{"id":316,"date":"2016-02-15T21:28:34","date_gmt":"2016-02-15T21:28:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/lumencollegesuccess\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=316"},"modified":"2016-04-11T22:18:57","modified_gmt":"2016-04-11T22:18:57","slug":"the-role-of-memory","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/chapter\/the-role-of-memory\/","title":{"raw":"The Role of Memory","rendered":"The Role of Memory"},"content":{"raw":"<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1110\/2016\/04\/11185140\/8922138581_01b521557e_k.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-960\"><img class=\"wp-image-960 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1110\/2016\/04\/11185140\/8922138581_01b521557e_k-1024x679.jpg\" alt=\"Color photo of a carrousel and a ferris wheel.\" width=\"700\" height=\"464\" \/><\/a>\r\n<blockquote>Memory is more indelible than ink.\u00a0\u2015Anita Loos, author and screenwriter<\/blockquote>\r\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\nBy the end of this section, you will be able to:\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Describe strategies\u00a0for deciding\u00a0which course content\u00a0to learn and retain<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Differentiate between short-term and long-term memory, and describe the role of each in effective studying<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Identify\u00a0memory-strengthening strategies<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n\r\n<em>Jennifer felt anxious about an upcoming history exam. This would be her first test\u00a0in a college class, and she wanted to do well. Jennifer took lots of notes during class and while reading the textbook. In preparation for the exam, she had tried to review all five textbook chapters along with all of her notes.\u00a0<\/em>\r\n\r\n<em>The morning of the exam, Jennifer felt nervous and unprepared. After so much studying and review, why wasn't she more confident?\u00a0<\/em>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Knowing What\u00a0to\u00a0Know<\/h2>\r\nJennifer\u2019s situation shows\u00a0that there really is such a thing as studying\u00a0too much. Her mistake was in trying to master <em>all<\/em> of the course material.\u00a0Whether you take one or more than one class, it's simply impossible to\u00a0retain every single\u00a0particle of information\u00a0you encounter in\u00a0a textbook or lecture. And, instructors don't generally\u00a0give\u00a0open-book exams or allow their students to\u00a0preview the\u00a0quizzes or tests ahead of time. So, how can you\u00a0decide what to study and \"know what to know\"? The answer is to prioritize what you're trying to learn and memorize, rather than trying to tackle all of it. Below are some strategies\u00a0to help you do this.\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Think about concepts rather than\u00a0facts<\/strong>: From time to time, you'll need to memorize cold, hard facts\u2014like\u00a0a list of math\u00a0equations\u00a0or a vocabulary list in\u00a0a Spanish class. Most of the time, though, instructors will care much more that you are learning about the key\u00a0concepts in a subject or course\u2014i.e., how photosynthesis works, how to write a thesis statement, the causes of the French Revolution, and so on. For example, Jennifer might have been more successful with her studying\u2014and felt better\u00a0about it\u2014if she had focused on the important historical developments (the \"big ideas\") discussed in class, as opposed to trying to memorize a long list of dates and facts.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Take cues from your instructor<\/strong>: Pay attention to what your instructor writes on the board or includes in study guides and handouts. Although these may be short\u2014just a list of words and phrases, say\u2014they are likely core concepts that you'll want to focus on. Also, instructors\u00a0tend to refer to important concepts repeatedly during class, and they may even tell you what's important to know before an exam or other assessment.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Look for key terms<\/strong>: Textbooks will often put key terms in bold or italics. These terms and their definitions are usually\u00a0important and can\u00a0help you remember larger\u00a0concepts.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Use summaries<\/strong>: Textbooks often have summaries or study guides at the end of\u00a0each chapter. These summaries are a good way to check in and see whether you grasp the main\u00a0elements of the reading. If no summary is available, try to\u00a0write your own\u2014you'll learn much more by writing about what you read than by reading alone.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Activity: Identifying the Main Course Content<\/h3>\r\n<h4>Objectives<\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Describe strategies\u00a0for deciding\u00a0which course content\u00a0to learn and retain<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h4>Directions<\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Describe several\u00a0situations in which you struggled to learn and retain new material in a class. Was there a particular type of content that was more challenging compared with\u00a0others?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Explain at least two strategies for identifying the main course content that you could use moving forward for studying.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Follow your instructor\u2019s guidelines for submitting your assignment.