{"id":60,"date":"2021-06-25T18:48:16","date_gmt":"2021-06-25T18:48:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffalo-selfcare\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=60"},"modified":"2021-08-23T17:50:40","modified_gmt":"2021-08-23T17:50:40","slug":"chapter-7","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffalo-selfcare\/chapter\/chapter-7\/","title":{"raw":"Restructuring Cognitions (Chapter 7)","rendered":"Restructuring Cognitions (Chapter 7)"},"content":{"raw":"<h2><em>Leaving It At The Office<\/em><\/h2>\r\n[video width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" mp4=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5684\/2021\/06\/29190914\/chapter7.mp4\"][\/video]\r\n<h2><\/h2>\r\n<h2>Chelsea Schnorrbusch and Leah Ward<\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Key WORDS<\/h3>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 247px;\" border=\"1\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 12px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 12px; text-align: center;\"><a id=\"Anxiety\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.therapistaid.com\/worksheets\/coping-skills-anxiety.pdf\">Anxiety Management<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 12px; text-align: center;\">Allowing yourself to experience anxiety but also processing the internal skills to control and understand anxiety so that it does not bleed over into responses to patients<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 12px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 12px; text-align: center;\"><a id=\"Caus\"><\/a>Assuming Causality<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 12px; text-align: center;\">Incorrectly assigning the blame or responsibility for adverse events to ourselves<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 12px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 12px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=uvDuzc5nrGQ\">Catastrophizing<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 12px; text-align: center;\"><a id=\"Cat\"><\/a>Anticipating the worst outcome<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 12px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 12px; text-align: center;\"><a id=\"CogErr\"><\/a>Cognitive Errors<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 12px; text-align: center;\">Exaggerated or irrational thinking patterns that often cause psychological distress<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/1a9990_ce2b0671f9044b6ca009b36f31e1b487~mv2.png\/v1\/fill\/w_560,h_560,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01\/Image-empty-state.webp\">Cognitive Restructuring<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\">A<a id=\"CogR\"><\/a> technique to combat errors in thinking; reframing cognitive errors in a way that is more realistic<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 12px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 12px; text-align: center;\"><a id=\"Conc\"><\/a>Conceptualizing Ability<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 12px; text-align: center;\">The ability to draw on professional theory and to comprehend the patient\u2019s dynamics in relation to the therapeutic alliance<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 12px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 12px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-diCgPEwntg\">Countertransference<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 12px; text-align: center;\"><a id=\"Counter\"><\/a>Internal and external reactions in which unresolved conflicts are implicated<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 12px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 12px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/dichotomous-thinking\">Dichotomous Thinking<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 12px; text-align: center;\"><a id=\"Dich\"><\/a>Either-or thinking which is both a cause and result of psychotherapist distress<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a id=\"Emp\"><\/a>Empathy<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\">Allows the therapist to focus on the patient\u2019s needs despite the difficulties they may be experiencing<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hIHdjy5_RUE\">Musturbations<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a id=\"Must\"><\/a>The belief by some individuals that they must absolutely meet often perfectionist goals in order to achieve success, approval, or comfort<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/media\/ByRn1JCCIAEjmX8.jpg\">Selective Abstraction<\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a id=\"Select\"><\/a>The mistake of believing that the only events that matter are failures and that you should measure yourself by errors<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a id=\"Insight\"><\/a>Self-insight<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\">The extent to which the therapist is aware of their own feelings, including countertransference, and understands their basis<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 38px;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: center; height: 38px;\">Self-monitoring<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: center; height: 38px;\">Using thoughtful reflection, collecting data on our assumptions, concerned sharing with significant others, and other methods that may alert us to the self-deceptions we hold in our thoughts<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Key takeaways<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>As human beings, we (including psychotherapists) experience cognitive errors, musturbations, and countertransference reactions. Recognizing these and managing them essential components of self-care as a psychotherapist.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>It can be helpful for clinicians to get another therapist\u2019s viewpoint on our thinking (as a second step to self-monitoring) to inspire self-awareness and insight into our potential cognitive errors..<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u201cIntellectual insight by itself is about as efficacious as providing a starving person with only a dinner menu. But awareness and insight begin the process of cognitive restructuring\u201d (p. 117).<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a id=\"Ellis\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/study.com\/academy\/lesson\/albert-ellis-theory-lesson-quiz.html\">Albert Ellis<\/a>\u2019s list of 5 common therapist \u201cmusturbations\u201d:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">I must be successful with my patients, practically all of the time.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\">I must always make brilliant interpretations or empathetic responses.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\">I must help my clients more.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\">I must not fail with any of my clients, but if I do, it is my fault and I\u2019m a lousy person!<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">I must be one of the world\u2019s most outstanding therapists.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\">Every therapy session with clients (including difficult clients) must be good.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\">I must be an eminent therapist.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">I must be liked and respected by all my clients.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\">I must like all my clients, but if I do not, I must not allow myself to have negative feelings toward them.