{"id":322,"date":"2016-02-15T21:54:20","date_gmt":"2016-02-15T21:54:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/lumencollegesuccess\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=322"},"modified":"2016-04-12T21:00:47","modified_gmt":"2016-04-12T21:00:47","slug":"active-engagement","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/chapter\/active-engagement\/","title":{"raw":"Active Learning","rendered":"Active Learning"},"content":{"raw":"<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1110\/2016\/02\/02025028\/8596885627_76002aee77_z.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-323\"><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-323\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1110\/2016\/02\/02025028\/8596885627_76002aee77_z.jpg\" alt=\"Illustration of layers of mathematical equations written on a chalkboard. The topmost layer is glowing white and only barely legible\" width=\"700\" height=\"536\" \/><\/a>\r\n<blockquote>We learn more by looking for the answer to a question and not finding it than we do from learning the answer itself. \u2014Lloyd Alexander, author<\/blockquote>\r\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\nBy the end of this section, you will be able to:\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Define active learning<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Explain the value of hands-on, interactive learning<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Identify resources for applying active learning strategies to your studies, both in and out of the classroom<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n\r\n<em>Megan is currently taking two classes: geology and American literature. In her\u00a0geology\u00a0class, the instructor lectures for the full class time\u00a0and gives reading assignments. In Megan\u2019s literature class, however, the instructor relies on\u00a0class discussions, small group discussions, and occasionally even review games. Megan enjoys her literature class, but she struggles to feel\u00a0engaged and interested in geology. <\/em>\r\n\r\n<em>What strategies\u00a0can Megan use\u00a0to stay motivated and involved\u00a0in both of her courses?<\/em>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Active Learning in Class<\/h2>\r\nThink about the college classes you've taken so far. Like Megan, you may feel like it's a mixed bag: you probably enjoyed the courses\u00a0with a variety of\u00a0teaching styles and learning activities the most. Even if you're a quieter, more reserved student who dislikes lots of group discussions, you probably prefer to have\u00a0<em>some<\/em> class projects or writing assignments rather than\u00a0lectures alone. Group projects, discussions, and writing are examples of active learning, because they involve <em>doing<\/em> something. Active learning happens when students\u00a0participate in their education through\u00a0activities that enhance learning. Those activities may involve just thinking about what you're learning. Active learning\u00a0can take place both in and out of the classroom. The following are examples of activities that can\u00a0facilitate\u00a0active engagement in the classroom.\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Class discussions<\/strong>: Class discussions can help students stay focused\u00a0because they\u00a0feature\u00a0different voices besides\u00a0that of the\u00a0instructor. Students can also hear one\u00a0another\u2019s questions and comments and learn from one\u00a0another. Such\u00a0discussions may involve the entire class, or the instructor may organize smaller groups, giving\u00a0quieter students a greater chance to talk. Another method\u00a0is to create online discussion boards so that students have more time to develop their ideas and comments and keep the conversation going.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Writing assignments<\/strong>: Instructors may\u00a0ask students to write short\u00a0reaction papers or journal entries about lessons or reading assignments. Such\u00a0assignments can help students review or reflect on what they just learned to help them understand\u00a0and remember the material, and also provide a means of\u00a0communicating questions and concerns to\u00a0their instructors.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Student-led teaching<\/strong>: Many instructors believe that a true test of whether students understand concepts is being able to\u00a0teach the material to others. For that reason, instructors will sometimes have students work in\u00a0groups and research a topic\u00a0or review assigned readings, and then prepare a minipresentation and teach it to the rest of the class. This activity can help students feel more accountable for their learning and work harder, since classmates will be relying\u00a0on them.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_324\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"640\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1110\/2016\/02\/02025030\/4947091025_0b1a31c0cd_z.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-324\"><img class=\"wp-image-324 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1110\/2016\/02\/02025030\/4947091025_0b1a31c0cd_z.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of a group of students sitting in a circle on a lawn outside of a campus building, while other students stream around them\" width=\"640\" height=\"419\" \/><\/a> Group discussions are examples of active learning that encourage students to participate in their education.[\/caption]\r\n<h2>Active Learning on Your Own<\/h2>\r\nMany instructors\u00a0conduct their classes mainly through lectures. The lecture remains the most pervasive teaching format across the field of higher education. One reason is that the lecture is an efficient way for the instructor to control the content, organization, and pace of a presentation, particularly in a large group. However, there are drawbacks to this \"information-transfer\" approach, where the instructor does all the talking and the students quietly listen: student have a hard time paying attention from start to finish; the mind wanders. Also, current cognitive science research shows that adult learners need an opportunity to practice newfound skills and newly introduced content. Lectures can set the stage for that interaction or\u00a0practice, but\u00a0lectures alone don't foster\u00a0student mastery. While instructors typically speak\u00a0100\u2013200 words per minute, students hear only 50\u2013100 of them. Moreover, studies show that students retain 70 percent of what they hear during the first ten minutes of class and only 20 percent of what they hear during the last ten minutes of class.