{"id":3285,"date":"2015-05-06T03:51:01","date_gmt":"2015-05-06T03:51:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/oschemtemp\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=3285"},"modified":"2015-08-28T19:24:14","modified_gmt":"2015-08-28T19:24:14","slug":"introduction-35","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffstate-chemistryformajorsxmaster\/chapter\/introduction-35\/","title":{"raw":"Introduction","rendered":"Introduction"},"content":{"raw":"<h2>Chapter Outline<\/h2>\r\n<div data-type=\"abstract\">\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Electromagnetic Energy<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The Bohr Model<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Development of Quantum Theory<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Electronic Structure of Atoms (Electron Configurations)<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Periodic Variations in Element Properties<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p class=\"splash\">In 1054, Chinese astronomers recorded the appearance of a \u201cguest star\u201d in the sky, visible even during the day, which then disappeared slowly over the next two years. The sudden appearance was due to a supernova explosion, which was much brighter than the original star. Even though this supernova was observed almost a millennium ago, the remaining Crab Nebula (Figure 1) continues to release energy today. It emits not only visible light but also infrared light, X-rays, and other forms of electromagnetic radiation. The nebula emits both continuous spectra (the blue-white glow) and atomic emission spectra (the colored filaments). In this chapter, we will discuss light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation and how they are related to the electronic structure of atoms. We will also see how this radiation can be used to identify elements, even from thousands of light years away.<span data-type=\"media\" data-alt=\"A photo is shown of the Crab Nebula.\"><span data-type=\"media\" data-alt=\"A photo is shown of the Crab Nebula.\">\r\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"884\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/887\/2015\/05\/23213342\/CNX_Chem_06_00_CrabNeb.jpg\" alt=\"A photo is shown of the Crab Nebula.\" width=\"884\" height=\"442\" data-media-type=\"image\/jpeg\" \/> Figure 1. The Crab Nebula consists of remnants of a supernova (the explosion of a star). NASA\u2019s Hubble Space Telescope produced this composite image. Measurements of the emitted light wavelengths enabled astronomers to identify the elements in the nebula, determining that it contains specific ions including S<sup>+<\/sup> (green filaments) and O<sup>2+<\/sup> (red filaments). (credit: modification of work by NASA and ESA)[\/caption]","rendered":"<h2>Chapter Outline<\/h2>\n<div data-type=\"abstract\">\n<ul>\n<li>Electromagnetic Energy<\/li>\n<li>The Bohr Model<\/li>\n<li>Development of Quantum Theory<\/li>\n<li>Electronic Structure of Atoms (Electron Configurations)<\/li>\n<li>Periodic Variations in Element Properties<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"splash\">In 1054, Chinese astronomers recorded the appearance of a \u201cguest star\u201d in the sky, visible even during the day, which then disappeared slowly over the next two years. The sudden appearance was due to a supernova explosion, which was much brighter than the original star. Even though this supernova was observed almost a millennium ago, the remaining Crab Nebula (Figure 1) continues to release energy today. It emits not only visible light but also infrared light, X-rays, and other forms of electromagnetic radiation. The nebula emits both continuous spectra (the blue-white glow) and atomic emission spectra (the colored filaments). In this chapter, we will discuss light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation and how they are related to the electronic structure of atoms. We will also see how this radiation can be used to identify elements, even from thousands of light years away.<span data-type=\"media\" data-alt=\"A photo is shown of the Crab Nebula.\"><span data-type=\"media\" data-alt=\"A photo is shown of the Crab Nebula.\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 894px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/887\/2015\/05\/23213342\/CNX_Chem_06_00_CrabNeb.jpg\" alt=\"A photo is shown of the Crab Nebula.\" width=\"884\" height=\"442\" data-media-type=\"image\/jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1. The Crab Nebula consists of remnants of a supernova (the explosion of a star). NASA\u2019s Hubble Space Telescope produced this composite image. Measurements of the emitted light wavelengths enabled astronomers to identify the elements in the nebula, determining that it contains specific ions including S<sup>+<\/sup> (green filaments) and O<sup>2+<\/sup> (red filaments). (credit: modification of work by NASA and ESA)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-3285\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Chemistry. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: OpenStax College. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/openstaxcollege.org\">http:\/\/openstaxcollege.org<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Download for free at https:\/\/openstaxcollege.org\/textbooks\/chemistry\/get<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":5,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Chemistry\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"OpenStax College\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/openstaxcollege.org\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"Download for free at https:\/\/openstaxcollege.org\/textbooks\/chemistry\/get\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-3285","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":3014,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffstate-chemistryformajorsxmaster\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3285","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffstate-chemistryformajorsxmaster\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffstate-chemistryformajorsxmaster\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffstate-chemistryformajorsxmaster\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffstate-chemistryformajorsxmaster\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3285\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5144,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffstate-chemistryformajorsxmaster\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3285\/revisions\/5144"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffstate-chemistryformajorsxmaster\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3014"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffstate-chemistryformajorsxmaster\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3285\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffstate-chemistryformajorsxmaster\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3285"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffstate-chemistryformajorsxmaster\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=3285"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffstate-chemistryformajorsxmaster\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=3285"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-buffstate-chemistryformajorsxmaster\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=3285"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}