{"id":2748,"date":"2015-04-22T21:40:59","date_gmt":"2015-04-22T21:40:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/oschemtemp\/?post_type=chapter&p=2748"},"modified":"2015-08-27T15:36:15","modified_gmt":"2015-08-27T15:36:15","slug":"half-lives-for-several-radioactive-isotopes-missing-formulas","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffstate-chemistryformajorsxmaster\/chapter\/half-lives-for-several-radioactive-isotopes-missing-formulas\/","title":{"raw":"Half-Lives for Several Radioactive Isotopes","rendered":"Half-Lives for Several Radioactive Isotopes"},"content":{"raw":"\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Isotope<\/th>\r\nHalf-Life[footnote]y = years, d = days, h = hours, m = minutes, s = seconds[\/footnote]<\/th>\r\nType of Emission[footnote]E.C.<\/em> = electron capture, S.F.<\/em> = Spontaneous fission[\/footnote]<\/th>\r\nIsotope<\/th>\r\nHalf-Life[footnote]y = years, d = days, h = hours, m = minutes, s = seconds[\/footnote]<\/th>\r\nType of Emission[footnote]E.C.<\/em> = electron capture, S.F.<\/em> = Spontaneous fission[\/footnote]<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
[latex]{}_{6}^{14}\\text{C}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{5730\u00a0y}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]{}_{83}^{210}\\text{Bi}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{5}.0\\text{1\u00a0d}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]{}_{7}^{13}\\text{N}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{9}\\text{.97\u00a0m}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{+}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]{}_{83}^{212}\\text{Bi}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{6}0.\\text{55\u00a0m}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\text{\u00a0or\u00a0}{\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]{}_{9}^{15}\\text{F}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]4.1\u00a0\\times \u00a0{10}^{-22}\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(p\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]{}_{84}^{210}\\text{Po}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{138}.\\text{4\u00a0d}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]{}_{11}^{24}\\text{Na}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{15}\\text{.00\u00a0h}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]{}_{84}^{212}\\text{Po}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]3\u00a0\\times \u00a0{10}^{-7}\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]{}_{15}^{32}\\text{P}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{14}\\text{.29\u00a0d}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]{}_{84}^{216}\\text{Po}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]0.\\text{15\u00a0s}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]{}_{19}^{40}\\text{K}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]1.27\u00a0\\times \u00a0{10}^{9}\\text{y}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\beta \\text{\u00a0or\u00a0}E.C.\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]{}_{84}^{218}\\text{Po}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{3}.0\\text{5\u00a0m}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]{}_{26}^{49}\\text{Fe}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{0}\\text{.08\u00a0s}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{+}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]{}_{85}^{215}\\text{At}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]1.0\u00a0\\times \u00a0{10}^{-4}\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]{}_{26}^{60}\\text{Fe}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]2.6\u00a0\\times \u00a0{10}^{6}\\text{y}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]{}_{85}^{218}\\text{At}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{1}.\\text{6\u00a0s}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]{}_{27}^{60}\\text{Co}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{5}\\text{.27\u00a0y}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]{}_{86}^{220}\\text{Rn}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{55}.\\text{6\u00a0s}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]{}_{37}^{87}\\text{Rb}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]4.7\u00a0\\times \u00a0{10}^{10}\\text{y}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]{}_{86}^{222}\\text{Rn}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{3}.\\text{82\u00a0d}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]{}_{38}^{90}\\text{Sr}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{29\u00a0y}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]{}_{88}^{224}\\text{Ra}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{3}.\\text{66\u00a0d}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]{}_{49}^{115}\\text{In}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]5.1\u00a0\\times \u00a0{10}^{15}\\text{y}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]{}_{88}^{226}\\text{Ra}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{16}00\\text{\u00a0y}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]{}_{53}^{131}\\text{I}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{8}\\text{.040\u00a0d}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]{}_{88}^{228}\\text{Ra}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{5}.\\text{75\u00a0y}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]{}_{58}^{142}\\text{Ce}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]5\u00a0\\times \u00a0{10}^{15}\\text{y}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]{}_{89}^{228}\\text{Ac}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{6}.\\text{13\u00a0h}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]{}_{81}^{208}\\text{Tl}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{3}\\text{.07\u00a0m}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]{}_{90}^{228}\\text{Th}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{1}.\\text{913\u00a0y}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]{}_{82}^{210}\\text{Pb}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{22}\\text{.3\u00a0y}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]{}_{90}^{232}\\text{Th}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]1.4\u00a0\\times \u00a0{10}^{10}\\text{y}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]{}_{82}^{212}\\text{Pb}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{10}\\text{.6\u00a0h}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]{}_{90}^{233}\\text{Th}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{22\u00a0m}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]{}_{82}^{214}\\text{Pb}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{26}\\text{.8\u00a0m}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]{}_{90}^{234}\\text{Th}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{24}.\\text{1}0\\text{\u00a0d}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]{}_{83}^{206}\\text{Bi}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{6}\\text{.243\u00a0d}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(E.C.