[footnote]Columbia University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Teaching Center.\u00a0\"Active Learning.\" Columbia.edu. n.d. Web. 10 Feb 2016.[\/footnote]\r\n\r\nThus it is especially\u00a0important for students in lecture-based courses to engage in active learning outside of the classroom. But it's also true for other kinds of college courses\u2014including the\u00a0ones that have\u00a0active learning opportunities in class.\u00a0Why? Because college students spend more time working (and learning) independently and less time in the classroom with the instructor and peers. Also, much of one's coursework consists of reading and writing assignments. How can these learning activities be active? The following are very effective\u00a0strategies to help you be more engaged with, and get more out of, the learning you do outside the classroom:\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Write in your books<\/strong>: You\u00a0can underline and circle key terms, or write questions and comments in the margins of their books. The writing serves as a visual aid for studying and makes it easier for you\u00a0to remember what you've\u00a0read or what you'd\u00a0like to discuss in class. If you are borrowing a book or want to keep it unmarked so you can resell it later, try writing key words and notes on Post-its and sticking\u00a0them on the relevant pages.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Annotate a text<\/strong>: Annotations typically mean writing a brief summary of a text and recording the works-cited information (title, author, publisher, etc.). This is a great way to \"digest\" and evaluate the sources you're collecting for a research paper, but it's also invaluable for shorter assignments\u00a0and texts, since it requires you to actively think and write about what you read. The activity, below, will give\u00a0you practice annotating texts.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Create mind maps<\/strong>: Mind maps are effective visuals tools for students, as they highlight the main points of readings or lessons. Think of a mind map as an outline with more graphics than words. For example, if\u00a0a student were\u00a0reading an article about America\u2019s First Ladies, she might write, \u201cFirst Ladies\u201d in a large circle in the center of a piece of paper. Connected to the middle circle would be lines or arrows leading to smaller circles with\u00a0visual representations of the women discussed\u00a0in the article. Then, these circles might branch out to even smaller circles containing the attributes of each of these women.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThe following video discusses the process of creating mind maps further and shows how they can be a helpful strategy for active engagement:\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/L0XzZCd2tPE\r\n\r\nIn addition to the strategies described above, the following are additional ways to engage in active reading and learning:\r\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\r\n\t<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Work when you are fully awake, and give yourself enough time to read a text\u00a0more than once. \u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s3\">\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\r\n\t<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Read with a pen or highlighter in hand, and underline or highlight significant ideas as you read.<\/span><span class=\"s3\">\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\r\n\t<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Interact with the ideas in the margins (<\/span><span class=\"s4\">summarize<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> ideas; ask <\/span><span class=\"s4\">questions<\/span><span class=\"s2\">; <\/span><span class=\"s4\">paraphrase<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> difficult sentences; make personal <\/span><span class=\"s4\">connections<\/span><span class=\"s2\">; <\/span><span class=\"s4\">answer<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> questions asked earlier; <\/span><span class=\"s4\">challenge<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> the author; etc.).<\/span><span class=\"s3\">\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\r\n\t<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">As you read, keep the following in mind :<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li class=\"li1\">What is the <b>CONTEXT<\/b> in which this text\u00a0was written? (This writing contributes to what\u00a0<span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">topic, discussion, or controversy? \u00a0Context is <\/span><b style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">bigger<\/b><span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"> than this one written text.)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"li1\">Who is the intended <b>AUDIENCE<\/b>? (There\u2019s often more than one intended audience.)<\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"li1\">What is the author\u2019s <b>PURPOSE<\/b>? To entertain? To explain? To persuade? \u00a0(There\u2019s usually\u00a0<span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">more than one purpose, and essays almost always have an element of persuasion.)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"li1\">How is this writing <b>ORGANIZED<\/b>? Compare and contrast? Classification? Chronological? \u00a0<span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">Cause and effect? \u00a0(There\u2019s often more than one organizational form.)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"li1\">What is the author\u2019s <b>TONE<\/b>? (What are the emotions behind the words? Are there places where the tone changes or shifts?<span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"li1\">What <b>TOOLS<\/b> does the author use to accomplish her\/his purpose? \u00a0Facts and figures?\u00a0<span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">Direct quotations? Fallacies in logic? Personal experience? Repetition?\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">Sarcasm? Humor? Brevity?<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"li1\">What is the author\u2019s <b>THESIS\u2014<\/b>the main argument or idea, condensed\u00a0into one or two\u00a0<span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">sentences?<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\r\n\t<li class=\"li1\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s2\">Foster an attitude of intellectual curiosity. You might not love all of the writing\u00a0you're asked to read and analyze, but you should have something interesting to say about it, even if that \"something\" is critical.