{"id":1083,"date":"2018-11-28T20:37:47","date_gmt":"2018-11-28T20:37:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-educationalplanning\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=1083"},"modified":"2019-01-02T17:58:53","modified_gmt":"2019-01-02T17:58:53","slug":"critical-thinking-2","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-educationalplanning\/chapter\/critical-thinking-2\/","title":{"raw":"Critical Thinking &amp; Problem-Solving","rendered":"Critical Thinking &amp; Problem-Solving"},"content":{"raw":"<h2>Introduction<\/h2>\r\n<img class=\"alignright wp-image-1450 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3676\/2018\/11\/05165811\/7-300x140.jpg\" alt=\"decorative image\" width=\"300\" height=\"140\" \/>Thinking critically and creatively will help you not only with academic work, but also in everyday work and activities.\u00a0 For example, an academic assignment might ask you to\u00a0research and analyze the effects of multitasking, referencing emerging brain science, and offer creative solutions to\u00a0accomplishing work without multitasking.\u00a0 A\u00a0life problem may deal with getting positive results from a company with bad customer service, a company that you perceive is avoiding an issue with you as a customer.\u00a0 Addressing these situations involves some conscious application of thinking skills.\u00a0 The readings and activities on this page (Critical Thinking) and the next (Critical, Lateral, and Creative Thinking) are designed to help you become more a more conscious problem-solver and more informed decision-maker.\r\n<h2>Critical Thinking<\/h2>\r\nCritical thinking is self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrected. In other words, it is a thought process that involves the evaluation, assessment, and\u00a0reinterpretation of your own or others\u2019 ideas and thought processes. Critical thinking requires effort and dedication, but pays dividends for the time invested.\r\n\r\nCritical thinking comes into play in a wide variety of circumstances. As a citizen of a democracy, it is important to think critically and do background research each time an election is coming up or when there is a news story about which you want to be more informed. As a\u00a0student, you want to think critically about near term options, such as what courses to take, and longer term decisions, such as how to plan your degree and whether the degree you're planning should be directed toward current employment, future employment, or your own academic interest that may or may not be related to a current or potential career.\r\n\r\nCritical thinking involves analysis, or breaking something (a concept, an argument, a piece of information) down into its parts in order to understand and evaluate it, as a prelude to accepting or rejecting it.\u00a0 You're expected to think critically when you're asked to analyze an article for a college assignment, for example, and offer your own opinion on its validity.\u00a0 You also think critically when you analyze real-life situations such as moving your residence, changing jobs, or buying a car.\r\n\r\nView the following\u00a0videos on critical thinking, which further define the concept and offer some steps to apply in order to think critically and solve problems.\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/6OLPL5p0fMg[\/embed]\r\n\r\nWhat are the key concepts of this video?\r\n\r\nWhat examples do you have of the following?\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>creating your own solution to an unexpected problem<\/li>\r\n \t<li>using pros and cons to make a decision<\/li>\r\n \t<li>making assumptions about a person<\/li>\r\n \t<li>unthinkingly applying a bias<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThe first two concepts often have positive outcomes, while the last two concepts may result in negative outcomes. Most likely you will have done all four of these things subconsciously in the workplace or other situations.\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=dItUGF8GdTw&amp;t=5s[\/embed]\r\n\r\nThis video offers one (of many) ways to consider something critically:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>formulate your question<\/li>\r\n \t<li>gather your information<\/li>\r\n \t<li>apply the information (consider biases, assumptions)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>consider the implications<\/li>\r\n \t<li>explore other points of view<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nBoth videos emphasize the need to consider a question, problem, action, or issue consciously and planfully, breaking it into its parts and considering the parts, before putting them back together with a reasoned solution or multiple potential, reasoned solutions.\r\n\r\nJust for fun, here's a short video on assumptions, a concept related to critical thinking.\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=rjv_5X9FpVE&amp;t=3s[\/embed]\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>initial learning activity<\/h3>\r\nFirst, read and view information on the <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-educationalplanning\/chapter\/critical-creative-thinking\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lateral &amp; Creative Thinking<\/a> page of this text.\r\n\r\nThen, write a brief\u00a0essay (4-5 pages) applying critical, lateral, and creative thinking skills to the solution of a real problem. Use the following format:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Identify a problem at work or with a community group, or any group or situation in which you are involved (family, friends, daily commuters on the same bus, etc.).\u00a0 In a few paragraphs, explain the problem.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In another few paragraphs, analyze the problem.\u00a0 What are the component parts of the problem? Are there inherent assumptions and\/or biases involved?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In another few paragraphs, offer some possible solutions that you can identify immediately and logically.\u00a0 Identify and discuss the pros and cons of each immediate and logical solution.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Then, try to think differently about the problem by applying lateral and creative approaches.\u00a0You may want to identify the positives, negatives, and interesting aspects of the problem.\u00a0 You may want to consider solutions that could only happen \u201cin your wildest dreams.\u201d\u00a0 Brainstorm, and\/or create a persona and ask yourself \u201chow would X approach this problem?\u201d Apply these and techniques suggested by the article and videos to posit\u00a0at least one or more different solutions to the problem. Explain these different solutions\u00a0in another few paragraphs, and posit what would need to be in place in order to enact this more creative solution.