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Short-Term and Long-Term Memory<\/h2>\r\nSometimes students will feel confident understanding new material they just learned. Then, weeks later before an exam, they find that they can only remember what the instructor covered during the last few days\u2014the earlier material has vanished from the mind! What happened? Chances are that they\u00a0didn't\u00a0consistently and regularly review the material, and what they initially learned never made it to long-term memory.\r\n\r\nResearch indicates that people forget 80 percent of what they learn only a day later.[footnote]Student Counseling Service.\u00a0\"Long and Short Term Memory.\" The University of Chicago. 2016. Web. 10 Feb 2016.[\/footnote] This statistic may\u00a0not sound very encouraging, given all that you're expected\u00a0to learn and remember\u00a0as a college student. Really, though, it points to the importance of a different studying approach\u2014besides waiting until\u00a0the night before a final exam to review a semester's worth of readings and notes. When you learn something new, the goal is to \"lock it in\"\u00a0and move it from short-term memory, where it starts out, to long-term memory, where it can be accessed much later (like at the end of the semester or maybe years from now). Below are some\u00a0strategies for transferring short-term memory to\u00a0long-term memory:\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Start reviewing new material immediately<\/strong>: Remember that people typically forget a significant amount of new information not too long after learning it. As a student, you can benefit from starting to study new material right away. If you're introduced to new concepts in class, for example, don't wait to start reviewing your notes and doing the\u00a0related reading assignments\u2014the sooner the better.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Study frequently for shorter periods of time<\/strong>: Once information becomes a part of long-term memory, you're\u00a0more likely to remember it. If you want to improve the odds of recalling course material by the time of an\u00a0exam (or a future class, say), try reviewing it a little bit every day.\u00a0Building up your knowledge and recall this way can also help you avoid needing to \"cram\" and feeling overwhelmed by everything you've may have forgotten.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Use repetition<\/strong>: This strategy is linked to\u00a0studying material frequently for shorter periods of time. You may\u00a0not remember when or how you learned skills like riding a bike or tying your shoes. Mastery came with practice, and at some point the skills became second nature. Academic learning is no different: If you spend enough time with important course concepts and practice them often, you will know them in the same way you know how to ride a bike\u2014almost without thinking about them.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_318\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"640\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1110\/2016\/02\/02025027\/8368754620_3ab76c749f_z.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-318\"><img class=\"wp-image-318 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1110\/2016\/02\/02025027\/8368754620_3ab76c749f_z.jpg\" alt=\"Photo looking over shoulder of young woman writing in a small notebook on a table\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" \/><\/a> Studying notes and writing questions or comments about what you learned right after class can help keep new information fresh in your mind.[\/caption]\r\n<h2>Strengthening Your Memory<\/h2>\r\nWe've discussed the importance of zeroing in on the main concepts you learn in class and of transferring them\u00a0from short-term to long-term memory. But how can you work to strengthen your overall memory? Some people\u00a0have stronger memories than others, but memorizing new information takes work for anyone. Below\u00a0are some strategies that can aid memory:\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Incorporate visuals<\/strong>: Visual aids like note cards, concept maps, and highlighted text\u00a0are ways of making information stand out. Because they are shorter and more concise, they have the advantage of making the information to be memorized seem more manageable and less daunting (than an entire textbook chapter, for example). Some students write key terms on note cards and hang them around their desk or mirror so that they routinely see them and study them without even trying.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Create mnemonics<\/strong>: Memory devices known as mnemonics can help students retain information while only needing to remember a unique phrase or letter pattern that stands out. For example, the mnemonic \u201cROYGBIV\u201d could help students remember the order of the colors of a rainbow (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet).<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Get quality\u00a0sleep<\/strong>: Although some people require more or less sleep than the recommended amount, most people should aim for six\u2013eight hours every\u00a0night. School puts a lot of demands on the brain, and, like tired\u00a0muscles after a long workout, your\u00a0brain needs to rest after being exercised and taking in all sorts of new information during the day. A good night's rest can\u00a0helps you\u00a0remember more and feel prepared for learning the next day.