{"id":28,"date":"2021-02-03T16:06:26","date_gmt":"2021-02-03T16:06:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-empire-amliterature\/?post_type=chapter&p=28"},"modified":"2021-07-12T13:09:05","modified_gmt":"2021-07-12T13:09:05","slug":"creation-stories","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-empire-amliterature\/chapter\/creation-stories\/","title":{"raw":"Creation & Trickster Stories","rendered":"Creation & Trickster Stories"},"content":{"raw":"

Creation Story Haudenosaunee (Iroquois)<\/h2>\r\n\"turtle\r\n\r\nIn the great past, deep water covered all the earth. The air was filled with birds, and great monsters were in possession of the waters, when a beautiful woman was seen by them falling from the sky. Then huge ducks gathered in council and resolved to meet this wonderful creature and break the force of her fall. So they arose, and, with pinion overlapping pinion, unitedly received the dusky burden. Then the monsters of the deep also gathered in council to decide which should hold this celestial being and protect her from the terrors of the water, but none was able except a giant tortoise, who volunteered to endure this lasting weight upon his back. There she was gently placed, while he, constantly increasing in size, soon became a large island. Twin boys were after a time brought forth by the woman\u2014one the spirit of good, who made all good things, and caused the maize, fruit, and tobacco to grow; the other the spirit of evil, who created the weeds and all vermin. Ever the world was increasing in size, although occasional quakings were felt, caused by the efforts of the monster tortoise to stretch out, or by the contraction of his muscles.\r\n\r\nAfter the lapse of ages from the time of his general creation Ta\u2011rhu\u207f\u2011hi\u0103\u2011w\u0103h\u2011ku\u207f, the Sky Holder, resolved upon a special creation of a race which should surpass all others in beauty, strength, and bravery; so from the bosom of the great island, where they had previously subsisted upon moles, Ta\u2011rhu\u207f\u2011hi\u0103\u2011w\u0103h\u2011ku\u207f brought out the six pairs, which were destined to become the greatest of all people. The Tuscaroras tell us that the first pair were left near a great river, now called the Mohawk. The second family were directed to make their home by the side of a big stone. Their descendants have been termed the Oneidas. Another pair were left on a high hill, and have ever been called the Onondagas. Thus each pair was left with careful instructions in different parts of what is now known as the State of New York, except the Tuscaroras, who were taken up the Roanoke River into North Carolina, where Ta\u2011rhu\u207f\u2011hi\u0103\u2011w\u0103h\u2011ku\u207f also took up his abode, teaching them many useful arts before his departure. This, say they, accounts for the superiority of the Tuscaroras. But each of the six tribes will tell you that his own was the favored one with whom Sky Holder made his terrestrial home, while the Onondagas claim that their possession of the council fire prove them to have been the chosen people. Later, as the numerous families became scattered over the State, some lived in localities where the bear was the principal game, and were called from that circumstance the clan of the Bear. Others lived where the beavers were trapped, and they were called the Beaver clan. For similar reasons the Snipe, Deer, Wolf, Tortoise, and Eel clans received their appellations.\r\n\r\nHere's a variation of the Iroquois creation story in video form. https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-v6Lqp24KbE\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-v6Lqp24KbE[\/embed]\r\n

How the World Was Made (Cherokee)<\/h2>\r\nThe earth is a great floating island in a sea of water. At each of the four corners there is a cord hanging down from the sky. The sky is of solid rock. When the world grows old and worn out, the cords will break, and then the earth will sink down into the ocean. Everything will be water again. All the people will be dead. The Indians are much afraid of this. In the long time ago, when everything was all water, all the animals lived up above in Galun\u2019lati, beyond the stone arch that made the sky. But it was very much crowded. All the animals wanted more room. The animals began to wonder what was below the water and at last Beaver\u2019s grandchild, little Water Beetle, offered to go and find out.\r\n\r\n\"beetle\r\n\r\nWater Beetle darted in every direction over the surface of the water, but it could find no place to rest. There was no land at all. Then Water Beetle dived to the bottom of the water and brought up some soft mud. This began to grow and to spread out on every side until it became the island which we call the earth. Afterwards this earth was fastened to the sky with four cords, but no one remembers who did this.\r\n\r\nAt first the earth was flat and soft and wet. The animals were anxious to get down, and they sent out different birds to see if it was yet dry, but there was no place to alight; so the birds came back to Galun\u2019lati. Then at last it seemed to be time again, so they sent out Buzzard; they told him to go and make ready for them. This was the Great Buzzard, the father of all the buzzards we see now. He flew all over the earth, low down near the ground, and it was still soft. When he reached the Cherokee country, he was very tired; his wings began to flap and strike the ground. Wherever they struck the earth there was a valley; whenever the wings turned upwards again, there was a mountain. When the animals above saw this, they were afraid that the whole world would be mountains, so they called him back, but the Cherokee country remains full of mountains to this day. [This was the original home, in North Carolina.]\r\n\r\nWhen the earth was dry and the animals came down, it was still dark. Therefore they got the sun and set it in a track to go every day across the island from east to west, just overhead. It was too hot this way. Red Crawfish had his shell scorched a bright red, so that his meat was spoiled. Therefore the Cherokees do not eat it. Then the medicine men raised the sun a handsbreadth in the air, but it was still too hot. They raised it another time; and then another time; at last they had raised it seven handsbreadths so that it was just under the sky arch. Then it was right and they left it so. That is why the medicine men called the high place \u201cthe seventh height.\u201d Every day the sun goes along under this arch on the under side; it returns at night on the upper side of the arch to its starting place.\r\n\r\nThere is another world under this earth. It is like this one in every way. The animals, the plants, and the people are the same, but the seasons are different. The streams that come down from the mountains are the trails by which we reach this underworld. The springs at their head are the doorways by which we enter it. But in order to enter the other world, one must fast and then go to the water, and have one of the underground people for a guide. We know that the seasons in the underground world are different, because the water in the spring is always warmer in winter than the air in this world; and in summer the water is cooler.\r\n\r\nWe do not know who made the first plants and animals. But when they were first made, they were told to watch and keep awake for seven nights. This is the way young men do now when they fast and pray to their medicine. They tried to do this. The first night, nearly all the animals stayed awake. The next night several of them dropped asleep. The third night still more went to sleep. At last, on the seventh night, only the owl, the panther, and one or two more were still awake. Therefore, to these were given the power to see in the dark, to go about as if it were day, and to kill and eat the birds and animals which must sleep during the night. Even some of the trees went to sleep. Only the cedar, the pine, the spruce, the holly, and the laurel were awake all seven nights. Therefore they are always green. They are also sacred trees. But to the other trees it was said, \u201cBecause you did not stay awake, therefore you shall lose your hair every winter.\u201d After the plants and the animals, men began to come to the earth. At first there was only one man and one woman. He hit her with a fish. In seven days a little child came down to the earth. So people came to the earth. They came so rapidly that for a time it seemed as though the earth could not hold them all.\r\n

Creation Myth (Zuni)<\/h2>\r\nAlthough the following video is intended for a young audience, it provides a clear re-telling of the Zuni creation story. There is also information about anthropologists who studied Zuni culture after the actual storytelling ends.\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TdZHUMgVipI\r\n

Trickster Stories<\/h2>\r\nThese are just a few stories of tricksters, who shape-shift, push the limits of behavior, and connive to get their way.\r\n\r\nHow Gluskabe Stole Tobacco<\/a>\r\n\r\nNative American Trickster Tales<\/a> - read:\r\n