{"id":880,"date":"2015-02-23T22:05:16","date_gmt":"2015-02-23T22:05:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/publicspeaking1xmaster\/?post_type=chapter&p=880"},"modified":"2015-03-03T19:53:34","modified_gmt":"2015-03-03T19:53:34","slug":"chapter-6-glossary","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-ccc-spch-1080-1\/chapter\/chapter-6-glossary\/","title":{"raw":"Critical Thinking & Reasoning: Glossary","rendered":"Critical Thinking & Reasoning: Glossary"},"content":{"raw":"
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GLOSSARY<\/h3>\r\n
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\r\n\r\nAccident Fallacy<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA fallacy that occurs when a generally true statement is applied to a specific case that is unusual.\r\n\r\nAmbiguity Fallacy<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA fallacy that occurs when a word having more than one meaning appears in the argument.\r\n\r\nAnalysis<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe process of asking what is happening in a message through breaking it into its individual components and asking questions of each section.\r\n\r\nAppeal to Authority<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA fallacy that occurs when the truth of a proposition is thought to rest in the opinion of a famous other or authority.\r\n\r\nAppeal to Ignorance<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA fallacy that occurs when we argue something must be accepted because it cannot be proven otherwise.\r\n\r\nAppeal to Pity<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA fallacy that occurs when an argument attempts to win acceptance by focusing on the unfortunate consequences that will occur if it is not accepted.\r\n\r\nArgument<\/strong>\r\n\r\nStatements that combine reasoning with evidence to support an assertion.\r\n\r\nBad Reasons Fallacy<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA fallacy that occurs when then we assume the conclusion of an argument to be bad because a part of the argument is bad.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nBegging the Question<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA fallacy that occurs when the conclusion of the argument is also used as one of the premises.\r\n\r\nBlack and White Fallacy<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA fallacy that occurs when the audience is only given two choices.\r\n\r\nComposition Fallacy<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA fallacy that occurs when we assume that traits inherent in the parts are also present when the parts are combined into a whole.\r\n\r\nCritical Thinking<\/strong>\r\n\r\nActive thinking in which we evaluate and analyze information in order to determine the best course of action.\r\n\r\nDeduction<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAn argument in which the truth of the premises of the argument guarantee the truth of its conclusion.\r\n\r\nDivision<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA fallacy that occurs when we assume that the trait of a whole occurs when the whole is divided into its parts.\r\n\r\nEvaluation<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe process of assessing the various claims and premises of an argument to determine their validity.\r\n\r\nEvidence<\/strong>\r\n\r\nResearch, claims, or anything else that is used to support the validity of an assertion.\r\n\r\nFallacy<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA flaw or error in reasoning.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nFallacy of Quantitative Logic<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA fallacy that occurs when we misuse quantifying words such as \u201call\u201d or \u201csome.\u201d\r\n\r\nFalse Analogy<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA fallacy that occurs when there exists a poor connection between two examples used in an argument.\r\n\r\nFalse Cause<\/strong>\r\nA fallacy that occurs when there exists a flawed connection between two events.\r\n\r\nGenetic Fallacy<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA fallacy that occurs when the individual is attacked.\r\n\r\nHearing<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe physiological process of receiving noise and sounds.\r\n\r\nImply<\/strong>\r\n\r\nTo suggest or convey an idea.\r\n\r\nInduction<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAn argument in which the truth of its propositions lend support to the conclusion.\r\n\r\nInfer<\/strong>\r\n\r\nTo draw a conclusion that rests outside the message.\r\n\r\nInterpretation<\/strong>\r\n\r\nExplaining and extrapolating the conclusions that we draw from a statement.\r\n\r\nListening<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe psychological process of attaching meaning to the sounds and noises we hear.\r\n
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\r\n\r\nMasked Man Fallacy<\/strong>\r\nA fallacy that occurs when we substitute parties that are not identical within an argument.\r\n\r\nNon sequitor<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAn argument where the conclusion may be true or false, but in which there exists a disconnect within the argument itself.\r\n\r\nPremise<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA proposition (statement) supporting or helping to support a conclusion; an assumption that something is true\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nRed Herring Fallacy<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA fallacy that occurs when an irrelevant issue is introduced into the argument.\r\n\r\nSelf-regulation<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe process of reflecting on our pre-existing thoughts and biases and how they may influence what we think about an assertion.\r\n\r\nSlippery Slope Fallacy<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA fallacy that occurs when we assume one action will initiate a chain of events that culminate in an undesirable event.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nStrawman Fallacy<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA fallacy that occurs when the actual argument appears to be refuted, but in reality a related point is addressed.\r\n\r\nSyllogism<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA form of deductive argument in which the conclusion is inferred from the premises. Most syllogisms contain a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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GLOSSARY<\/h3>\n
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Accident Fallacy<\/strong><\/p>\n

