Dividend Payout Ratio

Learning Outcomes

  • Calculate the dividend payout ratio

The dividend payout ratio is the ratio of the total amount of dividends paid out to shareholders relative to the net income of the company[latex]\left(\dfrac{\text{common stock dividends}}{\text{net income}}\right)[/latex]. The amount that is not paid to shareholders is retained by the company to pay off debt or to reinvest in core operations.

Jonick Company
Comparative Income Statement
For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018
Description 2019
Income before income tax $314,000
Income tax expense 66,000
Net income Single Line$248,000 Double Line
Jonick Company
Comparative Retained Earnings Statement
For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018
Description 2019
Retained earnings, beginning of year $2,198,000
Net income 248,000
Less: Preferred stock dividends 12,000
      Common stock dividends 8,000
Increase in retained earnings 20,000
Retained earnings, end of year Single Line$2,426,000Double Line

In this example, the dividend payout ratio would be [latex]\dfrac{\$8,000}{\$248,000} = 3.23\%[/latex].

For another useful analysis of dividends, we could calculate dividends per share on common stock:

[latex]\dfrac{\text{common stock dividends}}{\text{common stock shares outstanding}}[/latex]

For example: [latex]\dfrac{8,000}{\frac{83,000}{\$10}}=\$0.96[/latex]

Shares outstanding are usually disclosed on the face of the financial statements, but in the case of Jonick, we can figure out the number of shares outstanding even though it isn’t disclosed overtly, by dividing the common stock dollar amount by the par value per share given ($83,000 in common stock with a $10 par value would be 8,300 shares issued and outstanding).

Jonick Company
Comparative Retained Earnings Statement
For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018
Description 2019
Retained earnings, beginning of year $2,198,000
Net income 248,000
Less: Preferred stock dividends 12,000
      Common stock dividends 8,000
Increase in retained earnings 20,000
Retained earnings, end of year Single Line$2,426,000Double Line
Jonick Company
Comparative Balance Sheet
December 31, 2019 and 2018
2019
Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred $1.50 stock, $20 par $166,000
Common stock, $10 par 83,000
Retained earnings 2,426,000
      Total stockholders’ equity $2,675,000
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity Single Line$3,950,000Double Line

Therefore, $8,000 in dividends equates to an annual dividend payout of $0.96 per share.

If this was a publicly traded company or if there was a readily available market value per share (e.g. an offer to buy the company on the table or a recent purchase), we could also calculate the dividend yield by dividing the dividend per share by the market price per share.

For this example, assume we have an established market price per share of $70.

With a dividend payout of $0.96 and a market price of $70, the dividend yield would be [latex]\dfrac{.96}{70} = 0.01371429…[/latex] or approximately 1.4%.

For an investor looking for income, rather than growth, this number would allow a comparison between different alternatives. For instance, if low-risk tax-exempt municipal bonds were paying 2%, an investor might opt for the bonds over an investment in the stock.

Now, let’s practice what you’ve learned.

PRACTICE QUESTION