{"id":1224,"date":"2015-02-25T22:30:55","date_gmt":"2015-02-25T22:30:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/publicspeaking1xmaster\/?post_type=chapter&p=1224"},"modified":"2015-03-03T22:23:16","modified_gmt":"2015-03-03T22:23:16","slug":"chapter-4-glossary","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-ccc-spch-1080-1\/chapter\/chapter-4-glossary\/","title":{"raw":"Listening Effectively: Glossary","rendered":"Listening Effectively: Glossary"},"content":{"raw":"
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GLOSSARY<\/h3>\r\n
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\r\n\r\nAppreciative Listening<\/strong>\r\n\r\nListening for entertainment or pleasure purposes. This is the type of listening we might employ listening to music, watching television, or viewing a movie.\r\n\r\nAuditory Association<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe process by which the mind sorts the perceived sound into a category so that heard information is recognized. New stimuli is differentiated by comparing and contrasting with previously heard sounds.\r\n\r\nCommunication Loop<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA traditional communication model that has both sender and receiver sharing responsibility for communicating a message, listening, and offering feedback. The sender encodes a message for the receiver to decode. Effectiveness of the communication depends on the two sharing a similar interpretation of the message and feedback (which can be verbal or nonverbal).\r\n\r\nConstructive Feedback<\/strong>\r\n\r\nFocuses on being specific, applicable, immediate, and intends to help the speaker to improve. The feedback should be phrased as \u201cThe story you told about you and your sister in Disneyland really helped me to understand your relationship...\u201d rather than \u201cthat was great, Jane.\u201d\r\n\r\nCritical Listening<\/strong>\r\n\r\nWhen we are listening, aiming to gain information with which we will evaluate a speaker, or the product or proposal the speaker is endorsing. This is often employed when we are looking to make choices, or find points of disagreement with a speaker.\r\n\r\n\u201cDeaf Spots\u201d<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe preconceived notions or beliefs a listener might hold dear that can interfere with listening effectively. These are barriers to having an open mind to receive the sender\u2019s message.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nEmotional Trigger<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA word, concept, or idea that causes the listener to react emotionally. When listeners react to a speaker from an emotional perspective, their ability to listen effectively is compromised.\r\n\r\nEmpathetic (Therapeutic) Listening<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA level of relationship listening that aims to help the speaker feel heard and understand, also appreciated. This is also known as therapeutic listening as it is employed most often by counselors, conflict mediators, or religious representatives.\r\n\r\nEthos<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA speaker aims to establish credibility on the topic at hand with her audience by appealing to ethos. This reflects the speaker\u2019s character, her ability to speak to the values of the listener, and her competence to discuss the topic.\r\n\r\nHearing<\/strong>\r\n\r\nHearing is a three-step process. It involves receiving sound in the ear, perceiving sound in the brain, and processing the information offered by the sound to associate and distinguish it.\r\n\r\nInformational Listening<\/strong>\r\n\r\nListening to learn information. For instance, this is the kind of listening students employ in classroom settings to gain knowledge about a topic.\r\n\r\nIntrinsic Motivation<\/strong>\r\n\r\nEffective listeners will find a reason within themselves to want to hear, understand, interpret, and remember the speaker\u2019s message. Wanting to pass a possible quiz is an extrinsic motivation, while wanting to learn the material out of curiosity about the topic is intrinsic motivation.\r\n\r\n\u201cListener\u2019s Lean\u201d<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAudience members who are intent on what is being said will lean forward. This is a nonverbal endorsement of the listener\u2019s attention and the effect of the speaker\u2019s message.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nListening<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThis is the conscious act of focusing on the words or sounds to make meaning of a message. Listening requires more intentional effort than the physiological act of hearing.\r\n\r\nListening Reminder<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA note made by a listener acknowledging intent to focus on the speaker\u2019s message and tune out distractions. A reminder might also encourage a listener to keep an open mind, or to provide open and encouraging body language.\r\n\r\nNonverbal Communication<\/strong>\r\n\r\nPhysical behaviors that communicate the message or the feedback from the listener. These include leaning in, nodding one\u2019s head, maintaining eye contact, crossing arms in front of the body, and offering sounds of agreement or dissent.\r\n\r\nPathos<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAn appeal to the audience\u2019s emotions, trying to trigger sympathy, pity, guilt, or sorrow. Pathos, along with ethos, and logos, make up the rhetorical triangle of appeals, according to Aristotle. An effective speaker will appeal to all three.\r\n\r\nRelational Listening<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe active and involved listening we do with people we love and care about. This is listening where we acknowledge our sympathy for the speaker, encourage them to tell more, and build trust with friends or family members by showing interest in their concerns.\r\n\r\nWriting for the Ear<\/strong>\r\n\r\nKeeping in mind, when writing a speech, that you must use language, pace, repetition, and other elements to help your audience to hear and see what you are speaking about. Remember, the listener must hear and understand your message as you speak it.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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GLOSSARY<\/h3>\n
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Appreciative Listening<\/strong><\/p>\n

