{"id":651,"date":"2015-06-04T16:28:06","date_gmt":"2015-06-04T16:28:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/musicx15xmaster\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=651"},"modified":"2015-10-10T06:56:33","modified_gmt":"2015-10-10T06:56:33","slug":"symphony-no-9-from-the-new-world","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/odessa-musicapp-medievaltomodern\/chapter\/symphony-no-9-from-the-new-world\/","title":{"raw":"Symphony No. 9, From the New World","rendered":"Symphony No. 9, From the New World"},"content":{"raw":"Dvorak's \"New World Symphony\" is one of his best-known works. It was an immediate success in its day and has been widely performed since. Please pay special attention to section titled \"Influences,\" as it explores his use of American folk elements in the piece.\r\n<h2>Introduction<\/h2>\r\nThe <b>Symphony No. 9<\/b> in E minor, \"From the New World,\" Op. 95, B. 178 (Czech: <span lang=\"cs\"><i>Symfonie \u010d. 9 e moll \u201eZ nov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta\u201c<\/i><\/span>), popularly known as the <i><b>New World Symphony<\/b><\/i>, was composed by Anton\u00edn Dvo\u0159\u00e1k in 1893 while he was the director of the National Conservatory of Music of America from 1892 to 1895. It is by far his most popular symphony, and one of the most popular of all symphonies. In older literature and recordings, this symphony was often numbered as Symphony No. 5. Neil Armstrong took a recording of the <i>New World Symphony<\/i> to the Moon during the Apollo 11 mission, the first Moon landing, in 1969.\r\n<h2><span id=\"Instrumentation\" class=\"mw-headline\">Instrumentation<\/span><\/h2>\r\nThis symphony is scored for an orchestra of at least the following:\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>2 flutes (one doubling piccolo)<\/li>\r\n\t<li>2 oboes (one doubling English horn)<\/li>\r\n\t<li>2 clarinets in A<\/li>\r\n\t<li>2 bassoons<\/li>\r\n\t<li>4 horns in E, C and F<\/li>\r\n\t<li>2 trumpets in E, C and E<span class=\"music-symbol\">\u266d<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li>2 tenor trombones<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Bass trombone<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Tuba (second movement only)<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Timpani<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Triangle (third movement only)<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Cymbals (fourth movement only)<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Strings<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<h2>Listen: Movements<\/h2>\r\nThe piece has four movements. Please listen to each of the movements to hear the entire symphony.\r\n<h3>Adagio, 4\/8\u2014Allegro molto, 2\/4, E minor<\/h3>\r\n[audio ogg=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/SantaAnaMusic\/adagio_-_allegro_molto.ogg\"][\/audio]\r\n<h3>Largo, common time, D-flat major, then later C-sharp minor<\/h3>\r\n[audio ogg=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/SantaAnaMusic\/largo.ogg\"][\/audio]\r\n<h3>Scherzo: Molto vivace\u2014Poco sostenuto, 3\/4, E minor<\/h3>\r\n[audio ogg=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/SantaAnaMusic\/molto_vivace.ogg\"][\/audio]\r\n<h3>Allegro con fuoco, common time, E minor, ends in E major<\/h3>\r\n[audio ogg=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/SantaAnaMusic\/allegro_con_fuoco.ogg\"][\/audio]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2><span id=\"Influences\" class=\"mw-headline\">Influences<\/span><\/h2>\r\nDvo\u0159\u00e1k was interested in Native American music and the African-American spirituals he heard in America. As director of the National Conservatory he encountered an African-American student, Harry T. Burleigh, later a composer himself, who sang traditional spirituals to him and said that Dvo\u0159\u00e1k had absorbed their 'spirit' before writing his own melodies.\u00a0Dvo\u0159\u00e1k stated:\r\n<blockquote class=\"templatequote\">I am convinced that the future music of this country must be founded on what are called Negro melodies. These can be the foundation of a serious and original school of composition, to be developed in the United States. These beautiful and varied themes are the product of the soil. They are the folk songs of America and your composers must turn to them.