{"id":361,"date":"2019-08-28T01:18:20","date_gmt":"2019-08-28T01:18:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-eng-101-college-writing-i\/chapter\/text-using-sources-in-your-paper\/"},"modified":"2019-08-28T01:18:20","modified_gmt":"2019-08-28T01:18:20","slug":"text-using-sources-in-your-paper","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-eng-101-college-writing-i-lynch\/chapter\/text-using-sources-in-your-paper\/","title":{"raw":"Synthesizing Sources","rendered":"Synthesizing Sources"},"content":{"raw":"\nOnce you have analyzed the texts involved in your research and taken notes, you must turn to the task of writing your essay. The goal is here is not simply to summarize your findings. <em>Critical writing requires that you communicate your analysis, synthesis, and evaluation of those findings to your audience<\/em>.<img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1558\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/106\/2016\/07\/19231901\/291467104_2668844895_z-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"row of 9 colored pencils. All are shades of green except 4th from right, which is red.\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\">\n\nAny soldier who has gone through boot camp knows about being broken down before being \u201cremade\u201d or built up again. The analysis and synthesis parts of research are similar. Unlike analyzing, which breaks ideas down into parts, synthesizing involves bringing them together.\n\nThese questions can help you synthesize and process your notes:\n<ol>\n \t<li>What do your sources have in common? At first glance, you might see only that the topic is loosely connected but look for connective themes among subtopics.<\/li>\n \t<li>How can you merge what you have discovered and find your own voice? This is where you turn back to your notes, especially if you made a double-entry journal where you recorded your own thoughts on each idea.<\/li>\n \t<li>Staying true to context and intent, which ideas are the best ideas to use?<\/li>\n \t<li>What patterns can you identify, and what conclusions can you draw?<\/li>\n \t<li>What disagreements among sources do you notice? Which view do you trust more and why?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Integrating Material from Sources<\/h2>\n<img class=\"alignleft wp-image-851 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/106\/2016\/06\/09004753\/exchange-of-ideas-222788_1280-300x212.jpg\" alt=\"Graphic of people sitting and talking with thought and conversation bubbles, indicating a conversation.\" width=\"300\" height=\"212\">\n\nIntegrating materials from sources into your own text can be tricky; if we consider the metaphor that writing a paper and including sources is a way of facilitating a conversation about a topic, it helps us to think about how this will best work.\n\nWhen you're discussing a topic in person with one or more people, you will find yourself referencing outside sources: \u201cWhen I was watching the news, I heard them say that . . . I read in the newspaper that . . . John told me that . . .\u201d These kinds of phrases show instances of using a source in conversation, and ways that we automatically shape our sentences to work references to the sources into the flow of conversation.\n\nThink about this next time you try to work a source into a piece of writing: if you were speaking this aloud in conversation, how would you introduce the material to your listeners? What information would you give them in order to help them understand who the author was, and why their view is worth referencing? After giving the information, how would you then link it back to the point you were trying to make? Just as you would do this in a conversation if you found it necessary to reference a newspaper article or television show you saw, you also need to do this in your essays.\n","rendered":"<p>Once you have analyzed the texts involved in your research and taken notes, you must turn to the task of writing your essay. The goal is here is not simply to summarize your findings. <em>Critical writing requires that you communicate your analysis, synthesis, and evaluation of those findings to your audience<\/em>.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1558\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/106\/2016\/07\/19231901\/291467104_2668844895_z-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"row of 9 colored pencils. All are shades of green except 4th from right, which is red.\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Any soldier who has gone through boot camp knows about being broken down before being \u201cremade\u201d or built up again. The analysis and synthesis parts of research are similar. Unlike analyzing, which breaks ideas down into parts, synthesizing involves bringing them together.<\/p>\n<p>These questions can help you synthesize and process your notes:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>What do your sources have in common? At first glance, you might see only that the topic is loosely connected but look for connective themes among subtopics.<\/li>\n<li>How can you merge what you have discovered and find your own voice? This is where you turn back to your notes, especially if you made a double-entry journal where you recorded your own thoughts on each idea.<\/li>\n<li>Staying true to context and intent, which ideas are the best ideas to use?<\/li>\n<li>What patterns can you identify, and what conclusions can you draw?<\/li>\n<li>What disagreements among sources do you notice? Which view do you trust more and why?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Integrating Material from Sources<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-851 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/106\/2016\/06\/09004753\/exchange-of-ideas-222788_1280-300x212.jpg\" alt=\"Graphic of people sitting and talking with thought and conversation bubbles, indicating a conversation.