{"id":788,"date":"2015-02-20T21:26:26","date_gmt":"2015-02-20T21:26:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/publicspeaking1xmaster\/?post_type=chapter&p=788"},"modified":"2015-03-03T19:43:38","modified_gmt":"2015-03-03T19:43:38","slug":"chapter-16-glossary","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-ccc-spch-1080-1\/chapter\/chapter-16-glossary\/","title":{"raw":"Persuasive Speaking: Glossary","rendered":"Persuasive Speaking: Glossary"},"content":{"raw":"
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GLOSSARY<\/h3>\r\n
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\r\n\r\nArgument<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA proposition supported by one or more reasons or pieces of evidence.\r\n\r\nBacking<\/strong>\r\n\r\nFoundational evidence which supports a claim, such as examples, statistics, or testimony.\r\n\r\nCausal Pattern<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA speech designed to explain a cause-effect relationship between two phenomena.\r\n\r\nCausal Reasoning<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe process of formulating an argument by examining related events to determine which one caused the other.\r\n\r\nClaim<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe proposition you want the\r\n\r\naudience to accept.\r\n\r\nCoercion<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA process whereby thoughts or behaviors are altered through deceptive or harmful methods.\r\n\r\nData<\/strong>\r\n\r\nPreliminary evidence on which a claim is based.\r\n\r\nDeductive Reasoning<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe process of formulating an argument by moving from a general premise to a specific conclusion.\r\n\r\nDemographics<\/strong>\r\n\r\nStatistical information that reflects the make-up of a group, often including age, sex, ethnic or cultural background, socioeconomic status, religion, and political affiliation.\r\n\r\nDirect Method Pattern<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA speech designed to present a claim with a list of several supporting pieces of data.\r\n\r\nEthos<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe audience\u2019s perception of a speaker\u2019s credibility and moral character.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nEvaluation Criteria<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA set of standards for judging the merit of a proposition.\r\n\r\nFallacies<\/strong>\r\n\r\nErrors in reasoning that occur when a speaker fails to use appropriate or applicable evidence for their argument.\r\n\r\nHostile Audience<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAn audience that is opposed to the speaker or to the persuasive proposition.\r\n\r\nIdentification<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA connection that is fostered between the speaker and their audience by highlighting shared attributes or attitudes.\r\n\r\nInductive Reasoning<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe process of formulating an argument by moving from specific instances to a generalization.\r\n\r\nLogos<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe logical means of proving an argument.\r\n\r\nMonroe\u2019s Motivated Sequence<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAn organizational pattern that attempts to convince the audience to respond to a need that is delineated in the speech through five sequential steps.\r\n\r\nNeutral Audience<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAn audience that is neither open nor opposed to the persuasive proposition.\r\n\r\nPathos<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe use of emotional appeals to persuade an audience.\r\n\r\nPersuasion<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe art of influencing or reinforcing people\u2019s beliefs, attitudes, values, or actions.\r\n\r\nPersuasive Speeches<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSpeeches which aim to convince an audience to think or behave in a particular way.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nProposition of Fact<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAn argument that seeks to establish whether something is true or false.\r\n\r\nProposition of Policy<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAn argument that seeks to establish an appropriate course of action.\r\n\r\nProposition of Value<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAn argument that seeks to establish the relative worth of something.\r\n\r\nReceptive Audience<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAn audience that is generally supportive of, or open to, the persuasive proposition.\r\n\r\nRefutation Pattern<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA speech designed to anticipate the negative response of an audience, to bring attention to the tensions between the two sides of the argument, and to explain why the audience should change their views.\r\n\r\nSpeeches to Actuate<\/strong>\r\n\r\nPersuasive speeches which seek to change or motivate particular behaviors.\r\n\r\nSpeeches to Convince<\/strong>\r\n\r\nPersuasive speeches which seek to establish agreement about a particular topic.\r\n\r\nStatus Quo<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe current situation.\r\n\r\nSyllogisms<\/strong>\r\n\r\nReasoning beginning with a major premise, then moving to a minor premise, before establishing a specific claim.\r\n\r\nWarrant<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe (often unstated) connection between data and claim.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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GLOSSARY<\/h3>\n
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Argument<\/strong><\/p>\n