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Conclude by reflecting on this exercise in a final few paragraphs.\u00a0 What did you learn about your own thought processes by completing this activity?\u00a0 How might you apply what you learned to your academic studies?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<strong>Submit:<\/strong> essay applying thinking skills\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>in-depth learning activity<\/h3>\r\nFirst, read and view information on the <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-educationalplanning\/chapter\/critical-creative-thinking\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lateral &amp; Creative Thinking<\/a> page of this text.\r\n\r\nThen, read the\u00a0publication, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.economicmodeling.com\/robot-ready\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Robot-Ready: Human + Skills for the Future of Work<\/a>. (You may have read excerpts from this in other sections of this text.)\r\n\r\nThe authors of Robot-Ready assert a number of things, including that:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Human skills will be more valued in the workplace of the future.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Human skills are often best taught through liberal arts courses in college.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Educators and employers do not yet have a common language for discussing the same skill sets.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Education needs to become more problem-based in order to help develop the \"both\/and\" that will be required in the workplace of the future (both technical knowledge and human skills).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nConsider these assertions\u00a0critically.\u00a0 Do you accept the evidence provided?\u00a0 What assumptions, if any, are\u00a0inherent in the information? What biases, if any, are inherent in the information?\u00a0 Is there enough data to back up the assertion, and is that data valid?\r\n\r\nThen choose one assertion that you feel is sound, based on your analysis.\u00a0 Apply critical (and lateral and creative) thinking processes to problem-solve and project a way of enacting the concept asserted.\u00a0 For example:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>How might you propose teaching one of the human skills in the workplace?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How can a liberal arts college course be more obvious in its focus on human skills so that students get a sense of the real-world application of learning gained from that course?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How might you propose that employers and educators collaborate?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Consider a college course you already completed, one in which you learned what the authors of Robot-Ready would consider \"technical knowledge.\"\u00a0 How might you revise a learning activity in the course to make it more problem-based?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Submit:<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>your analysis<\/li>\r\n \t<li>your problem-solving proposal for enacting one of the concepts asserted<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Related college Learning Goals<\/h3>\r\n<strong>Active Learning:<\/strong> Assess and build upon previous learning and experiences to pursue new learning, independently and in collaboration with others.\r\n\r\n<strong>Critical Thinking and Problem Solving:<\/strong> Evaluate, analyze, synthesize and critique key concepts and experiences, and apply diverse perspectives to find creative solutions to problems concerning human behavior, society and the natural world.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"font-size: small\">For more information, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esc.edu\/policies\/?search=cid%3D61278\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">College Learning Goals Policy<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<h2>Introduction<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1450 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3676\/2018\/11\/05165811\/7-300x140.jpg\" alt=\"decorative image\" width=\"300\" height=\"140\" \/>Thinking critically and creatively will help you not only with academic work, but also in everyday work and activities.\u00a0 For example, an academic assignment might ask you to\u00a0research and analyze the effects of multitasking, referencing emerging brain science, and offer creative solutions to\u00a0accomplishing work without multitasking.\u00a0 A\u00a0life problem may deal with getting positive results from a company with bad customer service, a company that you perceive is avoiding an issue with you as a customer.\u00a0 Addressing these situations involves some conscious application of thinking skills.\u00a0 The readings and activities on this page (Critical Thinking) and the next (Critical, Lateral, and Creative Thinking) are designed to help you become more a more conscious problem-solver and more informed decision-maker.<\/p>\n<h2>Critical Thinking<\/h2>\n<p>Critical thinking is self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrected. In other words, it is a thought process that involves the evaluation, assessment, and\u00a0reinterpretation of your own or others\u2019 ideas and thought processes. Critical thinking requires effort and dedication, but pays dividends for the time invested.<\/p>\n<p>Critical thinking comes into play in a wide variety of circumstances. As a citizen of a democracy, it is important to think critically and do background research each time an election is coming up or when there is a news story about which you want to be more informed. As a\u00a0student, you want to think critically about near term options, such as what courses to take, and longer term decisions, such as how to plan your degree and whether the degree you&#8217;re planning should be directed toward current employment, future employment, or your own academic interest that may or may not be related to a current or potential career.<\/p>\n<p>Critical thinking involves analysis, or breaking something (a concept, an argument, a piece of information) down into its parts in order to understand and evaluate it, as a prelude to accepting or rejecting it.\u00a0 You&#8217;re expected to think critically when you&#8217;re asked to analyze an article for a college assignment, for example, and offer your own opinion on its validity.\u00a0 You also think critically when you analyze real-life situations such as moving your residence, changing jobs, or buying a car.<\/p>\n<p>View the following\u00a0videos on critical thinking, which further define the concept and offer some steps to apply in order to think critically and solve problems.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Critical Thinking\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/6OLPL5p0fMg?