Introductions & Conclusions: References

Aristotle (1982). The art of rhetoric. (J.H. Freese, Trans.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Bitzer, L. (1968). The rhetorical situation. Philosophy and Rhetoric, 1, 1-14.

Bono. (2006, February 2). Keynote address at the 54th national prayer breakfast. Speech posted at http://www.americanrhetoric.com/sp eeches/bononationalprayerbreakfast. htm

Burgoon, J. K. & and Hale, J. L. (1988). Nonverbal expectancy violations: Model elaboration and application to immediacy behaviors. Communication Monographs, 55, (1), 58-79.

Flora, C. (May-June 2004). The once- over you can trust: First impressions. Psychology Today, 37 (3), 60-64.

Fisher, W. (1987). Human communication as narration: Toward a philosophy of reason, value, and action. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press.

Garlick, R. (1993). Verbal descriptions, communicative encounters and impressions. Communication Quarterly, 41, 394-404.

Glaser, E. (1992, July 14). 1992 Democratic national convention address. Speech posted at http://www.americanrhetoric.com/sp eeches/elizabethglaser1992dnc.htm

Johnson, L. (1964, May 22). The great society. Speech posted at http://www.americanrhetoric.com/sp eeches/lbjthegreatsociety.htm

Kennedy, T. (1980, August 12). 1980 democratic national convention address. Speech posted at http://www.americanrhetoric.com/sp eeches/tedkennedy1980dnc.htm

King, Jr., M. L. (1963, August 28). I have a dream.” Speech posted at http://www.americanrhetoric.com/sp eeches/mlkihaveadream.htm

Lehrer, J. (Interviewer) & Stockdale, J. (Interviewee). (1999). Debating our Destiny: Admiral James Stockdale. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/newshour/debati ngourdestiny/interviews/stockdale.ht ml

Lincoln. A. (1863, November 19). The Gettysburg address. Speech posted at http://www.americanrhetoric.com/sp eeches/gettysburgaddress.htm

Reagan, R. (1989, January 11). Farewell address to the nation. Speech posted at http://www.americanrhetoric.com/sp eeches/ronaldreaganfarewelladdress. html

Richards, A. (1998, July 19). Democratic national convention keynote address. Speech posted at http://www.americanrhetoric.com/sp eeches/annrichards1988dnc.htm

Schenck v. United States, 249 US 47 (1919).

Stockdale, J. (1992, October 19). The 1992 vice presidential debate. Speech posted at http://www.pbs.org/newshour/debati ngourdestiny/92debates/vp1.html

Townsend, C. (2007, February 5). Spring break in Mexico. Speech posted at http://msustr0.campus.mnsu.edu:808 0/cah/gorgias/333/MMS/Cassie.wmv

photo credits

p. 1 Muhammad Yunnus by schipulites http://s3.amazonaws.com/estock/fspid9/1 9/21/48/0/hwac-grameenbank-author- 1921480-o.jpg

p. 2 Pueblo Bonito Emerald Bay, Mazatlan by bryce_edwards http://www.everystockphoto.com/photo.p hp?imageId=3834933&searchId=d2b527 e266d9adaf3b9eb5ba28008afc&npos=11 p. 4 Abraham Lincoln by U.S. Library of Congress http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_p hoto_portrait.jpg

p. 4 Bono at the National Prayer Breakfast by Paul Morse http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: National_prayer_breakfast_2006.jpg

p. 5 Kelly McCann by schipulites

http://www.everystockphoto.com/photo.p hp?imageId=2101671&searchId=117192 ced800c1f4d61c5a6c55f6ee64&npos=4 p. 5 Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes by National Photo Company http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Justice_Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_standin g.jpg

p. 6 President Ronald Reagan by White House Photographic Office http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/co mmons/7/73/Reagan_farewell_salute.jpg p. 7 Laughing Audience by Damian Buonamico http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Audience_enjoy_Stallman%27s_jokes.jp g

p. 7 Governor Ann Richards by Kenneth Zirkel http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Ann_Richards.jpg

p. 8 Ed Miliband by net_efekt

http://www.everystockphoto.com/photo.p hp?imageId=2282400&searchId=d1715ef c5a67ac1c988152b8136e3dfa&npos=37 p. 8 Woman with Laptop by Matthew Bowden http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Woman-typing-on-laptop.jpg

p. 9 LBJ at the University of Michigan Commencement by LBJ Library and Museum http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: LBJ_at_the_University_of_Michigan.jpg p. 10 President Johnson’s Poverty Tour 1964 by Cecil Saughton http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: 225-9-wh64_small.jpg

p. 10 Woman speaks at BP Oil Flood Protest New Orleans by Derek Bridges http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: BP_Oil_Flood_Protest_in_New_Orleans _30.jpg
p. 11 Martin Luther King March on Washington by National Archives and Records Administration http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Martin_Luther_King_- _March_on_Washington.jpg
p. 11 Kyung-wha Khang Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights by U.S. Mission Geneva http://www.everystockphoto.com/photo.p hp?imageId=7527423&searchId=488e81 758eb12a809a21e316d0f1ab1b&npos=20 5
* All other photos from Microsoft Clipart