{"id":608,"date":"2014-12-01T19:40:54","date_gmt":"2014-12-01T19:40:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/englishcomp21xmaster\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=608"},"modified":"2014-12-01T19:40:54","modified_gmt":"2014-12-01T19:40:54","slug":"blending-source-material-with-your-own-work","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-ccc-engl-1010-1\/chapter\/blending-source-material-with-your-own-work\/","title":{"raw":"Blending Source Material with Your Own Work","rendered":"Blending Source Material with Your Own Work"},"content":{"raw":"When working with sources, many students worry they are simply regurgitating ideas that others formulated. That is why it is important for you to develop your own assertions, organize your findings so that your own ideas are still the thrust of the paper, and take care not to rely too much on any one source, or your paper\u2019s content might be controlled too heavily by that source.\r\n\r\nIn practical terms, some ways to develop and back up your assertions include:\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><em>Blend sources with your\u00a0assertions<\/em>. Organize your sources before and as you write so that they blend, even within paragraphs. Your paper\u2014both globally and at the paragraph level\u2014should reveal relationships among your sources, and should also reveal the relationships between your own ideas and those of your sources.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><em>Write an original introduction and conclusion<\/em>. As much as is practical, make the paper\u2019s introduction and conclusion your own ideas or your own synthesis of the ideas inherent in your research. Use sources minimally in your introduction and conclusion.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><em>Open and close paragraphs with originality<\/em>. In general, use the openings and closing of your paragraphs to reveal your work\u2014\u201cenclose\u201d your sources among your assertions. At a minimum, create your own topic sentences and wrap-up sentences for paragraphs.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><em>Use transparent rhetorical strategies<\/em>. When appropriate, outwardly practice such rhetorical strategies as analysis, synthesis, comparison, contrast, summary, description, definition, hierarchical structure, evaluation, hypothesis, generalization, classification, and even narration. Prove to your reader that you are\u00a0<em>thinking<\/em>\u00a0as you write.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nAlso, you must clarify where your own ideas end and the cited information begins. Part of your job is to help your reader draw the line between these two things, often by the way you create context for the cited information. A phrase such as \u201cA 1979 study revealed that . . .\u201d is an obvious announcement of citation to come. Another recommended technique is the insertion of the author\u2019s name into the text to announce the beginning of your cited information. You may worry that you are not allowed to give the actual names of sources you have studied in the paper\u2019s text, but just the opposite is true. In fact, the more respectable a source you cite, the more impressed your reader is likely to be with your material while reading. If you note that the source is the NASA Science website or an article by Stephen Jay Gould or a recent edition of\u00a0<em>The Wall Street Journal<\/em>\u00a0right in your text, you offer your readers immediate context without their having to guess or flip to the references page to look up the source.\r\n\r\nWhat follows is an excerpt from a political science paper that clearly and admirably draws the line between writer and cited information:\r\n<blockquote>The above political upheaval illuminates the reasons behind the growing Iranian hatred of foreign interference; as a result of this hatred, three enduring geopolitical patterns have evolved in Iran, as noted by John Limbert. First . . .<\/blockquote>\r\nNote how the writer begins by redefining her previous paragraph\u2019s topic (political upheaval), then connects this to Iran\u2019s hatred of foreign interference, then suggests a causal relationship and ties her ideas into John Limbert\u2019s analysis\u2014thereby announcing that a synthesis of Limbert\u2019s work is coming. This writer\u2019s work also becomes more credible and meaningful because, right in the text, she announces the name of a person who is a recognized authority in the field. Even in this short excerpt, it is obvious that this writer is using proper citation and backing up her own assertions with confidence and style.","rendered":"<p>When working with sources, many students worry they are simply regurgitating ideas that others formulated. That is why it is important for you to develop your own assertions, organize your findings so that your own ideas are still the thrust of the paper, and take care not to rely too much on any one source, or your paper\u2019s content might be controlled too heavily by that source.<\/p>\n<p>In practical terms, some ways to develop and back up your assertions include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Blend sources with your\u00a0assertions<\/em>. Organize your sources before and as you write so that they blend, even within paragraphs. Your paper\u2014both globally and at the paragraph level\u2014should reveal relationships among your sources, and should also reveal the relationships between your own ideas and those of your sources.<\/li>\n<li><em>Write an original introduction and conclusion<\/em>. As much as is practical, make the paper\u2019s introduction and conclusion your own ideas or your own synthesis of the ideas inherent in your research. Use sources minimally in your introduction and conclusion.<\/li>\n<li><em>Open and close paragraphs with originality<\/em>. In general, use the openings and closing of your paragraphs to reveal your work\u2014\u201cenclose\u201d your sources among your assertions. At a minimum, create your own topic sentences and wrap-up sentences for paragraphs.<\/li>\n<li><em>Use transparent rhetorical strategies<\/em>. When appropriate, outwardly practice such rhetorical strategies as analysis, synthesis, comparison, contrast, summary, description, definition, hierarchical structure, evaluation, hypothesis, generalization, classification, and even narration. Prove to your reader that you are\u00a0<em>thinking<\/em>\u00a0as you write.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Also, you must clarify where your own ideas end and the cited information begins. Part of your job is to help your reader draw the line between these two things, often by the way you create context for the cited information. A phrase such as \u201cA 1979 study revealed that . . .\u201d is an obvious announcement of citation to come. Another recommended technique is the insertion of the author\u2019s name into the text to announce the beginning of your cited information. You may worry that you are not allowed to give the actual names of sources you have studied in the paper\u2019s text, but just the opposite is true. In fact, the more respectable a source you cite, the more impressed your reader is likely to be with your material while reading. If you note that the source is the NASA Science website or an article by Stephen Jay Gould or a recent edition of\u00a0<em>The Wall Street Journal<\/em>\u00a0right in your text, you offer your readers immediate context without their having to guess or flip to the references page to look up the source.<\/p>\n<p>What follows is an excerpt from a political science paper that clearly and admirably draws the line between writer and cited information:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The above political upheaval illuminates the reasons behind the growing Iranian hatred of foreign interference; as a result of this hatred, three enduring geopolitical patterns have evolved in Iran, as noted by John Limbert. First . . .<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Note how the writer begins by redefining her previous paragraph\u2019s topic (political upheaval), then connects this to Iran\u2019s hatred of foreign interference, then suggests a causal relationship and ties her ideas into John Limbert\u2019s analysis\u2014thereby announcing that a synthesis of Limbert\u2019s work is coming. This writer\u2019s work also becomes more credible and meaningful because, right in the text, she announces the name of a person who is a recognized authority in the field. Even in this short excerpt, it is obvious that this writer is using proper citation and backing up her own assertions with confidence and style.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-608\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Blending Source Material with Your Own Work. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Joe Schall. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.e-education.psu.edu\/styleforstudents\/c5_p7.html\">https:\/\/www.e-education.psu.edu\/styleforstudents\/c5_p7.html<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":128,"menu_order":12,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Blending Source Material with Your Own Work\",\"author\":\"Joe Schall\",\"organization\":\"College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.e-education.psu.edu\/styleforstudents\/c5_p7.html\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-608","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":295,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-ccc-engl-1010-1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/608","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-ccc-engl-1010-1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-ccc-engl-1010-1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-ccc-engl-1010-1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/128"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-ccc-engl-1010-1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/608\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":609,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-ccc-engl-1010-1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/608\/revisions\/609"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-ccc-engl-1010-1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/295"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-ccc-engl-1010-1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/608\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-ccc-engl-1010-1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=608"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-ccc-engl-1010-1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=608"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-ccc-engl-1010-1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=608"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-ccc-engl-1010-1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=608"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}