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>What are the key concepts of this video?<\/p>\n<p>What examples do you have of the following?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>creating your own solution to an unexpected problem<\/li>\n<li>using pros and cons to make a decision<\/li>\n<li>making assumptions about a person<\/li>\n<li>unthinkingly applying a bias<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The first two concepts often have positive outcomes, while the last two concepts may result in negative outcomes. Most likely you will have done all four of these things subconsciously in the workplace or other situations.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-2\" title=\"5 tips to improve your critical thinking - Samantha Agoos\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/dItUGF8GdTw?start=5&#38;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>This video offers one (of many) ways to consider something critically:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>formulate your question<\/li>\n<li>gather your information<\/li>\n<li>apply the information (consider biases, assumptions)<\/li>\n<li>consider the implications<\/li>\n<li>explore other points of view<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Both videos emphasize the need to consider a question, problem, action, or issue consciously and planfully, breaking it into its parts and considering the parts, before putting them back together with a reasoned solution or multiple potential, reasoned solutions.<\/p>\n<p>Just for fun, here&#8217;s a short video on assumptions, a concept related to critical thinking.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-3\" title=\"Story - The Danger of Assumptions\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/rjv_5X9FpVE?start=3&#38;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>initial learning activity<\/h3>\n<p>First, read and view information on the <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-educationalplanning\/chapter\/critical-creative-thinking\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lateral &amp; Creative Thinking<\/a> page of this text.<\/p>\n<p>Then, write a brief\u00a0essay (4-5 pages) applying critical, lateral, and creative thinking skills to the solution of a real problem. Use the following format:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Identify a problem at work or with a community group, or any group or situation in which you are involved (family, friends, daily commuters on the same bus, etc.).\u00a0 In a few paragraphs, explain the problem.<\/li>\n<li>In another few paragraphs, analyze the problem.\u00a0 What are the component parts of the problem? Are there inherent assumptions and\/or biases involved?<\/li>\n<li>In another few paragraphs, offer some possible solutions that you can identify immediately and logically.\u00a0 Identify and discuss the pros and cons of each immediate and logical solution.<\/li>\n<li>Then, try to think differently about the problem by applying lateral and creative approaches.\u00a0You may want to identify the positives, negatives, and interesting aspects of the problem.\u00a0 You may want to consider solutions that could only happen \u201cin your wildest dreams.\u201d\u00a0 Brainstorm, and\/or create a persona and ask yourself \u201chow would X approach this problem?\u201d Apply these and techniques suggested by the article and videos to posit\u00a0at least one or more different solutions to the problem. Explain these different solutions\u00a0in another few paragraphs, and posit what would need to be in place in order to enact this more creative solution.<\/li>\n<li>Conclude by reflecting on this exercise in a final few paragraphs.\u00a0 What did you learn about your own thought processes by completing this activity?\u00a0 How might you apply what you learned to your academic studies?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Submit:<\/strong> essay applying thinking skills<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>in-depth learning activity<\/h3>\n<p>First, read and view information on the <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-educationalplanning\/chapter\/critical-creative-thinking\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lateral &amp; Creative Thinking<\/a> page of this text.<\/p>\n<p>Then, read the\u00a0publication, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.economicmodeling.com\/robot-ready\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Robot-Ready: Human + Skills for the Future of Work<\/a>. (You may have read excerpts from this in other sections of this text.)<\/p>\n<p>The authors of Robot-Ready assert a number of things, including that:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Human skills will be more valued in the workplace of the future.<\/li>\n<li>Human skills are often best taught through liberal arts courses in college.<\/li>\n<li>Educators and employers do not yet have a common language for discussing the same skill sets.<\/li>\n<li>Education needs to become more problem-based in order to help develop the &#8220;both\/and&#8221; that will be required in the workplace of the future (both technical knowledge and human skills).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Consider these assertions\u00a0critically.\u00a0 Do you accept the evidence provided?\u00a0 What assumptions, if any, are\u00a0inherent in the information? What biases, if any, are inherent in the information?\u00a0 Is there enough data to back up the assertion, and is that data valid?<\/p>\n<p>Then choose one assertion that you feel is sound, based on your analysis.\u00a0 Apply critical (and lateral and creative) thinking processes to problem-solve and project a way of enacting the concept asserted.\u00a0 For example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>How might you propose teaching one of the human skills in the workplace?<\/li>\n<li>How can a liberal arts college course be more obvious in its focus on human skills so that students get a sense of the real-world application of learning gained from that course?<\/li>\n<li>How might you propose that employers and educators collaborate?<\/li>\n<li>Consider a college course you already completed, one in which you learned what the authors of Robot-Ready would consider &#8220;technical knowledge.&#8221;\u00a0 How might you revise a learning activity in the course to make it more problem-based?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Submit:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>your analysis<\/li>\n<li>your problem-solving proposal for enacting one of the concepts asserted<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Related college Learning Goals<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Active Learning:<\/strong> Assess and build upon previous learning and experiences to pursue new learning, independently and in collaboration with others.