<\/span><span class=\"s3\"><b>\r\n<\/b><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Activity: Annotating Texts<\/h3>\r\n<h4>Objective<\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Identify resources for applying active learning strategies to your studies<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h4>Directions<\/h4>\r\nWatch the following video on annotating texts:\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/GkZtC3o0AjE\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Read the article <a href=\"http:\/\/writingspaces.org\/sites\/default\/files\/savini--looking-for-trouble.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\"Looking for Trouble: Finding Your Way into a Writing Assignment\" by Catherine Savini<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Develop an annotation of the chapter.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Follow your instructor\u2019s guidelines for submitting your assignment.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\nhttps:\/\/assessments.lumenlearning.com\/assessments\/873","rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1110\/2016\/02\/02025028\/8596885627_76002aee77_z.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-323\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-323\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1110\/2016\/02\/02025028\/8596885627_76002aee77_z.jpg\" alt=\"Illustration of layers of mathematical equations written on a chalkboard. The topmost layer is glowing white and only barely legible\" width=\"700\" height=\"536\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>We learn more by looking for the answer to a question and not finding it than we do from learning the answer itself. \u2014Lloyd Alexander, author<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<p>By the end of this section, you will be able to:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Define active learning<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Explain the value of hands-on, interactive learning<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Identify resources for applying active learning strategies to your studies, both in and out of the classroom<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p><em>Megan is currently taking two classes: geology and American literature. In her\u00a0geology\u00a0class, the instructor lectures for the full class time\u00a0and gives reading assignments. In Megan\u2019s literature class, however, the instructor relies on\u00a0class discussions, small group discussions, and occasionally even review games. Megan enjoys her literature class, but she struggles to feel\u00a0engaged and interested in geology. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>What strategies\u00a0can Megan use\u00a0to stay motivated and involved\u00a0in both of her courses?<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Active Learning in Class<\/h2>\n<p>Think about the college classes you&#8217;ve taken so far. Like Megan, you may feel like it&#8217;s a mixed bag: you probably enjoyed the courses\u00a0with a variety of\u00a0teaching styles and learning activities the most. Even if you&#8217;re a quieter, more reserved student who dislikes lots of group discussions, you probably prefer to have\u00a0<em>some<\/em> class projects or writing assignments rather than\u00a0lectures alone. Group projects, discussions, and writing are examples of active learning, because they involve <em>doing<\/em> something. Active learning happens when students\u00a0participate in their education through\u00a0activities that enhance learning. Those activities may involve just thinking about what you&#8217;re learning. Active learning\u00a0can take place both in and out of the classroom. The following are examples of activities that can\u00a0facilitate\u00a0active engagement in the classroom.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Class discussions<\/strong>: Class discussions can help students stay focused\u00a0because they\u00a0feature\u00a0different voices besides\u00a0that of the\u00a0instructor. Students can also hear one\u00a0another\u2019s questions and comments and learn from one\u00a0another. Such\u00a0discussions may involve the entire class, or the instructor may organize smaller groups, giving\u00a0quieter students a greater chance to talk. Another method\u00a0is to create online discussion boards so that students have more time to develop their ideas and comments and keep the conversation going.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Writing assignments<\/strong>: Instructors may\u00a0ask students to write short\u00a0reaction papers or journal entries about lessons or reading assignments. Such\u00a0assignments can help students review or reflect on what they just learned to help them understand\u00a0and remember the material, and also provide a means of\u00a0communicating questions and concerns to\u00a0their instructors.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Student-led teaching<\/strong>: Many instructors believe that a true test of whether students understand concepts is being able to\u00a0teach the material to others. For that reason, instructors will sometimes have students work in\u00a0groups and research a topic\u00a0or review assigned readings, and then prepare a minipresentation and teach it to the rest of the class. This activity can help students feel more accountable for their learning and work harder, since classmates will be relying\u00a0on them.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_324\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1110\/2016\/02\/02025030\/4947091025_0b1a31c0cd_z.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-324\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-324\" class=\"wp-image-324 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1110\/2016\/02\/02025030\/4947091025_0b1a31c0cd_z.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of a group of students sitting in a circle on a lawn outside of a campus building, while other students stream around them\" width=\"640\" height=\"419\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-324\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Group discussions are examples of active learning that encourage students to participate in their education.