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Connect new information to old information<\/strong>: Take stock of what you already know\u2014information that's already stored in long-term memory\u2014and use it\u00a0as a foundation for learning newer information. It's easier to remember new information if you can connect it to old information or to a familiar frame of reference. For example, if you are taking a sociology class and are learning about different types of social groups, you may\u00a0be able to think of examples from your own experience that relate to the different types.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nMemory also relies on effective studying behaviors, like choosing where you study, how you study, and with whom you study. The following video provides specific studying strategies that can improve\u00a0your memory.\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/V27wtqYYCsk\r\nhttps:\/\/assessments.lumenlearning.com\/assessments\/872","rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1110\/2016\/04\/11185140\/8922138581_01b521557e_k.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-960\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-960 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1110\/2016\/04\/11185140\/8922138581_01b521557e_k-1024x679.jpg\" alt=\"Color photo of a carrousel and a ferris wheel.\" width=\"700\" height=\"464\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Memory is more indelible than ink.\u00a0\u2015Anita Loos, author and screenwriter<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<p>By the end of this section, you will be able to:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Describe strategies\u00a0for deciding\u00a0which course content\u00a0to learn and retain<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Differentiate between short-term and long-term memory, and describe the role of each in effective studying<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Identify\u00a0memory-strengthening strategies<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p><em>Jennifer felt anxious about an upcoming history exam. This would be her first test\u00a0in a college class, and she wanted to do well. Jennifer took lots of notes during class and while reading the textbook. In preparation for the exam, she had tried to review all five textbook chapters along with all of her notes.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>The morning of the exam, Jennifer felt nervous and unprepared. After so much studying and review, why wasn&#8217;t she more confident?\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Knowing What\u00a0to\u00a0Know<\/h2>\n<p>Jennifer\u2019s situation shows\u00a0that there really is such a thing as studying\u00a0too much. Her mistake was in trying to master <em>all<\/em> of the course material.\u00a0Whether you take one or more than one class, it&#8217;s simply impossible to\u00a0retain every single\u00a0particle of information\u00a0you encounter in\u00a0a textbook or lecture. And, instructors don&#8217;t generally\u00a0give\u00a0open-book exams or allow their students to\u00a0preview the\u00a0quizzes or tests ahead of time. So, how can you\u00a0decide what to study and &#8220;know what to know&#8221;? The answer is to prioritize what you&#8217;re trying to learn and memorize, rather than trying to tackle all of it. Below are some strategies\u00a0to help you do this.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Think about concepts rather than\u00a0facts<\/strong>: From time to time, you&#8217;ll need to memorize cold, hard facts\u2014like\u00a0a list of math\u00a0equations\u00a0or a vocabulary list in\u00a0a Spanish class. Most of the time, though, instructors will care much more that you are learning about the key\u00a0concepts in a subject or course\u2014i.e., how photosynthesis works, how to write a thesis statement, the causes of the French Revolution, and so on. For example, Jennifer might have been more successful with her studying\u2014and felt better\u00a0about it\u2014if she had focused on the important historical developments (the &#8220;big ideas&#8221;) discussed in class, as opposed to trying to memorize a long list of dates and facts.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Take cues from your instructor<\/strong>: Pay attention to what your instructor writes on the board or includes in study guides and handouts. Although these may be short\u2014just a list of words and phrases, say\u2014they are likely core concepts that you&#8217;ll want to focus on. Also, instructors\u00a0tend to refer to important concepts repeatedly during class, and they may even tell you what&#8217;s important to know before an exam or other assessment.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Look for key terms<\/strong>: Textbooks will often put key terms in bold or italics. These terms and their definitions are usually\u00a0important and can\u00a0help you remember larger\u00a0concepts.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Use summaries<\/strong>: Textbooks often have summaries or study guides at the end of\u00a0each chapter. These summaries are a good way to check in and see whether you grasp the main\u00a0elements of the reading. If no summary is available, try to\u00a0write your own\u2014you&#8217;ll learn much more by writing about what you read than by reading alone.