1. When viewing a specimen through a light microscope, scientists use ________ to distinguish the individual components of cells.
a) a beam of electrons
b) radioactive isotopes
c) special stains
d) high temperatures
2. The ________ is the basic unit of life.
a) organism
b) cell
c) tissue
d) organ
3. Prokaryotes depend on ________ to obtain some materials and to get rid of wastes.
a) ribosomes
b) flagella
c) cell division
d) diffusion
4. Bacteria that lack fimbriae are less likely to ________.
a) adhere to cell surfaces
b) swim through bodily fluids
c) synthesize proteins
d) retain the ability to divide
5. Cell that lack a nucleus and have no membrane bound organelles are classified as:
a) eukaryotic
b) prokaryotic
6. Human cells are eukaryotic, therefore…
a) they have no nucleus
b) they have a cell wall
c) they have membrane-bound organelles
7. Which of the following is surrounded by two phospholipid bilayers?
a) the ribosomes
b) the vesicles
c) the cytoplasm
d) the nucleoplasm
8. Peroxisomes got their name because hydrogen peroxide is:
a) used in their detoxification reactions
b) produced during their oxidation reactions
c) incorporated into their membranes
d) a cofactor for the organelles’ enzymes
9. In plant cells, the function of the lysosomes is carried out by __________.
a) vacuoles
b) peroxisomes
c) ribosomes
d) nuclei
10. Which of the following is found both in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
a) nucleus
b) mitochondrion
c) vacuole
d) ribosomes
11. Name the organelle in which photosynthesis takes place in plant cells:
a) mitochondria
b) chloroplast
c) lysosomes
d) nucleus
12. Which of the following can only be found in animal cells?
a) lysosomes
b) mitochondria
c) nucleus
d) plasma membrane
13. Which of the following structures store and transport molecules in cells?
a) peroxisomes
b) nucleus
c) vesicles
d) mitochondria
14. Imagine a cell in which oxidation reactions occur frequently. Based on this information, which of the following would be abundant in this cell?
a) mitochondria
b) vesicles
c) peroxisomes
d) rough endoplasmic reticulum
15. Imagine a cell that requires a lot of energy to perform its function. Based on this information, which of the following would be abundant in this cell?
a) mitochondria
b) vesicles
c) peroxisomes
d) rough endoplasmic reticulum
16. Which of the following is not a component of the endomembrane system?
a) mitochondrion
b) Golgi apparatus
c) endoplasmic reticulum
d) lysosome
17. The process by which a cell engulfs a foreign particle – such as a bacterium – is known as:
a) endosymbiosis
b) phagocytosis
c) hydrolysis
d) membrane synthesis
18. Which of the following is most likely to have the greatest concentration of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
a) a cell that secretes enzymes
b) a cell that destroys pathogens
c) a cell that makes steroid hormones
d) a cell that engages in photosynthesis
19. Which of the following is most likely to have the greatest concentration of rough endoplasmic reticulum?
a) a cell that secretes proteins
b) a cell that engages in photosynthesis
c) a cell that engages in detoxification
d) a cell that stores lipids
20. Which of the following sequences correctly lists in order the steps involved in the incorporation of a proteinaceous molecule into the structure of the plasma membrane?
a) synthesis of the protein on the ribosome; modification in the Golgi apparatus; packaging in the endoplasmic reticulum; tagging in the vesicle
b) synthesis of the protein on the lysosome; tagging in the Golgi; packaging in the vesicle; distribution in the endoplasmic reticulum
c) synthesis of the protein on the ribosome; modification in the endoplasmic reticulum; tagging in the Golgi; distribution via the vesicle
d) synthesis of the protein on the lysosome; packaging in the vesicle; distribution via the Golgi; tagging in the endoplasmic reticulum
21. Which of the following have the ability to disassemble and reform quickly?
a) microfilaments and intermediate filaments
b) microfilaments and microtubules
c) intermediate filaments and microtubules
d) only intermediate filaments
22. Which of the following do not play a role in intracellular movement?
a) microfilaments and intermediate filaments
b) microfilaments and microtubules
c) intermediate filaments and microtubules
d) only intermediate filaments