A fallacy that occurs when a generally true statement is applied to a specific case that is unusual.<\/p>\n

Ambiguity Fallacy<\/strong><\/p>\n

A fallacy that occurs when a word having more than one meaning appears in the argument.<\/p>\n

Analysis<\/strong><\/p>\n

The process of asking what is happening in a message through breaking it into its individual components and asking questions of each section.<\/p>\n

Appeal to Authority<\/strong><\/p>\n

A fallacy that occurs when the truth of a proposition is thought to rest in the opinion of a famous other or authority.<\/p>\n

Appeal to Ignorance<\/strong><\/p>\n

A fallacy that occurs when we argue something must be accepted because it cannot be proven otherwise.<\/p>\n

Appeal to Pity<\/strong><\/p>\n

A fallacy that occurs when an argument attempts to win acceptance by focusing on the unfortunate consequences that will occur if it is not accepted.<\/p>\n

Argument<\/strong><\/p>\n

Statements that combine reasoning with evidence to support an assertion.<\/p>\n

Bad Reasons Fallacy<\/strong><\/p>\n

A fallacy that occurs when then we assume the conclusion of an argument to be bad because a part of the argument is bad.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Begging the Question<\/strong><\/p>\n

A fallacy that occurs when the conclusion of the argument is also used as one of the premises.<\/p>\n

Black and White Fallacy<\/strong><\/p>\n

A fallacy that occurs when the audience is only given two choices.<\/p>\n

Composition Fallacy<\/strong><\/p>\n

A fallacy that occurs when we assume that traits inherent in the parts are also present when the parts are combined into a whole.<\/p>\n

Critical Thinking<\/strong><\/p>\n

Active thinking in which we evaluate and analyze information in order to determine the best course of action.<\/p>\n

Deduction<\/strong><\/p>\n

An argument in which the truth of the premises of the argument guarantee the truth of its conclusion.<\/p>\n

Division<\/strong><\/p>\n

A fallacy that occurs when we assume that the trait of a whole occurs when the whole is divided into its parts.<\/p>\n

Evaluation<\/strong><\/p>\n

The process of assessing the various claims and premises of an argument to determine their validity.<\/p>\n

Evidence<\/strong><\/p>\n

Research, claims, or anything else that is used to support the validity of an assertion.<\/p>\n

Fallacy<\/strong><\/p>\n

A flaw or error in reasoning.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Fallacy of Quantitative Logic<\/strong><\/p>\n

A fallacy that occurs when we misuse quantifying words such as \u201call\u201d or \u201csome.\u201d<\/p>\n

False Analogy<\/strong><\/p>\n

A fallacy that occurs when there exists a poor connection between two examples used in an argument.<\/p>\n

False Cause<\/strong>
\nA fallacy that occurs when there exists a flawed connection between two events.<\/p>\n

Genetic Fallacy<\/strong><\/p>\n

A fallacy that occurs when the individual is attacked.<\/p>\n

Hearing<\/strong><\/p>\n

The physiological process of receiving noise and sounds.<\/p>\n

Imply<\/strong><\/p>\n

To suggest or convey an idea.<\/p>\n

Induction<\/strong><\/p>\n

An argument in which the truth of its propositions lend support to the conclusion.<\/p>\n

Infer<\/strong><\/p>\n

To draw a conclusion that rests outside the message.<\/p>\n

Interpretation<\/strong><\/p>\n

Explaining and extrapolating the conclusions that we draw from a statement.<\/p>\n

Listening<\/strong><\/p>\n

The psychological process of attaching meaning to the sounds and noises we hear.<\/p>\n

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Masked Man Fallacy<\/strong>
\nA fallacy that occurs when we substitute parties that are not identical within an argument.<\/p>\n

Non sequitor<\/strong><\/p>\n

An argument where the conclusion may be true or false, but in which there exists a disconnect within the argument itself.<\/p>\n

Premise<\/strong><\/p>\n

A proposition (statement) supporting or helping to support a conclusion; an assumption that something is true<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Red Herring Fallacy<\/strong><\/p>\n

A fallacy that occurs when an irrelevant issue is introduced into the argument.<\/p>\n

Self-regulation<\/strong><\/p>\n

The process of reflecting on our pre-existing thoughts and biases and how they may influence what we think about an assertion.<\/p>\n

Slippery Slope Fallacy<\/strong><\/p>\n

A fallacy that occurs when we assume one action will initiate a chain of events that culminate in an undesirable event.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Strawman Fallacy<\/strong><\/p>\n

A fallacy that occurs when the actual argument appears to be refuted, but in reality a related point is addressed.<\/p>\n

Syllogism<\/strong><\/p>\n

A form of deductive argument in which the conclusion is inferred from the premises. Most syllogisms contain a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t
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