1. C₆H₁₂O₆ is the chemical formula for a ________.

1. polymer of carbohydrate
2. pentose monosaccharide
3. hexose monosaccharide
4. all of the above

2. What organic compound do brain cells primarily rely on for fuel?

1. glucose
2. glycogen
3. galactose
4. glycerol

3. Which of the following is a functional group that is part of a building block of proteins?

1. phosphate
2. adenine
3. amino
4. ribose

4. A pentose sugar is a part of the monomer used to build which type of macromolecule?

1. polysaccharides
2. nucleic acids
3. phosphorylated glucose
4. glycogen

5. A phospholipid ________.

1. has both polar and nonpolar regions
2. is made up of a triglyceride bonded to a phosphate group
3. is a building block of ATP
4. can donate both cations and anions in solution

6. In DNA, nucleotide bonding forms a compound with a characteristic shape known as a(n) ________.

1. beta chain
2. pleated sheet
3. alpha helix
4. double helix

7. Uracil ________.

1. contains nitrogen
2. is a pyrimidine
3. is found in RNA
4. all of the above

8. The ability of an enzyme’s active sites to bind only substrates of compatible shape and charge is known as ________.

1. selectivity
2. specificity
3. subjectivity
4. specialty

9.  If the disaccharide maltose is formed from two glucose monosaccharides, which are hexose sugars, how many atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen does maltose contain and why?

10.  Why are biological macromolecules considered organic?

11. What role do electrons play in dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?

12.   Amino acids have the generic structure seen below, where R represents different carbon-based side chains.

Describe how the structure of amino acids allows them to be linked into long peptide chains to form proteins.