<\/blockquote>\r\nThe symphony was commissioned by the New York Philharmonic, and premiered on December 16, 1893, at Carnegie Hall conducted by Anton Seidl. A day earlier, in an article published in the <i>New York Herald<\/i> on December 15, 1893, Dvo\u0159\u00e1k further explained how Native American music had been an influence on this symphony:\r\n<blockquote class=\"templatequote\">I have not actually used any of the [Native American] melodies. I have simply written original themes embodying the peculiarities of the Indian music, and, using these themes as subjects, have developed them with all the resources of modern rhythms, counterpoint, and orchestral colour.<\/blockquote>\r\nIn the same article, Dvo\u0159\u00e1k stated that he regarded the symphony's second movement as a \"sketch or study for a later work, either a cantata or opera . . . which will be based upon Longfellow's [<i>The Song of<\/i>] <i>Hiawatha<\/i>\"\u00a0(Dvo\u0159\u00e1k never actually wrote such a piece).\u00a0He also wrote that the third movement scherzo was \"suggested by the scene at the feast in <i>Hiawatha<\/i> where the Indians dance.\"\r\n\r\nIn 1893, a newspaper interview quoted Dvo\u0159\u00e1k as saying \"I found that the music of the negroes and of the Indians was practically identical\", and that \"the music of the two races bore a remarkable similarity to the music of Scotland.\"\u00a0Most historians agree that Dvo\u0159\u00e1k is referring to the pentatonic scale, which is typical of each of these musical traditions.\r\n\r\nIn a 2008 article in <i>The Chronicle of Higher Education<\/i>, prominent musicologist Joseph Horowitz asserts that African-American spirituals were a major influence on Dvo\u0159\u00e1k's music written in America, quoting him from an 1893 interview in the <i>New York Herald<\/i> as saying, \"In the negro melodies of America I discover all that is needed for a great and noble school of music.\"<sup id=\"cite_ref-11\" class=\"reference\">\u00a0<\/sup>Dvo\u0159\u00e1k did, it seems, borrow rhythms from the music of his native Bohemia, as notably in his Slavonic Dances, and the pentatonic scale in some of his music written in America from African-American and\/or Native American sources. Statements that he borrowed melodies are often made but seldom supported by specifics. One verified example is the song of the Scarlet Tanager in the Quartet. Michael Steinberg writes\u00a0that a flute solo theme in the first movement of the symphony resembles the spiritual \"Swing Low, Sweet Chariot.\"\u00a0Leonard Bernstein averred that the symphony was truly multinational in its foundations.\r\n\r\nDvo\u0159\u00e1k was influenced not only by music he had heard, but by what he had seen, in America. He wrote that he would not have composed his American pieces as he had, if he had not seen America.\u00a0It has been said that Dvo\u0159\u00e1k was inspired by the American \"wide open spaces\" such as prairies he may have seen on his trip to Iowa in the summer of 1893.\u00a0Notices about several performances of the symphony include the phrase \"wide open spaces\" about what inspired the symphony and\/or about the feelings it conveys to listeners.\r\n\r\nDvo\u0159\u00e1k was also influenced by the style and techniques used by earlier classical composers including Beethoven and Schubert.\u00a0The falling fourths and timpani strokes in the <i>New World Symphony<\/i>\u200d\u200a'\u200bs Scherzo movement evokes the Scherzo of Beethoven's Choral Symphony. In his fourth movement, Dvo\u0159\u00e1k's use of flashbacks to prior movements is reminiscent of Beethoven quoting prior movements as part of the opening Presto of the last movement.\r\n<h2><span id=\"Reception\" class=\"mw-headline\">Reception<\/span><\/h2>\r\nAt the premiere in Carnegie Hall, the end of every movement was met with thunderous clapping and Dvo\u0159\u00e1k felt obliged to stand up and bow.\u00a0This was one of the greatest public triumphs of Dvo\u0159\u00e1k's career. When the symphony was published, several European orchestras soon performed it. Alexander Mackenzie conducted the London Philharmonic Society in the European premiere on June 21, 1894.\u00a0Clapham says the symphony became \"one of the most popular of all time\" and at a time when the composer's main works were being welcomed in no more than ten countries, this symphony reached the rest of the musical world and has become a \"universal favorite.\"<span style=\"font-size: 10.8333330154419px;\">\u00a0<\/span>It is performed [as of 1978] more often \"than any other symphony at the Royal Festival Hall, London\" and is in \"tremendous demand in Japan.\"\r\n\r\nSeveral themes from the symphony have been used widely in films, TV shows, anime, video games, and advertisements.