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Activity: Identifying the Main Course Content<\/h3>\n<h4>Objectives<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Describe strategies\u00a0for deciding\u00a0which course content\u00a0to learn and retain<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Directions<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Describe several\u00a0situations in which you struggled to learn and retain new material in a class. Was there a particular type of content that was more challenging compared with\u00a0others?<\/li>\n<li>Explain at least two strategies for identifying the main course content that you could use moving forward for studying.<\/li>\n<li>Follow your instructor\u2019s guidelines for submitting your assignment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Short-Term and Long-Term Memory<\/h2>\n<p>Sometimes students will feel confident understanding new material they just learned. Then, weeks later before an exam, they find that they can only remember what the instructor covered during the last few days\u2014the earlier material has vanished from the mind! What happened? Chances are that they\u00a0didn&#8217;t\u00a0consistently and regularly review the material, and what they initially learned never made it to long-term memory.<\/p>\n<p>Research indicates that people forget 80 percent of what they learn only a day later.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Student Counseling Service.\u00a0&quot;Long and Short Term Memory.&quot; The University of Chicago. 2016. Web. 10 Feb 2016.\" id=\"return-footnote-316-1\" href=\"#footnote-316-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a> This statistic may\u00a0not sound very encouraging, given all that you&#8217;re expected\u00a0to learn and remember\u00a0as a college student. Really, though, it points to the importance of a different studying approach\u2014besides waiting until\u00a0the night before a final exam to review a semester&#8217;s worth of readings and notes. When you learn something new, the goal is to &#8220;lock it in&#8221;\u00a0and move it from short-term memory, where it starts out, to long-term memory, where it can be accessed much later (like at the end of the semester or maybe years from now). Below are some\u00a0strategies for transferring short-term memory to\u00a0long-term memory:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Start reviewing new material immediately<\/strong>: Remember that people typically forget a significant amount of new information not too long after learning it. As a student, you can benefit from starting to study new material right away. If you&#8217;re introduced to new concepts in class, for example, don&#8217;t wait to start reviewing your notes and doing the\u00a0related reading assignments\u2014the sooner the better.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Study frequently for shorter periods of time<\/strong>: Once information becomes a part of long-term memory, you&#8217;re\u00a0more likely to remember it. If you want to improve the odds of recalling course material by the time of an\u00a0exam (or a future class, say), try reviewing it a little bit every day.\u00a0Building up your knowledge and recall this way can also help you avoid needing to &#8220;cram&#8221; and feeling overwhelmed by everything you&#8217;ve may have forgotten.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Use repetition<\/strong>: This strategy is linked to\u00a0studying material frequently for shorter periods of time. You may\u00a0not remember when or how you learned skills like riding a bike or tying your shoes. Mastery came with practice, and at some point the skills became second nature. Academic learning is no different: If you spend enough time with important course concepts and practice them often, you will know them in the same way you know how to ride a bike\u2014almost without thinking about them.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_318\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1110\/2016\/02\/02025027\/8368754620_3ab76c749f_z.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-318\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-318\" class=\"wp-image-318 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1110\/2016\/02\/02025027\/8368754620_3ab76c749f_z.jpg\" alt=\"Photo looking over shoulder of young woman writing in a small notebook on a table\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-318\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Studying notes and writing questions or comments about what you learned right after class can help keep new information fresh in your mind.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Strengthening Your Memory<\/h2>\n<p>We&#8217;ve discussed the importance of zeroing in on the main concepts you learn in class and of transferring them\u00a0from short-term to long-term memory. But how can you work to strengthen your overall memory? Some people\u00a0have stronger memories than others, but memorizing new information takes work for anyone. Below\u00a0are some strategies that can aid memory:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Incorporate visuals<\/strong>: Visual aids like note cards, concept maps, and highlighted text\u00a0are ways of making information stand out. Because they are shorter and more concise, they have the advantage of making the information to be memorized seem more manageable and less daunting (than an entire textbook chapter, for example). Some students write key terms on note cards and hang them around their desk or mirror so that they routinely see them and study them without even trying.