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\">I must not insist my clients work too hard in therapy.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\">I must avoid sensitive issues that might disturb or upset my clients.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Since I am a hard-working therapist, my clients should be equally persevering.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\">My clients should be tractable, not impossible!<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\">My clients should always have their homework assignments done on time.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\">I should only have <a id=\"Yavis\"><\/a>YAVIS (young, attractive, verbal, intelligent, and successful) clients! Don\u2019t hard-working, successful therapists deserve hard-working, successful patients?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">I must be able to enjoy myself during therapy.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\">I must use therapeutic techniques that I enjoy regardless of their benefit to the client.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\">I must use only simple techniques that will not drain my energy.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\">My sessions can be used to solve my own problems as well as the client\u2019s problems.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>To combat these, authors recommended, \u201c\u2026 practicing rational beliefs, practicing appropriate emotions (such as annoyance instead of misery), and practicing desirable behaviors\u201d (p. 120).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Five skills for managing countertransference (<a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar?q=Gelso+%26+Hayes,+2002&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=0&amp;as_vis=1&amp;oi=scholart\">Gelso &amp; Hayes, 2002<\/a>):\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Self-insight<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Self-integration<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Empathy<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Anxiety management<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Conceptualizing ability<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Self-monitoring of internal dialogue is the first step of cognitive restructuring.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a id=\"Solution\"><\/a>Solution focused therapy suggests that we switch from a problem to a solution mindset. We should focus on what is controllable and changeable with the client, rather than focusing on their negative reactions or labeling client\u2019s problematic way of being.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Humanistic Therapy suggests we should cognitively restructure our reactions to clients via empathy.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>We alleviate emotional distress by practicing: (a) rational beliefs, (b) appropriate emotions, and (c) desirable behavior.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cognitive errors common to psychotherapists:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li aria-level=\"1\">Selective abstraction<\/li>\r\n \t<li aria-level=\"1\"><a id=\"Overwhelm\"><\/a>Overwhelming tasks<\/li>\r\n \t<li aria-level=\"1\">Assuming causality<\/li>\r\n \t<li aria-level=\"1\">Catastrophizing<\/li>\r\n \t<li aria-level=\"1\">Dichotomous thinking<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;","rendered":"<h2><em>Leaving It At The Office<\/em><\/h2>\n<div style=\"width: 1920px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><!--[if lt IE 9]><script>document.createElement('video');<\/script><![endif]--><br \/>\n<video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-60-1\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5684\/2021\/06\/29190914\/chapter7.mp4?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5684\/2021\/06\/29190914\/chapter7.mp4\">https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5684\/2021\/06\/29190914\/chapter7.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2>Chelsea Schnorrbusch and Leah Ward<\/h2>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Key WORDS<\/h3>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 247px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 12px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 12px; text-align: center;\"><a id=\"Anxiety\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.therapistaid.com\/worksheets\/coping-skills-anxiety.pdf\">Anxiety Management<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 12px; text-align: center;\">Allowing yourself to experience anxiety but also processing the internal skills to control and understand anxiety so that it does not bleed over into responses to patients<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 12px; text-align: center;\"><a id=\"Caus\"><\/a>Assuming Causality<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 12px; text-align: center;\">Incorrectly assigning the blame or responsibility for adverse events to ourselves<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 12px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=uvDuzc5nrGQ\">Catastrophizing<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 12px; text-align: center;\"><a id=\"Cat\"><\/a>Anticipating the worst outcome<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 12px; text-align: center;\"><a id=\"CogErr\"><\/a>Cognitive Errors<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 12px; text-align: center;\">Exaggerated or irrational thinking patterns that often cause psychological distress<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/1a9990_ce2b0671f9044b6ca009b36f31e1b487~mv2.png\/v1\/fill\/w_560,h_560,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01\/Image-empty-state.webp\">Cognitive Restructuring<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\">A<a id=\"CogR\"><\/a> technique to combat errors in thinking; reframing cognitive errors in a way that is more realistic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 12px; text-align: center;\"><a id=\"Conc\"><\/a>Conceptualizing Ability<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 12px; text-align: center;\">The ability to draw on professional theory and to comprehend the patient\u2019s dynamics in relation to the therapeutic alliance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 12px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-diCgPEwntg\">Countertransference<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 12px; text-align: center;\"><a id=\"Counter\"><\/a>Internal and external reactions in which unresolved conflicts are implicated<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 12px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 12px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/dichotomous-thinking\">Dichotomous Thinking<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 12px; text-align: center;\"><a id=\"Dich\"><\/a>Either-or thinking which is both a cause and result of psychotherapist distress<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a id=\"Emp\"><\/a>Empathy<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\">Allows the therapist to focus on the patient\u2019s needs despite the difficulties they may be experiencing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hIHdjy5_RUE\">Musturbations<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a id=\"Must\"><\/a>The belief by some individuals that they must absolutely meet often perfectionist goals in order to achieve success, approval, or comfort<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/media\/ByRn1JCCIAEjmX8.jpg\">Selective Abstraction<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a