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Active Learning on Your Own<\/h2>\n<p>Many instructors\u00a0conduct their classes mainly through lectures. The lecture remains the most pervasive teaching format across the field of higher education. One reason is that the lecture is an efficient way for the instructor to control the content, organization, and pace of a presentation, particularly in a large group. However, there are drawbacks to this &#8220;information-transfer&#8221; approach, where the instructor does all the talking and the students quietly listen: student have a hard time paying attention from start to finish; the mind wanders. Also, current cognitive science research shows that adult learners need an opportunity to practice newfound skills and newly introduced content. Lectures can set the stage for that interaction or\u00a0practice, but\u00a0lectures alone don&#8217;t foster\u00a0student mastery. While instructors typically speak\u00a0100\u2013200 words per minute, students hear only 50\u2013100 of them. Moreover, studies show that students retain 70 percent of what they hear during the first ten minutes of class and only 20 percent of what they hear during the last ten minutes of class.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Columbia University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Teaching Center.\u00a0&quot;Active Learning.&quot; Columbia.edu. n.d. Web. 10 Feb 2016.\" id=\"return-footnote-322-1\" href=\"#footnote-322-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Thus it is especially\u00a0important for students in lecture-based courses to engage in active learning outside of the classroom. But it&#8217;s also true for other kinds of college courses\u2014including the\u00a0ones that have\u00a0active learning opportunities in class.\u00a0Why? Because college students spend more time working (and learning) independently and less time in the classroom with the instructor and peers. Also, much of one&#8217;s coursework consists of reading and writing assignments. How can these learning activities be active? The following are very effective\u00a0strategies to help you be more engaged with, and get more out of, the learning you do outside the classroom:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Write in your books<\/strong>: You\u00a0can underline and circle key terms, or write questions and comments in the margins of their books. The writing serves as a visual aid for studying and makes it easier for you\u00a0to remember what you&#8217;ve\u00a0read or what you&#8217;d\u00a0like to discuss in class. If you are borrowing a book or want to keep it unmarked so you can resell it later, try writing key words and notes on Post-its and sticking\u00a0them on the relevant pages.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Annotate a text<\/strong>: Annotations typically mean writing a brief summary of a text and recording the works-cited information (title, author, publisher, etc.). This is a great way to &#8220;digest&#8221; and evaluate the sources you&#8217;re collecting for a research paper, but it&#8217;s also invaluable for shorter assignments\u00a0and texts, since it requires you to actively think and write about what you read. The activity, below, will give\u00a0you practice annotating texts.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Create mind maps<\/strong>: Mind maps are effective visuals tools for students, as they highlight the main points of readings or lessons. Think of a mind map as an outline with more graphics than words. For example, if\u00a0a student were\u00a0reading an article about America\u2019s First Ladies, she might write, \u201cFirst Ladies\u201d in a large circle in the center of a piece of paper. Connected to the middle circle would be lines or arrows leading to smaller circles with\u00a0visual representations of the women discussed\u00a0in the article. Then, these circles might branch out to even smaller circles containing the attributes of each of these women.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The following video discusses the process of creating mind maps further and shows how they can be a helpful strategy for active engagement:<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"How To Use A Mind Map\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/L0XzZCd2tPE?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>In addition to the strategies described above, the following are additional ways to engage in active reading and learning:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Work when you are fully awake, and give yourself enough time to read a text\u00a0more than once. \u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s3\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Read with a pen or highlighter in hand, and underline or highlight significant ideas as you read.<\/span><span class=\"s3\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Interact with the ideas in the margins (<\/span><span class=\"s4\">summarize<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> ideas; ask <\/span><span class=\"s4\">questions<\/span><span class=\"s2\">; <\/span><span class=\"s4\">paraphrase<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> difficult sentences; make personal <\/span><span class=\"s4\">connections<\/span><span class=\"s2\">; <\/span><span class=\"s4\">answer<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> questions asked earlier; <\/span><span class=\"s4\">challenge<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> the author; etc.).<\/span><span class=\"s3\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">As you read, keep the following in mind :<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"li1\">What is the <b>CONTEXT<\/b> in which this text\u00a0was written? (This writing contributes to what\u00a0<span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">topic, discussion, or controversy? \u00a0Context is <\/span><b style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">bigger<\/b><span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"> than this one written text.)<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\">Who is the intended <b>AUDIENCE<\/b>? (There\u2019s often more than one intended audience.)<\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\">What is the author\u2019s <b>PURPOSE<\/b>? To entertain? To explain? To persuade? \u00a0(There\u2019s usually\u00a0<span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">more than one purpose, and essays almost always have an element of persuasion.)<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\">How is this writing <b>ORGANIZED<\/b>? Compare and contrast? Classification? Chronological? \u00a0<span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">Cause and effect? \u00a0(There\u2019s often more than one organizational form.)<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\">What is the author\u2019s <b>TONE<\/b>? (What are the emotions behind the words? Are there places where the tone changes or shifts?