{"id":248,"date":"2015-10-29T21:57:51","date_gmt":"2015-10-29T21:57:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/nutritionxmaster\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=248"},"modified":"2016-01-06T19:50:21","modified_gmt":"2016-01-06T19:50:21","slug":"nutritional-aspects-of-water","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/pierce-nutrition\/chapter\/nutritional-aspects-of-water\/","title":{"raw":"Biological Needs for Water","rendered":"Biological Needs for Water"},"content":{"raw":"Humans are 65% water!\r\n\r\nThe\u00a0body needs water to regulate temperature,\u00a0moisten tissues in the\u00a0mouth, eyes, and nose, lubricate joints, protect organs, prevent constipation, reduce the burden on kidneys and liver by helping to flush out waste, and to dissolve nutrients as part of the digestive process.\r\n\r\nAlthough a person can survive for several weeks without food, the body cannot survive longer than a few days without fluids. A loss of water equivalent to:\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>1% of body weight is enough to cause thirst and to impact the ability to concentrate;<\/li>\r\n\t<li>4% loss of hydration results in dizziness and reduced muscle power;<\/li>\r\n\t<li>6% loss of fluids causes the heart to race and sweating ceases;<\/li>\r\n\t<li>7% loss of hydration results in collapse and subsequent death if fluids are not replaced.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Water Regulation<\/h3>\r\n<h4>Water Intake<\/h4>\r\nIn a normal diet, fluid is gained via food as well as in drinks.\u00a0 Along with water,\u00a0most drinks such as tea, coffee, juices, and milk hydrate the body.\u00a0 However, alcoholic drinks may not contribute to body fluids\u00a0as\u00a0alcohol is a diuretic, a substance that increases the output of urine by the body.\u00a0 Caffeine, such as found in energy\u00a0drinks, coffee, tea, and sodas, is also a diuretic.\u00a0\u00a0Caffeine has also been shown to have an impact on overall hydration, but significant amounts (300+ mg) are typically\u00a0necessary to exhibit negative effects on the body.\r\n\r\nThe amounts of water in\u00a0different foods vary.\r\n<table class=\"alignleft\" style=\"height: 486px\" border=\"2\" width=\"317\"><caption>Water Content of Specific Foods<\/caption>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Food<\/td>\r\n<td>Water Content (%)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>lettuce<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">95<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>carrots<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">90<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>boiled potatoes<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">80<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>grapes<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">80<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>lentil soup<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">78<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>grilled oily fish<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">65<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>cooked meats<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">60<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>potato chips<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">52<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>white bread<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">37<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>cheddar cheese<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">36<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>cake<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">15<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>semi-sweet cookies<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">2.5<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>cornflakes<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">3<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\">Water Loss<\/h3>\r\nFluid loss occurs in various ways throughout the body with urination\u00a0being the primary method. While the elimination of the urine is periodic, the formation of urine constantly occurs. Urination not only removes excess water from the body but also rids the body of nitrogen-containing compounds and other wastes.\u00a0 A \"typical\" urine output is approximately 1.5 liters daily.\r\n\r\nPerspiration (sweating) also removes fluid from the body.\u00a0 When body temperature rises, fluids are secreted through\u00a0sweat glands to the surface of the skin.\u00a0 This fluid then evaporates which has a cooling effect and reduces overall body temperature.\u00a0 A typical loss of water through sweating\u00a0is about 0.5 liters per day.\u00a0 With hot weather, exercise,\u00a0or physical activity,\u00a0water loss\u00a0can increase to 2 liters per hour.\r\n\r\nBecause urine output and sweating are conscious and measurable methods of fluid loss, they are called \"sensible\" losses.\r\n\r\nThe body can also exhibit fluid losses\u00a0in\u00a0what are termed \"insensible losses.\"\u00a0 Insensible water loss is constantly occurring every minute of every day.\u00a0 These losses are neither consciously felt\u00a0nor measureable.\u00a0 These include events such as breathing (our expelled breath contains moisture) and defecation (feces also contain water).\r\n\r\nAs can be seen by the above information, water intake and water loss should be balanced in order to prevent dehydration and to maintain a healthy body.\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">FYI: The recommended daily<strong> intake<\/strong> is 10-13 cups of fluid from food and drink for adult males and 7-9 cups of fluid\u00a0for adult females.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","rendered":"<p>Humans are 65% water!<\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0body needs water to regulate temperature,\u00a0moisten tissues in the\u00a0mouth, eyes, and nose, lubricate joints, protect organs, prevent constipation, reduce the burden on kidneys and liver by helping to flush out waste, and to dissolve nutrients as part of the digestive process.<\/p>\n<p>Although a person can survive for several weeks without food, the body cannot survive longer than a few days without fluids. A loss of water equivalent to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1% of body weight is enough to cause thirst and to impact the ability to concentrate;<\/li>\n<li>4% loss of hydration results in dizziness and reduced muscle power;<\/li>\n<li>6% loss of fluids causes the heart to race and sweating ceases;<\/li>\n<li>7% loss of hydration results in collapse and subsequent death if fluids are not replaced.