id=\"Select\"><\/a>The mistake of believing that the only events that matter are failures and that you should measure yourself by errors<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a id=\"Insight\"><\/a>Self-insight<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\">The extent to which the therapist is aware of their own feelings, including countertransference, and understands their basis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 38px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: center; height: 38px;\">Self-monitoring<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: center; height: 38px;\">Using thoughtful reflection, collecting data on our assumptions, concerned sharing with significant others, and other methods that may alert us to the self-deceptions we hold in our thoughts<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Key takeaways<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>As human beings, we (including psychotherapists) experience cognitive errors, musturbations, and countertransference reactions. Recognizing these and managing them essential components of self-care as a psychotherapist.<\/li>\n<li>It can be helpful for clinicians to get another therapist\u2019s viewpoint on our thinking (as a second step to self-monitoring) to inspire self-awareness and insight into our potential cognitive errors..<\/li>\n<li>\u201cIntellectual insight by itself is about as efficacious as providing a starving person with only a dinner menu. But awareness and insight begin the process of cognitive restructuring\u201d (p. 117).<\/li>\n<li><a id=\"Ellis\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/study.com\/academy\/lesson\/albert-ellis-theory-lesson-quiz.html\">Albert Ellis<\/a>\u2019s list of 5 common therapist \u201cmusturbations\u201d:\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">I must be successful with my patients, practically all of the time.\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\">I must always make brilliant interpretations or empathetic responses.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\">I must help my clients more.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\">I must not fail with any of my clients, but if I do, it is my fault and I\u2019m a lousy person!<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">I must be one of the world\u2019s most outstanding therapists.\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\">Every therapy session with clients (including difficult clients) must be good.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\">I must be an eminent therapist.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">I must be liked and respected by all my clients.\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\">I must like all my clients, but if I do not, I must not allow myself to have negative feelings toward them.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\">I must not insist my clients work too hard in therapy.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\">I must avoid sensitive issues that might disturb or upset my clients.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Since I am a hard-working therapist, my clients should be equally persevering.\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\">My clients should be tractable, not impossible!<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\">My clients should always have their homework assignments done on time.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\">I should only have <a id=\"Yavis\"><\/a>YAVIS (young, attractive, verbal, intelligent, and successful) clients! Don\u2019t hard-working, successful therapists deserve hard-working, successful patients?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">I must be able to enjoy myself during therapy.\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\">I must use therapeutic techniques that I enjoy regardless of their benefit to the client.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\">I must use only simple techniques that will not drain my energy.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\">My sessions can be used to solve my own problems as well as the client\u2019s problems.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>To combat these, authors recommended, \u201c\u2026 practicing rational beliefs, practicing appropriate emotions (such as annoyance instead of misery), and practicing desirable behaviors\u201d (p. 120).<\/li>\n<li>Five skills for managing countertransference (<a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar?q=Gelso+%26+Hayes,+2002&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=0&amp;as_vis=1&amp;oi=scholart\">Gelso &amp; Hayes, 2002<\/a>):\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Self-insight<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Self-integration<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Empathy<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Anxiety management<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Conceptualizing ability<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Self-monitoring of internal dialogue is the first step of cognitive restructuring.<\/li>\n<li><a id=\"Solution\"><\/a>Solution focused therapy suggests that we switch from a problem to a solution mindset. We should focus on what is controllable and changeable with the client, rather than focusing on their negative reactions or labeling client\u2019s problematic way of being.<\/li>\n<li>Humanistic Therapy suggests we should cognitively restructure our reactions to clients via empathy.<\/li>\n<li>We alleviate emotional distress by practicing: (a) rational beliefs, (b) appropriate emotions, and (c) desirable behavior.<\/li>\n<li>Cognitive errors common to psychotherapists:\n<ol>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Selective abstraction<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><a id=\"Overwhelm\"><\/a>Overwhelming tasks<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Assuming causality<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Catastrophizing<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Dichotomous thinking<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":427302,"menu_order":7,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-60","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffalo-selfcare\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/60","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffalo-selfcare\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffalo-selfcare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffalo-selfcare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/427302"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffalo-selfcare\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/60\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":360,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffalo-selfcare\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/60\/revisions\/360"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffalo-selfcare\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffalo-selfcare\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/60\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffalo-selfcare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffalo-selfcare\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=60"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffalo-selfcare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=60"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffalo-selfcare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=60"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}