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Critical Thinking and Problem Solving:<\/strong> Evaluate, analyze, synthesize and critique key concepts and experiences, and apply diverse perspectives to find creative solutions to problems concerning human behavior, society and the natural world.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: small\">For more information, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esc.edu\/policies\/?search=cid%3D61278\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">College Learning Goals Policy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-1083\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Critical Thinking &amp; Problem-Solving. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Susan Oaks; adapted from team work by Nan Travers (lead), Cathy Davison, Elaine Handley, Linda Jones, Jessica Kindred, Gohar Marikyan, Lynette Nickleberry, Susan Oaks, Eileen O&#039;Connor. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Educational Planning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC: Attribution-NonCommercial<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>first two paragraphs under the heading Critical Thinking. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Tom Mackey and Trudi Jacobson. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Metaliteracy.com. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/view\/metaliteracy\/empowered-learner\/critical-thinker\/reevaluate\">https:\/\/sites.google.com\/view\/metaliteracy\/empowered-learner\/critical-thinker\/reevaluate<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Metaliteracy Badges. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC: Attribution-NonCommercial<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Critical Thinking video. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/6OLPL5p0fMg\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/6OLPL5p0fMg<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>Other<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: YouTube video<\/li><li>5 Tips to Improve Your Critical Thinking. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Samantha Agoos. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=dItUGF8GdTw&#038;t=5s\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=dItUGF8GdTw&#038;t=5s<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>Other<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Youtube video<\/li><li>The Danger of Assumptions. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Elaine Powell. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=rjv_5X9FpVE&#038;t=3s\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=rjv_5X9FpVE&#038;t=3s<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>Other<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: YouTube video<\/li><li>image of male face with question marks. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: geralt. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Pixabay. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/man-boy-face-view-direction-479670\/\">https:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/man-boy-face-view-direction-479670\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/about\/cc0\">CC0: No Rights Reserved<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":81366,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"first two paragraphs under the heading Critical Thinking\",\"author\":\"Tom Mackey and Trudi Jacobson\",\"organization\":\"Metaliteracy.com\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/view\/metaliteracy\/empowered-learner\/critical-thinker\/reevaluate\",\"project\":\"Metaliteracy Badges\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Critical Thinking video\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/6OLPL5p0fMg\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"other\",\"license_terms\":\"YouTube video\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"5 Tips to Improve Your Critical Thinking\",\"author\":\"Samantha Agoos\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=dItUGF8GdTw&t=5s\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"other\",\"license_terms\":\"Youtube video\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"The Danger of Assumptions\",\"author\":\"Elaine Powell\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=rjv_5X9FpVE&t=3s\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"other\",\"license_terms\":\"YouTube video\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"image of male face with question marks\",\"author\":\"geralt\",\"organization\":\"Pixabay\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/man-boy-face-view-direction-479670\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc0\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Critical Thinking & Problem-Solving\",\"author\":\"Susan Oaks; adapted from team work by Nan Travers (lead), Cathy Davison, Elaine Handley, Linda Jones, Jessica Kindred, Gohar Marikyan, Lynette Nickleberry, Susan Oaks, Eileen O\\'Connor\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"Educational Planning\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-1083","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":227,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-educationalplanning\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1083","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-educationalplanning\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-educationalplanning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-educationalplanning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/81366"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-educationalplanning\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1083\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1631,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-educationalplanning\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1083\/revisions\/1631"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-educationalplanning\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/227"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-educationalplanning\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1083\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-educationalplanning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1083"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-educationalplanning\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1083"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-educationalplanning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1083"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-educationalplanning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1083"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}