{"id":554,"date":"2016-08-24T00:32:36","date_gmt":"2016-08-24T00:32:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/americangovernment\/?post_type=chapter&p=554"},"modified":"2016-08-24T00:32:36","modified_gmt":"2016-08-24T00:32:36","slug":"glossary-17","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-amgovernment\/chapter\/glossary-17\/","title":{"raw":"Glossary","rendered":"Glossary"},"content":{"raw":"

Defining Foreign Policy<\/h2>\r\nbalance of power<\/strong> a situation in which no one nation or region is much more powerful militarily than any other in the world\r\n\r\nbalance of trade<\/strong> the relationship between a country\u2019s inflow and outflow of goods\r\n\r\nCold War<\/strong> the period from shortly after World War II until approximately 1989\u20131990 when advanced industrial democracies divided behind the two superpowers (East: Soviet Union, West: United States) and the fear of nuclear war abounded\r\n\r\ndiplomacy<\/strong> the establishment and maintenance of a formal relationship between countries\r\n\r\nforeign policy<\/strong> a government\u2019s goals in dealing with other countries or regions and the strategy used to achieve them\r\n\r\nfree trade<\/strong> a policy in which a country allows the unfettered flow of goods and services between itself and other countries\r\n\r\nhard power<\/strong> the use or threat of military power to influence the behavior of another country\r\n\r\nNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)<\/strong> a cross-national military organization with bases in Belgium and Germany formed to maintain stability in Europe\r\n\r\nprotectionism<\/strong> a policy in which a country does not permit other countries to sell goods and services within its borders or charges them very high tariffs (import taxes) to do so\r\n\r\nsoft power<\/strong> nonmilitary tools used to influence another country, such as economic sanctions\r\n\r\nUnited Nations (UN)<\/strong> an international organization of nation-states that seeks to promote peace, international relations, and economic and environmental programs\r\n

Foreign Policy Instruments<\/h2>\r\ncongressional executive agreement<\/strong> an international agreement that is not a treaty and that is negotiated by the president and approved by a simple majority of the House and Senate\r\n\r\nsole executive agreement<\/strong> an international agreement that is not a treaty and that is negotiated and approved by the president acting alone\r\n\r\ntreaty<\/strong> an international agreement entered by the United States that requires presidential negotiation with other nation(s), consent by two-thirds of the Senate, and final ratification by the president\r\n

Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/h2>\r\ntwo presidencies thesis<\/strong> the thesis by Wildavsky that there are two distinct presidencies, one for foreign and one for domestic policy, and that presidents are more successful in foreign than domestic policy\r\n

Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/h2>\r\ncontainment<\/strong> the effort by the United States and Western European allies, begun during the Cold War, to prevent the spread of communism\r\n\r\nisolationism<\/strong> a foreign policy approach that advocates a nation\u2019s staying out of foreign entanglements and keeping to itself\r\n\r\nliberal internationalism<\/strong> a foreign policy approach of becoming proactively engaged in world affairs by cooperating in a community of nations\r\n\r\nneoconservatism<\/strong> the belief that, rather than exercising restraint, the United States should aggressively use its might to promote its values and ideals around the world\r\n\r\nneo-isolationism<\/strong> a policy of distancing the United States from the United Nations and other international organizations, while still participating in the world economy\r\n\r\nselective engagement<\/strong> a policy of retaining a strong military presence and remaining engaged across the world","rendered":"

Defining Foreign Policy<\/h2>\n

balance of power<\/strong> a situation in which no one nation or region is much more powerful militarily than any other in the world<\/p>\n

balance of trade<\/strong> the relationship between a country\u2019s inflow and outflow of goods<\/p>\n

Cold War<\/strong> the period from shortly after World War II until approximately 1989\u20131990 when advanced industrial democracies divided behind the two superpowers (East: Soviet Union, West: United States) and the fear of nuclear war abounded<\/p>\n

diplomacy<\/strong> the establishment and maintenance of a formal relationship between countries<\/p>\n

foreign policy<\/strong> a government\u2019s goals in dealing with other countries or regions and the strategy used to achieve them<\/p>\n

free trade<\/strong> a policy in which a country allows the unfettered flow of goods and services between itself and other countries<\/p>\n

hard power<\/strong> the use or threat of military power to influence the behavior of another country<\/p>\n

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)<\/strong> a cross-national military organization with bases in Belgium and Germany formed to maintain stability in Europe<\/p>\n

protectionism<\/strong> a policy in which a country does not permit other countries to sell goods and services within its borders or charges them very high tariffs (import taxes) to do so<\/p>\n

soft power<\/strong> nonmilitary tools used to influence another country, such as economic sanctions<\/p>\n

United Nations (UN)<\/strong> an international organization of nation-states that seeks to promote peace, international relations, and economic and environmental programs<\/p>\n

Foreign Policy Instruments<\/h2>\n

congressional executive agreement<\/strong> an international agreement that is not a treaty and that is negotiated by the president and approved by a simple majority of the House and Senate<\/p>\n

sole executive agreement<\/strong> an international agreement that is not a treaty and that is negotiated and approved by the president acting alone<\/p>\n

treaty<\/strong> an international agreement entered by the United States that requires presidential negotiation with other nation(s), consent by two-thirds of the Senate, and final ratification by the president<\/p>\n

Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy<\/h2>\n

two presidencies thesis<\/strong> the thesis by Wildavsky that there are two distinct presidencies, one for foreign and one for domestic policy, and that presidents are more successful in foreign than domestic policy<\/p>\n

Approaches to Foreign Policy<\/h2>\n

containment<\/strong> the effort by the United States and Western European allies, begun during the Cold War, to prevent the spread of communism<\/p>\n

isolationism<\/strong> a foreign policy approach that advocates a nation\u2019s staying out of foreign entanglements and keeping to itself<\/p>\n

liberal internationalism<\/strong> a foreign policy approach of becoming proactively engaged in world affairs by cooperating in a community of nations<\/p>\n

neoconservatism<\/strong> the belief that, rather than exercising restraint, the United States should aggressively use its might to promote its values and ideals around the world<\/p>\n

neo-isolationism<\/strong> a policy of distancing the United States from the United Nations and other international organizations, while still participating in the world economy<\/p>\n

selective engagement<\/strong> a policy of retaining a strong military presence and remaining engaged across the world<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t

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Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t
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