\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]{}_{91}^{233}\\text{Pa}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{27\u00a0d}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]{}_{92}^{233}\\text{U}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]1.59\u00a0\\times \u00a0{10}^{5}\\text{y}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]{}_{96}^{242}\\text{Cm}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{162}.\\text{8\u00a0d}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]{}_{92}^{234}\\text{U}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]2.45\u00a0\\times \u00a0{10}^{5}\\text{y}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]{}_{97}^{243}\\text{Bk}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{4}.\\text{5\u00a0h}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\text{\u00a0or\u00a0}E.C.\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]{}_{92}^{235}\\text{U}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]7.03\u00a0\\times \u00a0{10}^{8}\\text{y}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]{}_{99}^{253}\\text{Es}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{2}0.\\text{47\u00a0d}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]{}_{92}^{238}\\text{U}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]4.47\u00a0\\times \u00a0{10}^{9}\\text{y}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]{}_{100}^{254}\\text{Fm}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{3}.\\text{24\u00a0h}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\text{\u00a0or\u00a0}S.F.\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]{}_{92}^{239}\\text{U}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{23}\\text{.54\u00a0m}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]{}_{100}^{255}\\text{Fm}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{2}0.\\text{1\u00a0h}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]{}_{93}^{239}\\text{Np}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{2}\\text{.3\u00a0d}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]{}_{101}^{256}\\text{Md}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{76\u00a0m}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\text{\u00a0or\u00a0}E.C.\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]{}_{94}^{239}\\text{Pu}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]2.407\u00a0\\times \u00a0{10}^{4}\\text{y}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]{}_{102}^{254}\\text{No}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{55\u00a0s}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]{}_{94}^{240}\\text{Pu}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]6.54\u00a0\\times \u00a0{10}^{3}\\text{y}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]{}_{103}^{257}\\text{Lr}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]0.\\text{65\u00a0s}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]{}_{94}^{241}\\text{Pu}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{14}\\text{.4\u00a0y}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\text{\u00a0or\u00a0}{\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]{}_{105}^{260}\\text{Ha}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{1}.\\text{5\u00a0s}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\text{\u00a0or\u00a0}S.F.\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]{}_{95}^{241}\\text{Am}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\text{432}\\text{.2\u00a0y}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]{}_{106}^{263}\\text{Sg}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]0.\\text{8\u00a0s}[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\text{\u00a0or\u00a0}S.F.\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\n
","rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Isotope<\/th>\nHalf-Life[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/th>\nType of Emission[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/th>\nIsotope<\/th>\nHalf-Life[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/th>\nType of Emission[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
[latex]{}_{6}^{14}\\text{C}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{5730\u00a0y}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]{}_{83}^{210}\\text{Bi}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{5}.0\\text{1\u00a0d}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{}_{7}^{13}\\text{N}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{9}\\text{.97\u00a0m}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{+}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]{}_{83}^{212}\\text{Bi}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{6}0.\\text{55\u00a0m}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\text{\u00a0or\u00a0}{\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{}_{9}^{15}\\text{F}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]4.1\u00a0\\times \u00a0{10}^{-22}\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(p\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]{}_{84}^{210}\\text{Po}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{138}.\\text{4\u00a0d}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{}_{11}^{24}\\text{Na}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{15}\\text{.00\u00a0h}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]{}_{84}^{212}\\text{Po}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]3\u00a0\\times \u00a0{10}^{-7}\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{}_{15}^{32}\\text{P}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{14}\\text{.29\u00a0d}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]{}_{84}^{216}\\text{Po}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]0.\\text{15\u00a0s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{}_{19}^{40}\\text{K}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]1.27\u00a0\\times \u00a0{10}^{9}\\text{y}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\beta \\text{\u00a0or\u00a0}E.C.\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]{}_{84}^{218}\\text{Po}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{3}.0\\text{5\u00a0m}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{}_{26}^{49}\\text{Fe}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{0}\\text{.08\u00a0s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{+}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]{}_{85}^{215}\\text{At}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]1.0\u00a0\\times \u00a0{10}^{-4}\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{}_{26}^{60}\\text{Fe}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]2.6\u00a0\\times \u00a0{10}^{6}\\text{y}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]{}_{85}^{218}\\text{At}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{1}.\\text{6\u00a0s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{}_{27}^{60}\\text{Co}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{5}\\text{.27\u00a0y}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]{}_{86}^{220}\\text{Rn}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{55}.