\r\n<h2><span id=\"The_song_.22Goin.27_Home.22\" class=\"mw-headline\">The Song \"Goin' Home\"<\/span><\/h2>\r\nThe theme from the Largo was adapted into the spiritual-like song \"Goin' Home,\" often mistakenly considered a folk song or traditional spiritual, by Dvo\u0159\u00e1k's pupil William Arms Fisher, who wrote the lyrics in 1922.","rendered":"<p>Dvorak&#8217;s &#8220;New World Symphony&#8221; is one of his best-known works. It was an immediate success in its day and has been widely performed since. Please pay special attention to section titled &#8220;Influences,&#8221; as it explores his use of American folk elements in the piece.<\/p>\n<h2>Introduction<\/h2>\n<p>The <b>Symphony No. 9<\/b> in E minor, &#8220;From the New World,&#8221; Op. 95, B. 178 (Czech: <span lang=\"cs\"><i>Symfonie \u010d. 9 e moll \u201eZ nov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta\u201c<\/i><\/span>), popularly known as the <i><b>New World Symphony<\/b><\/i>, was composed by Anton\u00edn Dvo\u0159\u00e1k in 1893 while he was the director of the National Conservatory of Music of America from 1892 to 1895. It is by far his most popular symphony, and one of the most popular of all symphonies. In older literature and recordings, this symphony was often numbered as Symphony No. 5. Neil Armstrong took a recording of the <i>New World Symphony<\/i> to the Moon during the Apollo 11 mission, the first Moon landing, in 1969.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Instrumentation\" class=\"mw-headline\">Instrumentation<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>This symphony is scored for an orchestra of at least the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>2 flutes (one doubling piccolo)<\/li>\n<li>2 oboes (one doubling English horn)<\/li>\n<li>2 clarinets in A<\/li>\n<li>2 bassoons<\/li>\n<li>4 horns in E, C and F<\/li>\n<li>2 trumpets in E, C and E<span class=\"music-symbol\">\u266d<\/span><\/li>\n<li>2 tenor trombones<\/li>\n<li>Bass trombone<\/li>\n<li>Tuba (second movement only)<\/li>\n<li>Timpani<\/li>\n<li>Triangle (third movement only)<\/li>\n<li>Cymbals (fourth movement only)<\/li>\n<li>Strings<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<h2>Listen: Movements<\/h2>\n<p>The piece has four movements. Please listen to each of the movements to hear the entire symphony.<\/p>\n<h3>Adagio, 4\/8\u2014Allegro molto, 2\/4, E minor<\/h3>\n<p><!--[if lt IE 9]><script>document.createElement('audio');<\/script><![endif]--><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-651-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/ogg\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/SantaAnaMusic\/adagio_-_allegro_molto.ogg?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/SantaAnaMusic\/adagio_-_allegro_molto.ogg\">https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/SantaAnaMusic\/adagio_-_allegro_molto.ogg<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<h3>Largo, common time, D-flat major, then later C-sharp minor<\/h3>\n<p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-651-2\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/ogg\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/SantaAnaMusic\/largo.ogg?_=2\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/SantaAnaMusic\/largo.ogg\">https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/SantaAnaMusic\/largo.ogg<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<h3>Scherzo: Molto vivace\u2014Poco sostenuto, 3\/4, E minor<\/h3>\n<p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-651-3\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/ogg\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/SantaAnaMusic\/molto_vivace.ogg?_=3\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/SantaAnaMusic\/molto_vivace.ogg\">https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/SantaAnaMusic\/molto_vivace.ogg<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<h3>Allegro con fuoco, common time, E minor, ends in E major<\/h3>\n<p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-651-4\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/ogg\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/SantaAnaMusic\/allegro_con_fuoco.ogg?_=4\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/SantaAnaMusic\/allegro_con_fuoco.ogg\">https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/SantaAnaMusic\/allegro_con_fuoco.ogg<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"Influences\" class=\"mw-headline\">Influences<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Dvo\u0159\u00e1k was interested in Native American music and the African-American spirituals he heard in America. As director of the National Conservatory he encountered an African-American student, Harry T. Burleigh, later a composer himself, who sang traditional spirituals to him and said that Dvo\u0159\u00e1k had absorbed their &#8216;spirit&#8217; before writing his own melodies.