{"id":553,"date":"2018-12-19T15:58:46","date_gmt":"2018-12-19T15:58:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffalo-environmentalhealth\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=553"},"modified":"2019-01-07T20:13:33","modified_gmt":"2019-01-07T20:13:33","slug":"measurement-of-constructs","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffalo-environmentalhealth\/chapter\/measurement-of-constructs\/","title":{"raw":"Measurement of Constructs","rendered":"Measurement of Constructs"},"content":{"raw":"<ul>\r\n \t<li>5 or 7 point scales\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Bipolar or bidirectional scales (also known as semantic differential scales): unlikely \/ likely, disagree \/ agree, good \/ bad.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Unipolar or unidirectional scales: very little control \/ complete control, not at all worried \/ extremely worried.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Scoring from -3 to +3 such that:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Belief that behavior will result in a positive outcome contributes positively to measure.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Belief that behavior will result in negative outcome contributes negatively to measure.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Elicitation studies: studies conducted to identify and select the content for the construct measures.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Example: Before behavioral beliefs can be measured, the researcher must know what they are for the health behavior and population studied.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>It is always important to pilot test your measures \/ instrument<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Direct<\/strong> measurement refers to measurement on a major construct (example: attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control). These are usually more strongly associated with outcomes than indirect measures. Demonstrate these associations before proceeding to indirect measures.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Indirect<\/strong> measurement refers to measurement on the minor constructs that comprise the major construct and then calculating these scores across the outcomes of the behavior.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Example:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>major construct = attitude, indirect measurement measures<\/li>\r\n \t<li>minor constructs = behavioral beliefs, evaluation of behavioral outcomes; calculation discussed later<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>It is important to show strong association between these measures and the major construct to ensure the appropriate beliefs were measured. If so demonstrated, these are of most interest.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Assess<\/strong> instrument reliability by test-retest reliability and\/or internal consistency reliability.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"<ul>\n<li>5 or 7 point scales\n<ul>\n<li>Bipolar or bidirectional scales (also known as semantic differential scales): unlikely \/ likely, disagree \/ agree, good \/ bad.<\/li>\n<li>Unipolar or unidirectional scales: very little control \/ complete control, not at all worried \/ extremely worried.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Scoring from -3 to +3 such that:\n<ul>\n<li>Belief that behavior will result in a positive outcome contributes positively to measure.<\/li>\n<li>Belief that behavior will result in negative outcome contributes negatively to measure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Elicitation studies: studies conducted to identify and select the content for the construct measures.\n<ul>\n<li>Example: Before behavioral beliefs can be measured, the researcher must know what they are for the health behavior and population studied.<\/li>\n<li>It is always important to pilot test your measures \/ instrument<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Direct<\/strong> measurement refers to measurement on a major construct (example: attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control). These are usually more strongly associated with outcomes than indirect measures. Demonstrate these associations before proceeding to indirect measures.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Indirect<\/strong> measurement refers to measurement on the minor constructs that comprise the major construct and then calculating these scores across the outcomes of the behavior.\n<ul>\n<li>Example:\n<ul>\n<li>major construct = attitude, indirect measurement measures<\/li>\n<li>minor constructs = behavioral beliefs, evaluation of behavioral outcomes; calculation discussed later<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>It is important to show strong association between these measures and the major construct to ensure the appropriate beliefs were measured. If so demonstrated, these are of most interest.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Assess<\/strong> instrument reliability by test-retest reliability and\/or internal consistency reliability.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-553\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li><strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Merlin Mathew, King Li, Jennifer Kloosterman, Abbie Albright, Noah Taddesse. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffalo-environmentalhealth\/\">https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffalo-environmentalhealth\/<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Models and Mechanisms of Public Health. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":89971,"menu_order":11,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"\",\"author\":\"Merlin Mathew, King Li, Jennifer Kloosterman, Abbie Albright, Noah Taddesse\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffalo-environmentalhealth\/\",\"project\":\"Models and Mechanisms of Public Health\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-553","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":534,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffalo-environmentalhealth\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/553","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffalo-environmentalhealth\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffalo-environmentalhealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffalo-environmentalhealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/89971"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffalo-environmentalhealth\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/553\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":889,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffalo-environmentalhealth\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/553\/revisions\/889"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffalo-environmentalhealth\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/534"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffalo-environmentalhealth\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/553\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffalo-environmentalhealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=553"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffalo-environmentalhealth\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=553"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffalo-environmentalhealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=553"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffalo-environmentalhealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=553"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}