\\text{6\u00a0s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{}_{37}^{87}\\text{Rb}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]4.7\u00a0\\times \u00a0{10}^{10}\\text{y}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]{}_{86}^{222}\\text{Rn}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{3}.\\text{82\u00a0d}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{}_{38}^{90}\\text{Sr}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{29\u00a0y}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]{}_{88}^{224}\\text{Ra}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{3}.\\text{66\u00a0d}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{}_{49}^{115}\\text{In}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]5.1\u00a0\\times \u00a0{10}^{15}\\text{y}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]{}_{88}^{226}\\text{Ra}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{16}00\\text{\u00a0y}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{}_{53}^{131}\\text{I}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{8}\\text{.040\u00a0d}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]{}_{88}^{228}\\text{Ra}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{5}.\\text{75\u00a0y}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{}_{58}^{142}\\text{Ce}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]5\u00a0\\times \u00a0{10}^{15}\\text{y}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]{}_{89}^{228}\\text{Ac}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{6}.\\text{13\u00a0h}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{}_{81}^{208}\\text{Tl}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{3}\\text{.07\u00a0m}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]{}_{90}^{228}\\text{Th}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{1}.\\text{913\u00a0y}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{}_{82}^{210}\\text{Pb}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{22}\\text{.3\u00a0y}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]{}_{90}^{232}\\text{Th}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]1.4\u00a0\\times \u00a0{10}^{10}\\text{y}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{}_{82}^{212}\\text{Pb}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{10}\\text{.6\u00a0h}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]{}_{90}^{233}\\text{Th}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{22\u00a0m}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{}_{82}^{214}\\text{Pb}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{26}\\text{.8\u00a0m}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]{}_{90}^{234}\\text{Th}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{24}.\\text{1}0\\text{\u00a0d}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{}_{83}^{206}\\text{Bi}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{6}\\text{.243\u00a0d}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(E.C.\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]{}_{91}^{233}\\text{Pa}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{27\u00a0d}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{}_{92}^{233}\\text{U}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]1.59\u00a0\\times \u00a0{10}^{5}\\text{y}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]{}_{96}^{242}\\text{Cm}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{162}.\\text{8\u00a0d}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{}_{92}^{234}\\text{U}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]2.45\u00a0\\times \u00a0{10}^{5}\\text{y}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]{}_{97}^{243}\\text{Bk}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{4}.\\text{5\u00a0h}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\text{\u00a0or\u00a0}E.C.\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{}_{92}^{235}\\text{U}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]7.03\u00a0\\times \u00a0{10}^{8}\\text{y}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]{}_{99}^{253}\\text{Es}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{2}0.\\text{47\u00a0d}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{}_{92}^{238}\\text{U}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]4.47\u00a0\\times \u00a0{10}^{9}\\text{y}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]{}_{100}^{254}\\text{Fm}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{3}.\\text{24\u00a0h}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\text{\u00a0or\u00a0}S.F.\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{}_{92}^{239}\\text{U}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{23}\\text{.54\u00a0m}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]{}_{100}^{255}\\text{Fm}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{2}0.\\text{1\u00a0h}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{}_{93}^{239}\\text{Np}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{2}\\text{.3\u00a0d}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left({\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]{}_{101}^{256}\\text{Md}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{76\u00a0m}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\text{\u00a0or\u00a0}E.C.\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{}_{94}^{239}\\text{Pu}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]2.407\u00a0\\times \u00a0{10}^{4}\\text{y}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]{}_{102}^{254}\\text{No}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{55\u00a0s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{}_{94}^{240}\\text{Pu}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]6.54\u00a0\\times \u00a0{10}^{3}\\text{y}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]{}_{103}^{257}\\text{Lr}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]0.\\text{65\u00a0s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{}_{94}^{241}\\text{Pu}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{14}\\text{.4\u00a0y}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\text{\u00a0or\u00a0}{\\beta }^{-}\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]{}_{105}^{260}\\text{Ha}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{1}.\\text{5\u00a0s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\text{\u00a0or\u00a0}S.F.\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]{}_{95}^{241}\\text{Am}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\text{432}\\text{.2\u00a0y}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]{}_{106}^{263}\\text{Sg}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]0.\\text{8\u00a0s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\left(\\alpha \\text{\u00a0or\u00a0}S.F.\\right)[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
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Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t
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