 scrutinize \u00b7 discover \u00b7 inspect \u00b7 dissect \u00b7 discriminate \u00b7 separate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Evaluating<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>With skills in evaluating, you are able to judge, check, and even critique the value of material for a given purpose.<\/p>\n<p><em>At this level in college you will be able to think critically, Your understanding of a concept or discipline will be profound. You may need to present and defend opinions.<\/em><\/td>\n<td>judge \u00b7 assess \u00b7 compare \u00b7 evaluate \u00b7 conclude \u00b7 measure \u00b7 deduce \u00b7 argue \u00b7 decide \u00b7 choose \u00b7 rate \u00b7 select \u00b7 estimate \u00b7 validate \u00b7 consider \u00b7 appraise \u00b7 value \u00b7 criticize \u00b7 infer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Creating<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>With skills in creating, you are able to put parts together to form a coherent or unique new whole. You can reorganize elements into a new pattern or structure through generating, planning, or producing.<\/p>\n<p><em>Creating requires originality and inventiveness. It brings together all levels of learning to theorize, design, and test new products, concepts or functions.<\/em><\/td>\n<td>compose \u00b7 produce \u00b7 design \u00b7 assemble \u00b7 create \u00b7 prepare \u00b7 predict \u00b7 modify \u00b7 plan \u00b7 invent \u00b7 formulate \u00b7 collect \u00b7 generalize \u00b7 document combine \u00b7 relate \u00b7 propose \u00b7 develop \u00b7 arrange \u00b7 construct \u00b7 organize \u00b7 originate \u00b7 derive \u00b7 write \u00b7 propose<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>You can explore these concepts further in the two videos, below. The first is from the Center for Learning Success at the Louisiana State University. It discusses\u00a0Bloom&#8217;s taxonomy learning levels with regard to student success in college.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Bloom&#39;s Taxonomy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Qfp3x_qx5IM?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>This next video, <em>Bloom\u2019s Taxonomy Featuring Harry Potter Movies<\/em>, is a culturally based\u00a0way of understanding and applying Bloom\u2019s taxonomy. You can download\u00a0a transcript of the video <a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/oerfiles\/College+Success+Lumen+Build\/Transcript+for+Bloom%27s+Taxonomy+and+Harry+Potter.docx\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-2\" title=\"Bloom&#39;s Taxonomy feat Harry Potter.m4v\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/TI4kZb0vLiY?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>The Power of Thought<\/h2>\n<p>From\u00a0Bloom\u2019s taxonomy of learning skills, you can see that thought and thinking can be understood as patterns\u2014systems and schemes within the mind. There is order and structure in the way we think and in the way we process and internalize information.<\/p>\n<p>As we look at patterns of thought, we can also think about the power of thought. As a result of many amazing and potent research and discoveries, the scientific community is learning a great deal about how plastic, malleable, and constantly changing the brain is. For example, the act of thinking\u2014<em>just<\/em> thinking\u2014can affect not only the way your brain works but also its physical shape and structure. The following video explores some of these discoveries, which relate to all the thinking and thoughts involved in college success.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-3\" title=\"The Scientific Power of Thought\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/-v-IMSKOtoE?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"lumen_assessment_865\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assessments.lumenlearning.com\/assessments\/load?assessment_id=865&#38;embed=1&#38;external_user_id=&#38;external_context_id=&#38;iframe_resize_id=lumen_assessment_865\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:400px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-287\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Patterns of Thought. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Linda Bruce. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Image of students in class. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: roanokecollege. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/pRUjnz\">https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/pRUjnz<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Thought. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Wikipedia. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thought\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thought<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Bloom&#039;s Taxonomy. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Wikipedia. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bloom%27s_taxonomy\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bloom%27s_taxonomy<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Image of The New Version of Bloom&#039;s Taxonomy. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Andrea Hernandez. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/9VzevX\">https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/9VzevX<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">All rights reserved content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Bloom&#039;s Taxonomy. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: LSU Center for Academic Success. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/Qfp3x_qx5IM\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/Qfp3x_qx5IM<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><li>Bloom&#039;s Taxonomy feat Harry Potter.m4v. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Amanda Rusco. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/TI4kZb0vLiY\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/TI4kZb0vLiY<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><li>The Scientific Power of Thought. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: AsapSCIENCE. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/-v-IMSKOtoE\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/-v-IMSKOtoE<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section><hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-287-1\">Wilson, Leslie Owen. \"Anderson and Krathwohl - Bloom's Taxonomy Revised.\" <em>The Second Principle<\/em>. 2013. Web. 10 Feb 2016. <a href=\"#return-footnote-287-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":277,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Image of students in class\",\"author\":\"roanokecollege\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/pRUjnz\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Thought\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thought\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Bloom\\'s Taxonomy\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bloom%27s_taxonomy\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Image of The New Version of Bloom\\'s Taxonomy\",\"author\":\"Andrea Hernandez\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/9VzevX\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Bloom\\'s Taxonomy\",\"author\":\"LSU Center for Academic Success\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/Qfp3x_qx5IM\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"arr\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube License\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Bloom\\'s Taxonomy feat Harry Potter.m4v\",\"author\":\"Amanda Rusco\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/TI4kZb0vLiY\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"arr\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube License\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"The Scientific Power of Thought\",\"author\":\"AsapSCIENCE\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/-v-IMSKOtoE\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"arr\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube License\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Patterns of Thought\",\"author\":\"Linda Bruce\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-287","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":131,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/287","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/277"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/287\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1309,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/287\/revisions\/1309"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/131"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/287\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=287"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=287"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=287"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=287"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}