\" width=\"300\" height=\"212\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Integrating materials from sources into your own text can be tricky; if we consider the metaphor that writing a paper and including sources is a way of facilitating a conversation about a topic, it helps us to think about how this will best work.<\/p>\n<p>When you&#8217;re discussing a topic in person with one or more people, you will find yourself referencing outside sources: \u201cWhen I was watching the news, I heard them say that . . . I read in the newspaper that . . . John told me that . . .\u201d These kinds of phrases show instances of using a source in conversation, and ways that we automatically shape our sentences to work references to the sources into the flow of conversation.<\/p>\n<p>Think about this next time you try to work a source into a piece of writing: if you were speaking this aloud in conversation, how would you introduce the material to your listeners? What information would you give them in order to help them understand who the author was, and why their view is worth referencing? After giving the information, how would you then link it back to the point you were trying to make? Just as you would do this in a conversation if you found it necessary to reference a newspaper article or television show you saw, you also need to do this in your essays.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-361\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Incorporating Your Sources Into Your Paper. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Boundless. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/boundless-writing\/\">https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/boundless-writing\/<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Boundless Writing. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Synthesizing Sources from Chapter 4 and Integrating Sources from Chapter 5: Critical Thinking, Source Evaluations, and Analyzing Academic Writing. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Denise Snee, Kristin Houlton, Nancy Heckel. Edited by Kimberly Jacobs. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/lgdata.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com\/docs\/679\/734444\/Snee_2012_Research_Analysis_and_Writing.pdf\">http:\/\/lgdata.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com\/docs\/679\/734444\/Snee_2012_Research_Analysis_and_Writing.pdf<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Research, Analysis, and Writing. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Image of conversation. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: geralt. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/exchange-of-ideas-debate-discussion-222788\/\">https:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/exchange-of-ideas-debate-discussion-222788\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/about\/cc0\">CC0: No Rights Reserved<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Image of pencils. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Andrea Gallivanoni. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/rKR1U\">https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/rKR1U<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-ND: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives <\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":141992,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Incorporating Your Sources Into Your Paper\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Boundless\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/boundless-writing\/\",\"project\":\"Boundless Writing\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Synthesizing Sources from Chapter 4 and Integrating Sources from Chapter 5: Critical Thinking, Source Evaluations, and Analyzing Academic Writing\",\"author\":\"Denise Snee, Kristin Houlton, Nancy Heckel. Edited by Kimberly Jacobs\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/lgdata.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com\/docs\/679\/734444\/Snee_2012_Research_Analysis_and_Writing.pdf\",\"project\":\"Research, Analysis, and Writing\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Image of conversation\",\"author\":\"geralt\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/exchange-of-ideas-debate-discussion-222788\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc0\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Image of pencils\",\"author\":\"Andrea Gallivanoni\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/rKR1U\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-nd\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-361","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":356,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-eng-101-college-writing-i-lynch\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/361","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-eng-101-college-writing-i-lynch\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-eng-101-college-writing-i-lynch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-eng-101-college-writing-i-lynch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141992"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-eng-101-college-writing-i-lynch\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/361\/revisions"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-eng-101-college-writing-i-lynch\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/356"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-eng-101-college-writing-i-lynch\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/361\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-eng-101-college-writing-i-lynch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=361"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-eng-101-college-writing-i-lynch\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=361"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-eng-101-college-writing-i-lynch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=361"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-eng-101-college-writing-i-lynch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=361"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}