\u00a0Dvo\u0159\u00e1k stated:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"templatequote\"><p>I am convinced that the future music of this country must be founded on what are called Negro melodies. These can be the foundation of a serious and original school of composition, to be developed in the United States. These beautiful and varied themes are the product of the soil. They are the folk songs of America and your composers must turn to them.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The symphony was commissioned by the New York Philharmonic, and premiered on December 16, 1893, at Carnegie Hall conducted by Anton Seidl. A day earlier, in an article published in the <i>New York Herald<\/i> on December 15, 1893, Dvo\u0159\u00e1k further explained how Native American music had been an influence on this symphony:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"templatequote\"><p>I have not actually used any of the [Native American] melodies. I have simply written original themes embodying the peculiarities of the Indian music, and, using these themes as subjects, have developed them with all the resources of modern rhythms, counterpoint, and orchestral colour.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>In the same article, Dvo\u0159\u00e1k stated that he regarded the symphony&#8217;s second movement as a &#8220;sketch or study for a later work, either a cantata or opera . . . which will be based upon Longfellow&#8217;s [<i>The Song of<\/i>] <i>Hiawatha<\/i>&#8221;\u00a0(Dvo\u0159\u00e1k never actually wrote such a piece).\u00a0He also wrote that the third movement scherzo was &#8220;suggested by the scene at the feast in <i>Hiawatha<\/i> where the Indians dance.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>In 1893, a newspaper interview quoted Dvo\u0159\u00e1k as saying &#8220;I found that the music of the negroes and of the Indians was practically identical&#8221;, and that &#8220;the music of the two races bore a remarkable similarity to the music of Scotland.&#8221;\u00a0Most historians agree that Dvo\u0159\u00e1k is referring to the pentatonic scale, which is typical of each of these musical traditions.<\/p>\n<p>In a 2008 article in <i>The Chronicle of Higher Education<\/i>, prominent musicologist Joseph Horowitz asserts that African-American spirituals were a major influence on Dvo\u0159\u00e1k&#8217;s music written in America, quoting him from an 1893 interview in the <i>New York Herald<\/i> as saying, &#8220;In the negro melodies of America I discover all that is needed for a great and noble school of music.&#8221;<sup id=\"cite_ref-11\" class=\"reference\">\u00a0<\/sup>Dvo\u0159\u00e1k did, it seems, borrow rhythms from the music of his native Bohemia, as notably in his Slavonic Dances, and the pentatonic scale in some of his music written in America from African-American and\/or Native American sources. Statements that he borrowed melodies are often made but seldom supported by specifics. One verified example is the song of the Scarlet Tanager in the Quartet. Michael Steinberg writes\u00a0that a flute solo theme in the first movement of the symphony resembles the spiritual &#8220;Swing Low, Sweet Chariot.&#8221;\u00a0Leonard Bernstein averred that the symphony was truly multinational in its foundations.<\/p>\n<p>Dvo\u0159\u00e1k was influenced not only by music he had heard, but by what he had seen, in America. He wrote that he would not have composed his American pieces as he had, if he had not seen America.\u00a0It has been said that Dvo\u0159\u00e1k was inspired by the American &#8220;wide open spaces&#8221; such as prairies he may have seen on his trip to Iowa in the summer of 1893.\u00a0Notices about several performances of the symphony include the phrase &#8220;wide open spaces&#8221; about what inspired the symphony and\/or about the feelings it conveys to listeners.<\/p>\n<p>Dvo\u0159\u00e1k was also influenced by the style and techniques used by earlier classical composers including Beethoven and Schubert.\u00a0The falling fourths and timpani strokes in the <i>New World Symphony<\/i>\u200d\u200a&#8217;\u200bs Scherzo movement evokes the Scherzo of Beethoven&#8217;s Choral Symphony. In his fourth movement, Dvo\u0159\u00e1k&#8217;s use of flashbacks to prior movements is reminiscent of Beethoven quoting prior movements as part of the opening Presto of the last movement.