Part I
- Explain why the symbol for an atom of the element oxygen and the formula for a molecule of oxygen differ.
- Explain why the symbol for the element sulfur and the formula for a molecule of sulfur differ.
- Write the molecular and empirical formulas of the following compounds:
- Write the molecular and empirical formulas of the following compounds:
- Determine the empirical formulas for the following compounds:
- caffeine, C8H10N4O2
- fructose, C12H22O11
- hydrogen peroxide, H2O2
- glucose, C6H12O6
- ascorbic acid (vitamin C), C6H8O6
- Determine the empirical formulas for the following compounds:
- acetic acid, C2H4O2
- citric acid, C6H8O7
- hydrazine, N2H4
- nicotine, C10H14N2
- butane, C4H10
- Write the empirical formulas for the following compounds:
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Part II
- Open the Build a Molecule simulation and select the “Playground” tab. Select an appropriate atoms “Kit” to build a molecule with two carbon and six hydrogen atoms. Drag atoms into the space above the “Kit” to make a molecule. A name will appear when you have made an actual molecule that exists (even if it is not the one you want). You can use the scissors tool to separate atoms if you would like to change the connections.
- Draw the structural formula of this molecule and state its name.
- Can you arrange these atoms in any way to make a different compound?
- Use the Build a Molecule simulation to repeat question 1, but build a molecule with two carbons, six hydrogens, and one oxygen.
- Draw the structural formula of this molecule and state its name.
- Can you arrange these atoms to make a different molecule? If so, draw its structural formula and state its name.
- How are the molecules drawn in (a) and (b) the same? How do they differ? What are they called (the type of relationship between these molecules, not their names).
- Use the Build a Molecule simulation to repeat question 1, but build a molecule with three carbons, seven hydrogens, and one chlorine.
- Draw the structural formula of this molecule and state its name.
- Can you arrange these atoms to make a different molecule? If so, draw its structural formula and state its name.
- How are the molecules drawn in (a) and (b) the same? How do they differ? What are they called (the type of relationship between these molecules, not their names)?
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Part III
- What property of carbon makes it essential for organic life?
- Compare and contrast saturated and unsaturated triglycerides:
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Part IV
- Why are biological macromolecules considered organic?
- What role do electrons play in dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?
- Name the reaction in which macromolecules are produced:
- Name the reaction in which macromolecules are broken down:
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