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Water Regulation<\/h3>\n<h4>Water Intake<\/h4>\n<p>In a normal diet, fluid is gained via food as well as in drinks.\u00a0 Along with water,\u00a0most drinks such as tea, coffee, juices, and milk hydrate the body.\u00a0 However, alcoholic drinks may not contribute to body fluids\u00a0as\u00a0alcohol is a diuretic, a substance that increases the output of urine by the body.\u00a0 Caffeine, such as found in energy\u00a0drinks, coffee, tea, and sodas, is also a diuretic.\u00a0\u00a0Caffeine has also been shown to have an impact on overall hydration, but significant amounts (300+ mg) are typically\u00a0necessary to exhibit negative effects on the body.<\/p>\n<p>The amounts of water in\u00a0different foods vary.<\/p>\n<table class=\"alignleft\" style=\"height: 486px; width: 317px;\">\n<caption>Water Content of Specific Foods<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Food<\/td>\n<td>Water Content (%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>lettuce<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">95<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>carrots<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>boiled potatoes<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">80<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>grapes<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">80<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>lentil soup<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">78<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>grilled oily fish<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">65<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>cooked meats<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>potato chips<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">52<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>white bread<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">37<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>cheddar cheese<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">36<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>cake<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>semi-sweet cookies<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">2.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>cornflakes<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\">Water Loss<\/h3>\n<p>Fluid loss occurs in various ways throughout the body with urination\u00a0being the primary method. While the elimination of the urine is periodic, the formation of urine constantly occurs. Urination not only removes excess water from the body but also rids the body of nitrogen-containing compounds and other wastes.\u00a0 A &#8220;typical&#8221; urine output is approximately 1.5 liters daily.<\/p>\n<p>Perspiration (sweating) also removes fluid from the body.\u00a0 When body temperature rises, fluids are secreted through\u00a0sweat glands to the surface of the skin.\u00a0 This fluid then evaporates which has a cooling effect and reduces overall body temperature.\u00a0 A typical loss of water through sweating\u00a0is about 0.5 liters per day.\u00a0 With hot weather, exercise,\u00a0or physical activity,\u00a0water loss\u00a0can increase to 2 liters per hour.<\/p>\n<p>Because urine output and sweating are conscious and measurable methods of fluid loss, they are called &#8220;sensible&#8221; losses.<\/p>\n<p>The body can also exhibit fluid losses\u00a0in\u00a0what are termed &#8220;insensible losses.&#8221;\u00a0 Insensible water loss is constantly occurring every minute of every day.\u00a0 These losses are neither consciously felt\u00a0nor measureable.\u00a0 These include events such as breathing (our expelled breath contains moisture) and defecation (feces also contain water).<\/p>\n<p>As can be seen by the above information, water intake and water loss should be balanced in order to prevent dehydration and to maintain a healthy body.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">FYI: The recommended daily<strong> intake<\/strong> is 10-13 cups of fluid from food and drink for adult males and 7-9 cups of fluid\u00a0for adult females.<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-248\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">All rights reserved content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Water Balance in the Body: Healthy Intake &amp; Output. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Science of Nutrition. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=5L_7EF-vOW4\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=5L_7EF-vOW4<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":706,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Water Balance in the Body: Healthy Intake & Output\",\"author\":\"Science of Nutrition\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=5L_7EF-vOW4\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"arr\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-248","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":221,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/pierce-nutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/248","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/pierce-nutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/pierce-nutrition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/pierce-nutrition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/706"}],"version-history":[{"count":43,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/pierce-nutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/248\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":974,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/pierce-nutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/248\/revisions\/974"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/pierce-nutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/221"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/pierce-nutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/248\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/pierce-nutrition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=248"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/pierce-nutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=248"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/pierce-nutrition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=248"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/pierce-nutrition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=248"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}