Glossary and References

Glossary

TERM DEFINITION
Abstract Word Words that refer to ideas or concepts that are removed from material reality.
Axiology A part of worldview; refers to an individual or group’s value system.
Channel The means through which the message travels.
Communicator The people in the interaction or speech setting who encode and decode messages simultaneously.
Concrete Word A word that describes a tangible object that can be perceived through the senses.
Context The communication rules that govern different physical settings and/or different types of relationships.
Cosmology A part of worldview; refers to the way individuals and groups see themselves in relation to other people and their view of their place in the universe.
Cultural Noise Differences in worldview that cause message interference.
Decoding The process of listening to words and interpreting the words so they are associated with a mental image.
Encoding The process of taking a mental image, associating the image with words, and then speaking those words.
Epistemology A part of worldview; refers to the way an individual or group acquires knowledge or what counts as knowledge.
Listening The psychological process of interpreting and making sense of the messages we receive.
Message The words, nonverbal behavior, or other signals transmitted from one person to another.
Noise Anything that interferes with the message transmission or the encoding and decoding process.
Nonverbal Behavior All of the messages we send — except for the words we say. Can include appearance, eye behavior, kinesics (body movement), proxemics (use of space), touch, time, and smell.
Norms The verbal and nonverbal rules (usually unspoken) that govern communicative behavior.
Ontology A part of worldview; refers to an individual’s or group’s belief system.
Praxeology A part of worldview; refers to the way an individual or group goes about tasks or solving problems.
Psychological Noise Message interference that results from disturbed or excited mental states.
Physiological Noise Message interference that results from bodily discomfort.
Physical Noise Message interference that results when the noise level (as measured in decibels) makes it difficult to hear a message.
Public Speaking The act of delivering a speech in front of a live audience.
Worldview The overall framework through which an individual sees, thinks about, and interprets the world and interacts with it.

References

Aras, K. (2012). The nuts and bolts of public speaking: Practical tools for powerful presentations. Retrieved from http://www.thecommunicationfactory.com/seminars/skills/PublicSpeaking.php

Barnlund, D. C. (2008). A transactional model of communication. In. C. D. Mortensen (Eds.), Communication theory (2nd Ed), pp. 47-57. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction.

Farrell, R. (2011). Soft skills all great leaders should have. CareerBuilder. http://www.careerbuilder.com/Article/CB-2335- Leadership-Management-Soft-skills-all-great-leaders-should-have/

History.com. (2012). The Kennedy- Nixon Debates. History.com. Retrieved from http://www.history.com/topics/kennedy-nixon-debates

Koncz, A. and Allen, C. (2012). Employers look for communication skills, ability to work in a team in new college grads. www.naceweb.org/pressreleases/.

McKay, J. (2005). Employers complain about communication skills. Pittsburgh Post Gazette.

Rhodes, T. (Ed.) (2010). Assessing outcomes and improving achievement: Tips and tools for using rubrics. Washington D. C.: Association of American Colleges and Universities.

Rockler-Gladen, N. (2009, March 21). Job skills that every college student needs: Writing, speaking, professionalism, and other important knowledge. Suite 101.com. Retrieved from http://studyskills.suite101.com/article.cfm/job_skills_that_every_college _student_needs

Schreiber, L., Paul, G. & Shibley, L. R. (2012). The development and test of the Public Speaking Competence Rubric. Communication Education, 61 (3), 205 – 233.

Shannon, C. E., & Weaver, W. (1949). The mathematical theory of communication. Urbana: University of Illinois Press

U.S. Department of Labor (2000). Skills and tasks for jobs: A SCANS report for America 2000. The Secretary’s Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills. Washington, D.C.

photo credits

p. 1 The Dali Lama http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Dalai-Lama-talking-to-KD.jpg By Wakan Foundation for the Arts
p. 2 Ronsenbaum talking to woman http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Michael_Rosenbaum_(4995506953).jpg By Vagueonthehow
p. 2 Alice Walker http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Alice_Walker_(cropped)1.jpg By Virginia Debolt
p. 5 The Kennedy / Nixon Debate 1960 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kenned y_Nixon_Debat_(1960).jpg By the National Park Service
p. 6 FEMA worker talking to woman http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/co mmons/1/17/FEMA_-_32747_- _FEMA_Community_Relations_worker_talking_to_a_Ohio_resident.jpg Ficara / FEMA
p. 6 Superfans http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NFL_Superfans.jpg By HMJD02
p. 7 Hand cyclists at Warrior Games http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_- _Talking_technique.jpg By U.S. Army
p. 9 Reasons not to like public speaking http://www.flickr.com/photos/codepo8/4 348896264/by Christian Heilmann
p. 9 Woman drawing http://www.flickr.com/photos/jonnygoldstein/3958940167/sizes/m/in/photostream/ by Jonny Goldstein