Throughout the textbook, we suggest useful resources for students on the specific topics in a given chapter. Here, we offer some websites for exploring astronomy in general, plus good sites for viewing and downloading the best astronomy images, and guides to astronomical apps for smartphones and tablets. This is not an exhaustive listing, but merely a series of suggestions to whet the appetite of those wanting to go beyond the textbook.

Websites for Exploring Astronomy in General

Astronomical Organizations

Amateur Astronomy Clubs. In most large cities and a number of rural areas, there are amateur astronomy clubs, where those interested in the hobby of astronomy gather to observe the sky, share telescopes, hear speakers, and help educate the public about the night sky. To find an astronomy club near you, you can try the following sites:

• Night Sky Network club finder
• Astronomical League astronomy clubs and societies

American Astronomical Society: Composed mainly of professional astronomers. They have an active education office and various materials for students and the public on the education pages of their website.

Astronomical League: The league is the umbrella organization of American astronomy clubs. They offer a newsletter, national observing programs, and support for how to form and support a club.

Astronomical Society of the Pacific: Founded in 1889, this international society is devoted to astronomy education and outreach. They have programs, publications, and materials for families, teachers, amateur astronomers, museum guides, and anyone interested in astronomy.

European Space Agency (ESA): Information on European space missions with an excellent gallery of images.

International Astronomical Union (IAU): International organization for professional astronomers; see the menu choice “IAU for the Public” for information on naming astronomical objects and other topics of interest to students.

NASA: NASA has a wide range of information on its many websites; the trick is to find what you need. Most space missions and NASA centers have their own sites.

Royal Astronomical Society of Canada: Unites professional and amateur astronomers around Canada; has 28 centers with local activities, plus national magazines and meetings.

Some Astronomical Publications Students Can Read

Astronomy Now: A colorful British monthly, with excellent articles about astronomy, the history of astronomy, and stargazing.

Free Astronomy: A new web-based publication, with European roots.

Scientific American: Offers one astronomy article about every other issue. These articles, a number of which are reproduced on their website, are at a slightly higher level, but—often being written by the astronomers who have done the work—are authoritative and current.

StarDate: Magazine that accompanies the brief radio program, with a useful website for beginners.

Sites that Cover Astronomy News

Exploring the Universe:  An astronomy news blog by one of the original authors of this textbook.

Portal to the Universe:  A site that gathers online astronomy and space news items, blogs, and pictures.

Science@NASA news stories and newscasts:  Well-written stories with, of course, a NASA focus.

Space.com: A commercial site, but with wide coverage of space and astronomy news.

Universe Today: Another commercial site, with good articles by science journalists, but a lot of ads.

Sites for Answering Astronomical Questions

Ask an Astrobiologist: On this site from the National Astrobiology Institute at NASA, astronomer David Morrison answered questions about the search for life on other planets, the origin of life on Earth, and many other topics.

Ask an Astronomer at Lick Observatory: Graduate students and staff members at this California observatory answered selected astronomy questions, particularly from high school students.

Ask an Astrophysicist: Questions and answers at NASA’s Laboratory for High-Energy Astrophysics focus on X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy, and such objects as black holes, quasars, and supernovae.

Ask an Infrared Astronomer: A site from the California Institute of Technology, with an archive focusing on infrared (heat-ray) astronomy and the discoveries it makes about cool objects in the universe. No longer taking new questions.

Ask the Astronomer: This site, run by astronomer Sten Odenwald, is no longer active, but lists 3001 answers to questions asked in the mid-1990s. They are nicely organized by topic.

Curious about Astronomy?: An ask-an-astronomer site run by graduate students and professors of astronomy at Cornell University. Has searchable archives and is still answering new questions.

Miscellaneous Sites of Interest

A Guide to Careers in Astronomy: From the American Astronomical Society.

Astronomical Pseudo-Science: A Skeptic’s Resource List: Readings and websites that analyze such claims as astrology, UFOs, moon-landing denial, creationism, human faces on other worlds, astronomical disasters, and more.

Astronomy for Beginners: A page to find resources for getting into amateur astronomy.

Science Fiction Stories with Good Astronomy and Physics

Space Calendar: Ron Baalke at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory keeps a listing of what space events happened on each day of the year; great if you need a reason to have a space-theme party.

Selected Websites for Viewing and Downloading Astronomical Images

The Top Image Sites

European Southern Observatory Photo Gallery: Magnificent color images from ESO’s largest telescopes. See the topical menu at the top.

National Optical Astronomy Observatories Image Gallery: Growing archive of images from the many telescopes that are at the United States’ National Observatories.

Planetary Photojournal: Features thousands of images from NASA’s extensive set of planetary exploration missions with a good search menu. Does not include most of the missions from other countries.

The World at Night: Dramatic night-sky images by professional photographers who are amateur astronomers. Note that while many of the astronomy sites allow free use of their images, these are copyrighted by photographers who make their living selling them.

Other Useful General Galleries

Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope: Remarkable color images from a major telescope on top of the Mauna Kea peak in Hawaii.

European Space Agency Gallery: Access images from such missions as Mars Express, Rosetta, and Herschel.

Gemini Observatory Images: Images from a pair of large telescopes in the northern and the southern hemispheres.

Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes Image Gallery: Beautiful images from the Herschel, Newton, and Kapteyn telescopes on La Palma.

National Radio Astronomy Observatory Image Gallery: Organized by topic, the images show objects and processes that give off radio waves.

Our Infrared World Gallery: Images from a variety of infrared astronomy telescopes and missions. See also their “Cool Cosmos” site for the public:

Some Galleries on Specific Subjects

Astronaut Photography of Earth

NASA Human Spaceflight Gallery: Astronaut images.

Robert Gendler: One of the amateur astro-photographers who comes closest to being professional.

Sloan Digital Sky Survey Images

Astronomy Apps for Smartphones and Tablets

Listings and Reviews of Apps

14 Best Astronomy Apps for Stargazers and Space Lovers: Viney Dhiman’s recommendations, part of Nerd’s Magazine (2014).

15 Best Astronomy Applications for iPhone: From iPhoneness.

Phone/Tablet Apps and the Practical Astronomer: Active amateur astronomer Tom Fowler reviews 22 apps (2014).

Sky & Telescope Mobile Apps: Apps from Sky & Telescope Magazine.

Smartphone Apps Can Make Astronomy as Easy as Point and Gaze: Mike Lynch for HeraldNet (2014).