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Reception\" class=\"mw-headline\">Reception<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>At the premiere in Carnegie Hall, the end of every movement was met with thunderous clapping and Dvo\u0159\u00e1k felt obliged to stand up and bow.\u00a0This was one of the greatest public triumphs of Dvo\u0159\u00e1k&#8217;s career. When the symphony was published, several European orchestras soon performed it. Alexander Mackenzie conducted the London Philharmonic Society in the European premiere on June 21, 1894.\u00a0Clapham says the symphony became &#8220;one of the most popular of all time&#8221; and at a time when the composer&#8217;s main works were being welcomed in no more than ten countries, this symphony reached the rest of the musical world and has become a &#8220;universal favorite.&#8221;<span style=\"font-size: 10.8333330154419px;\">\u00a0<\/span>It is performed [as of 1978] more often &#8220;than any other symphony at the Royal Festival Hall, London&#8221; and is in &#8220;tremendous demand in Japan.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Several themes from the symphony have been used widely in films, TV shows, anime, video games, and advertisements.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"The_song_.22Goin.27_Home.22\" class=\"mw-headline\">The Song &#8220;Goin&#8217; Home&#8221;<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The theme from the Largo was adapted into the spiritual-like song &#8220;Goin&#8217; Home,&#8221; often mistakenly considered a folk song or traditional spiritual, by Dvo\u0159\u00e1k&#8217;s pupil William Arms Fisher, who wrote the lyrics in 1922.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-651\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li><strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Elliott Jones. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Santa Ana College. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sac.edu\">http:\/\/www.sac.edu<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Symphony No. 9 (Dvorak). <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Wikipedia. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Symphony_No._9_(Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k)\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Symphony_No._9_(Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k)<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":78,"menu_order":32,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Symphony No. 9 (Dvorak)\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Symphony_No._9_(Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k)\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"\",\"author\":\"Elliott Jones\",\"organization\":\"Santa Ana College\",\"url\":\"www.sac.edu\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-651","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":1201,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/odessa-musicapp-medievaltomodern\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/651","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/odessa-musicapp-medievaltomodern\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/odessa-musicapp-medievaltomodern\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/odessa-musicapp-medievaltomodern\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/78"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/odessa-musicapp-medievaltomodern\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/651\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":686,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/odessa-musicapp-medievaltomodern\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/651\/revisions\/686"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/odessa-musicapp-medievaltomodern\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/1201"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/odessa-musicapp-medievaltomodern\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/651\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/odessa-musicapp-medievaltomodern\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=651"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/odessa-musicapp-medievaltomodern\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=651"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/odessa-musicapp-medievaltomodern\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=651"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/odessa-musicapp-medievaltomodern\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=651"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}