There are various functions of proteins in the body that are described below. It is necessary for humans to get protein from food in order to provide the components (amino acids) necessary to be the building blocks for the body.

Structure

Proteins, such as collagen, elastin, fibrin, and keratin serve as the scaffolding of the body and thus are important for the structure of tissues.

Enzymes

Enzymes are a class of protein that catalyze (speeds up) chemical reactions. Enzymes are specific for their substrates. Substrates are the substances on which enzymes act. For example, lipase only works on lipids; carbohydrase only works on carbohydrates, and protease only works on proteins.

Hormones

Hormones, which contain protein, are compounds that are produced in one tissue, are released into circulation, and trigger an effect on a different organ. The pancreas produces insulin, an example of a hormone, which helps regulate blood glucose levels by escorting the glucose into tissues.

Acid-Base Balance

Proteins serve as buffers meaning that they help to prevent the pH of the body from getting too high or too low.

Transportation

Transport proteins move molecules through circulation or across cell membranes. One example is hemoglobin that transports oxygen through the body.

Immune Function

Antibodies are proteins that recognize and inactivate pathogens. Pathogens are foreign substances that threaten one’s health. Antibodies are important in the body’s ability to ward off disease.

Summary

The digestive process breaks down the proteins consumed into amino acids. The body can then reassemble amino acids into the numerous proteins needed to serve many functions.