Listening for entertainment or pleasure purposes. This is the type of listening we might employ listening to music, watching television, or viewing a movie.<\/p>\n

Auditory Association<\/strong><\/p>\n

The process by which the mind sorts the perceived sound into a category so that heard information is recognized. New stimuli is differentiated by comparing and contrasting with previously heard sounds.<\/p>\n

Communication Loop<\/strong><\/p>\n

A traditional communication model that has both sender and receiver sharing responsibility for communicating a message, listening, and offering feedback. The sender encodes a message for the receiver to decode. Effectiveness of the communication depends on the two sharing a similar interpretation of the message and feedback (which can be verbal or nonverbal).<\/p>\n

Constructive Feedback<\/strong><\/p>\n

Focuses on being specific, applicable, immediate, and intends to help the speaker to improve. The feedback should be phrased as \u201cThe story you told about you and your sister in Disneyland really helped me to understand your relationship…\u201d rather than \u201cthat was great, Jane.\u201d<\/p>\n

Critical Listening<\/strong><\/p>\n

When we are listening, aiming to gain information with which we will evaluate a speaker, or the product or proposal the speaker is endorsing. This is often employed when we are looking to make choices, or find points of disagreement with a speaker.<\/p>\n

\u201cDeaf Spots\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

The preconceived notions or beliefs a listener might hold dear that can interfere with listening effectively. These are barriers to having an open mind to receive the sender\u2019s message.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Emotional Trigger<\/strong><\/p>\n

A word, concept, or idea that causes the listener to react emotionally. When listeners react to a speaker from an emotional perspective, their ability to listen effectively is compromised.<\/p>\n

Empathetic (Therapeutic) Listening<\/strong><\/p>\n

A level of relationship listening that aims to help the speaker feel heard and understand, also appreciated. This is also known as therapeutic listening as it is employed most often by counselors, conflict mediators, or religious representatives.<\/p>\n

Ethos<\/strong><\/p>\n

A speaker aims to establish credibility on the topic at hand with her audience by appealing to ethos. This reflects the speaker\u2019s character, her ability to speak to the values of the listener, and her competence to discuss the topic.<\/p>\n

Hearing<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hearing is a three-step process. It involves receiving sound in the ear, perceiving sound in the brain, and processing the information offered by the sound to associate and distinguish it.<\/p>\n

Informational Listening<\/strong><\/p>\n

Listening to learn information. For instance, this is the kind of listening students employ in classroom settings to gain knowledge about a topic.<\/p>\n

Intrinsic Motivation<\/strong><\/p>\n

Effective listeners will find a reason within themselves to want to hear, understand, interpret, and remember the speaker\u2019s message. Wanting to pass a possible quiz is an extrinsic motivation, while wanting to learn the material out of curiosity about the topic is intrinsic motivation.<\/p>\n

\u201cListener\u2019s Lean\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Audience members who are intent on what is being said will lean forward. This is a nonverbal endorsement of the listener\u2019s attention and the effect of the speaker\u2019s message.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Listening<\/strong><\/p>\n

This is the conscious act of focusing on the words or sounds to make meaning of a message. Listening requires more intentional effort than the physiological act of hearing.<\/p>\n

Listening Reminder<\/strong><\/p>\n

A note made by a listener acknowledging intent to focus on the speaker\u2019s message and tune out distractions. A reminder might also encourage a listener to keep an open mind, or to provide open and encouraging body language.<\/p>\n

Nonverbal Communication<\/strong><\/p>\n

Physical behaviors that communicate the message or the feedback from the listener. These include leaning in, nodding one\u2019s head, maintaining eye contact, crossing arms in front of the body, and offering sounds of agreement or dissent.<\/p>\n

Pathos<\/strong><\/p>\n

An appeal to the audience\u2019s emotions, trying to trigger sympathy, pity, guilt, or sorrow. Pathos, along with ethos, and logos, make up the rhetorical triangle of appeals, according to Aristotle. An effective speaker will appeal to all three.<\/p>\n

Relational Listening<\/strong><\/p>\n

The active and involved listening we do with people we love and care about. This is listening where we acknowledge our sympathy for the speaker, encourage them to tell more, and build trust with friends or family members by showing interest in their concerns.<\/p>\n

Writing for the Ear<\/strong><\/p>\n

Keeping in mind, when writing a speech, that you must use language, pace, repetition, and other elements to help your audience to hear and see what you are speaking about. Remember, the listener must hear and understand your message as you speak it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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