A proposition supported by one or more reasons or pieces of evidence.<\/p>\n

Backing<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foundational evidence which supports a claim, such as examples, statistics, or testimony.<\/p>\n

Causal Pattern<\/strong><\/p>\n

A speech designed to explain a cause-effect relationship between two phenomena.<\/p>\n

Causal Reasoning<\/strong><\/p>\n

The process of formulating an argument by examining related events to determine which one caused the other.<\/p>\n

Claim<\/strong><\/p>\n

The proposition you want the<\/p>\n

audience to accept.<\/p>\n

Coercion<\/strong><\/p>\n

A process whereby thoughts or behaviors are altered through deceptive or harmful methods.<\/p>\n

Data<\/strong><\/p>\n

Preliminary evidence on which a claim is based.<\/p>\n

Deductive Reasoning<\/strong><\/p>\n

The process of formulating an argument by moving from a general premise to a specific conclusion.<\/p>\n

Demographics<\/strong><\/p>\n

Statistical information that reflects the make-up of a group, often including age, sex, ethnic or cultural background, socioeconomic status, religion, and political affiliation.<\/p>\n

Direct Method Pattern<\/strong><\/p>\n

A speech designed to present a claim with a list of several supporting pieces of data.<\/p>\n

Ethos<\/strong><\/p>\n

The audience\u2019s perception of a speaker\u2019s credibility and moral character.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Evaluation Criteria<\/strong><\/p>\n

A set of standards for judging the merit of a proposition.<\/p>\n

Fallacies<\/strong><\/p>\n

Errors in reasoning that occur when a speaker fails to use appropriate or applicable evidence for their argument.<\/p>\n

Hostile Audience<\/strong><\/p>\n

An audience that is opposed to the speaker or to the persuasive proposition.<\/p>\n

Identification<\/strong><\/p>\n

A connection that is fostered between the speaker and their audience by highlighting shared attributes or attitudes.<\/p>\n

Inductive Reasoning<\/strong><\/p>\n

The process of formulating an argument by moving from specific instances to a generalization.<\/p>\n

Logos<\/strong><\/p>\n

The logical means of proving an argument.<\/p>\n

Monroe\u2019s Motivated Sequence<\/strong><\/p>\n

An organizational pattern that attempts to convince the audience to respond to a need that is delineated in the speech through five sequential steps.<\/p>\n

Neutral Audience<\/strong><\/p>\n

An audience that is neither open nor opposed to the persuasive proposition.<\/p>\n

Pathos<\/strong><\/p>\n

The use of emotional appeals to persuade an audience.<\/p>\n

Persuasion<\/strong><\/p>\n

The art of influencing or reinforcing people\u2019s beliefs, attitudes, values, or actions.<\/p>\n

Persuasive Speeches<\/strong><\/p>\n

Speeches which aim to convince an audience to think or behave in a particular way.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Proposition of Fact<\/strong><\/p>\n

An argument that seeks to establish whether something is true or false.<\/p>\n

Proposition of Policy<\/strong><\/p>\n

An argument that seeks to establish an appropriate course of action.<\/p>\n

Proposition of Value<\/strong><\/p>\n

An argument that seeks to establish the relative worth of something.<\/p>\n

Receptive Audience<\/strong><\/p>\n

An audience that is generally supportive of, or open to, the persuasive proposition.<\/p>\n

Refutation Pattern<\/strong><\/p>\n

A speech designed to anticipate the negative response of an audience, to bring attention to the tensions between the two sides of the argument, and to explain why the audience should change their views.<\/p>\n

Speeches to Actuate<\/strong><\/p>\n

Persuasive speeches which seek to change or motivate particular behaviors.<\/p>\n

Speeches to Convince<\/strong><\/p>\n

Persuasive speeches which seek to establish agreement about a particular topic.<\/p>\n

Status Quo<\/strong><\/p>\n

The current situation.<\/p>\n

Syllogisms<\/strong><\/p>\n

Reasoning beginning with a major premise, then moving to a minor premise, before establishing a specific claim.<\/p>\n

Warrant<\/strong><\/p>\n

The (often unstated) connection between data and claim.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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