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Create mnemonics<\/strong>: Memory devices known as mnemonics can help students retain information while only needing to remember a unique phrase or letter pattern that stands out. For example, the mnemonic \u201cROYGBIV\u201d could help students remember the order of the colors of a rainbow (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet).<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Get quality\u00a0sleep<\/strong>: Although some people require more or less sleep than the recommended amount, most people should aim for six\u2013eight hours every\u00a0night. School puts a lot of demands on the brain, and, like tired\u00a0muscles after a long workout, your\u00a0brain needs to rest after being exercised and taking in all sorts of new information during the day. A good night&#8217;s rest can\u00a0helps you\u00a0remember more and feel prepared for learning the next day.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Connect new information to old information<\/strong>: Take stock of what you already know\u2014information that&#8217;s already stored in long-term memory\u2014and use it\u00a0as a foundation for learning newer information. It&#8217;s easier to remember new information if you can connect it to old information or to a familiar frame of reference. For example, if you are taking a sociology class and are learning about different types of social groups, you may\u00a0be able to think of examples from your own experience that relate to the different types.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Memory also relies on effective studying behaviors, like choosing where you study, how you study, and with whom you study. The following video provides specific studying strategies that can improve\u00a0your memory.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"&quot;Studying Advice: Tips for College Students&quot; StudentMentor.org&#39;s Student Video Blog Series\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/V27wtqYYCsk?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><br \/>\n\t<iframe id=\"lumen_assessment_872\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assessments.lumenlearning.com\/assessments\/load?assessment_id=872&#38;embed=1&#38;external_user_id=&#38;external_context_id=&#38;iframe_resize_id=lumen_assessment_872\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:400px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-316\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Role of Memory. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Jolene Carr. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Fade out Memories. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: halfrain. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/halfrain\/8922138581\/\">https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/halfrain\/8922138581\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Studying Advice: Tips for College Students StudentMentor.org&#039;s Student Video Blog Series. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: StudentMentor.org on YouTube. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/V27wtqYYCsk\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/V27wtqYYCsk<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">Public domain content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Image of writing in a notebook. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: The LEAF Project. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/dKw4bL\">https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/dKw4bL<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/about\/pdm\">Public Domain: No Known Copyright<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section><hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-316-1\">Student Counseling Service.\u00a0\"Long and Short Term Memory.\" The University of Chicago. 2016. Web. 10 Feb 2016. <a href=\"#return-footnote-316-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":277,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Fade out Memories\",\"author\":\"halfrain\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/halfrain\/8922138581\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"pd\",\"description\":\"Image of writing in a notebook\",\"author\":\"The LEAF Project\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/dKw4bL\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"pd\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Studying Advice: Tips for College Students StudentMentor.org\\'s Student Video Blog Series\",\"author\":\"StudentMentor.org on YouTube\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/V27wtqYYCsk\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Role of Memory\",\"author\":\"Jolene Carr\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-316","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":132,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/316","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/277"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/316\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":967,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/316\/revisions\/967"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/132"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/316\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=316"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=316"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=316"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=316"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}