<span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">)<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\">What <b>TOOLS<\/b> does the author use to accomplish her\/his purpose? \u00a0Facts and figures?\u00a0<span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">Direct quotations? Fallacies in logic? Personal experience? Repetition?\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">Sarcasm? Humor? Brevity?<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\">What is the author\u2019s <b>THESIS\u2014<\/b>the main argument or idea, condensed\u00a0into one or two\u00a0<span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">sentences?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li1\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s2\">Foster an attitude of intellectual curiosity. You might not love all of the writing\u00a0you&#8217;re asked to read and analyze, but you should have something interesting to say about it, even if that &#8220;something&#8221; is critical.<\/span><span class=\"s3\"><b><br \/>\n<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Activity: Annotating Texts<\/h3>\n<h4>Objective<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Identify resources for applying active learning strategies to your studies<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Directions<\/h4>\n<p>Watch the following video on annotating texts:<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-2\" title=\"Annotate it!\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/GkZtC3o0AjE?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Read the article <a href=\"http:\/\/writingspaces.org\/sites\/default\/files\/savini--looking-for-trouble.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;Looking for Trouble: Finding Your Way into a Writing Assignment&#8221; by Catherine Savini<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Develop an annotation of the chapter.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Follow your instructor\u2019s guidelines for submitting your assignment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"lumen_assessment_873\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assessments.lumenlearning.com\/assessments\/load?assessment_id=873&#38;embed=1&#38;external_user_id=&#38;external_context_id=&#38;iframe_resize_id=lumen_assessment_873\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:400px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-322\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Active Learning. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Jolene Carr. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Image of equations. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: IvanT. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/e6FhzZ\">https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/e6FhzZ<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Image of students outside. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Penn State. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/8xa8NR\">https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/8xa8NR<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC: Attribution-NonCommercial<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>How to do Active Reading. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Chauna Ramsey. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: OER Commons. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oercommons.org\/courses\/how-to-do-active-reading\">https:\/\/www.oercommons.org\/courses\/how-to-do-active-reading<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC: Attribution-NonCommercial<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">All rights reserved content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>How To Use A Mind Map. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Two-Point-Four. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/L0XzZCd2tPE\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/L0XzZCd2tPE<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><li>Annotate it!. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Janene Davison. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/GkZtC3o0AjE\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/GkZtC3o0AjE<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section><hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-322-1\">Columbia University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Teaching Center.\u00a0\"Active Learning.\" Columbia.edu. n.d. Web. 10 Feb 2016. <a href=\"#return-footnote-322-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":277,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Image of equations\",\"author\":\"IvanT\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/e6FhzZ\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Image of students outside\",\"author\":\"Penn State\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/8xa8NR\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"How To Use A Mind Map\",\"author\":\"Two-Point-Four\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/L0XzZCd2tPE\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"arr\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube License\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"How to do Active Reading\",\"author\":\"Chauna Ramsey\",\"organization\":\"OER Commons\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.oercommons.org\/courses\/how-to-do-active-reading\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Annotate it!\",\"author\":\"Janene Davison\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/GkZtC3o0AjE\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"arr\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube License\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Active Learning\",\"author\":\"Jolene Carr\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-322","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":132,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/322","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/277"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/322\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":979,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/322\/revisions\/979"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/132"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/322\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=322"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=322"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=322"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/nvrcte-sandbox-collegesuccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=322"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}