{"id":196,"date":"2018-10-16T21:04:29","date_gmt":"2018-10-16T21:04:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-educationalplanning\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=196"},"modified":"2019-01-29T15:50:36","modified_gmt":"2019-01-29T15:50:36","slug":"reflective-thinking-growth-mindset","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-educationalplanning\/chapter\/reflective-thinking-growth-mindset\/","title":{"raw":"Growth Mindset","rendered":"Growth Mindset"},"content":{"raw":"\"Greatness isn\u2019t born, it\u2019s made.\" Do you believe this? Or do you believe that some people are just destined for greatness?\r\n\r\nCarol S. Dweck, Ph.D., author of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FMindset-The-New-Psychology-Success%2Fdp%2F0345472322&amp;sa=D&amp;sntz=1&amp;usg=AFQjCNH-rMKvPLQkpkq-IKY_WjIxzTXmNA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mindset: The New Psychology of Success<\/a>, presents the idea that personal success comes down to a central belief about ourselves, which falls into two mindsets:\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Those with a <strong>fixed mindset<\/strong> believe that we all have inherent traits, abilities and skills. These individuals try to prove their talents by being successful, and avoid situations that will highlight their shortcomings. \u201cI\u2019m just not good at math.\" \u201cShe\u2019s a natural-born leader.\u201d \u201cI\u2019ve never been musically inclined.\u201d<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Those with a <strong>growth mindset<\/strong> believe that, while we are all endowed with different qualities, our abilities can be cultivated through concentrated effort. Individuals with this mindset are focused on developing and improving their inherent skills and talents.<\/p>\r\nWhile the fixed mindset avoids failure and seeks out success, the growth mindset embraces failure as a necessary means to achieving success. Dweck advocates for the latter mindset because it drives us towards self-improvement, rather than restricting us to our natural abilities. In other words, success is about learning versus simply proving that you are smart. Read more fully about fixed vs. growth mindsets in the article \"<a href=\"https:\/\/jamesclear.com\/fixed-mindset-vs-growth-mindset\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How Your Beliefs Can Sabotage Your Behavior<\/a>,\" by James Clear.\r\n\r\nAdapting a growth mindset means recognizing that success is not about avoiding failures, but rather about embracing them, taking on challenges, and not giving up. As author and art historian <a class=\"dhtgD\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ted.com\/talks\/sarah_lewis_embrace_the_near_win?language=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sarah Lewis<\/a> observes, \u201cWe thrive not when we have done it all but when we still have more to do.\u201d In other words, it is our shortcomings that can drive us to be better. If everything comes easy, or if you are constantly reaffirming what you already know or are capable of, then you are also limiting your opportunities for personal progress and growth.\u00a0 Watch Carol Dweck's presentation on growth mindset below.\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/_X0mgOOSpLU[\/embed]\r\n\r\nWhat kind of a mindset do you think you have?\u00a0One quick way to analyze your mindset is to consider how you would react in the following scenario: You find out\u00a0that you did really poorly on a research paper and, when you come out of work that same day,\u00a0you find a ticket on your car. You send a text about the rough day you\u2019re having to your friend who responds, but kind of brushes you off. What would your reaction be?\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>\u201cI feel like a reject, a total failure. I never seem to get anything right. The world is out to get me.\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u201cI really need to try harder in class, maybe join that study group. Next time I'll pay better attention to where I park. I wonder why my friend has been so distant; I should probably check in more often.\u201d<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p class=\"zfr3Q\">Option\u00a01 is an example of a fixed mindset: \u201cI\u2019m having a really bad day and there\u2019s nothing to be done about it.\u201d Option\u00a02 is an example of a growth mindset: \u201cI can work to make this better.\u201d (Dweck 7-8)<\/p>\r\nFor a fuller assessment of your mindset, take the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/mindsetonline.com\/testyourmindset\/step1.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mindset Quiz<\/a>\u00a0by Carol Dweck.\r\n\r\nNo matter the outcome of your assessment, realize that you can more fully develop a growth mindset.\u00a0 Read about\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.opencolleges.edu.au\/informed\/features\/lifelong-learning\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">25 Practices that Foster Lifelong Learning<\/a>.[footnote]This page contains low-contrast text. A\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/services\/html2txt?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opencolleges.edu.au%2Finformed%2Ffeatures%2Flifelong-learning%2F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">text-only version of 25 Practices that Foster Lifelong Learning<\/a> is available.[\/footnote]\r\n\r\nFinally, read\u00a0an article based on a study by Ellen Langer on the\u00a0application of growth mindset: \"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/02\/22\/well\/move\/how-our-beliefs-can-shape-our-waistlines.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How Our Beliefs Can Shape Our Waistlines<\/a>\"\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>initial learning activity<\/h3>\r\nBrainstorm personal examples of how your beliefs and positive mindsets have helped you in a work situation.\r\n\r\nThen do a second brainstorm, generating ideas about\u00a0how you can develop more of a growth mindset at work.\r\n\r\nReflective thinking and a growth mindset lead to action.\u00a0 View the following video on creating an action plan.\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=K1EHZW4oFGg[\/embed]\r\n\r\nApplying a growth mindset, identify one area \u2013 a skill or a concept \u2013 that you need to work on to more fully develop yourself as a professional. Create an action plan to develop this skill or concept further, specifying your goal and identifying concrete steps that you will take.\r\n\r\n<strong>Submit:<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>results from your two brainstorming sessions<\/li>\r\n \t<li>your action plan<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>in-depth learning activity<\/h3>\r\nComplete <em><strong>one<\/strong><\/em> of the following options.\r\n\r\n<strong>Option 1<\/strong>\r\n\r\nFirst, listen to a podcast or read the transcript of an\u00a0interview with Ellen Langer on \"<a href=\"https:\/\/onbeing.org\/programs\/ellen-langer-science-of-mindlessness-and-mindfulness\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Science of Mindlessness and Mindfulness<\/a>\" from the radio show On Being.\r\n\r\nLanger focuses a lot on language and how a more conscious use of language can create mindfulness and a growth mindset.\r\n\r\nConsider your situation at work or in a community group, somewhere you continuously interact with others.\u00a0 Identify a situation or person in this setting that continuously irritates you, for whatever reason.\u00a0 Use that situation as context to consider the following questions[footnote]Questions based on activities from the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mindfulnessstudies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Self-Compassion_and_Mindfulness.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Centre for Mindfulness Studies<\/a>.[\/footnote].\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>What do you typically \u2014 and privately \u2014 think\u00a0when confronted with this person or situation in this context?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How do you typically respond?\u00a0 What language do you use?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How could you reframe your language to be more kind, supportive, and understanding, to remember that you're only human, and to acknowledge things as they are,\u00a0applying\u00a0Langer's concept that \"the things that are happening to me are a function of my view of them?\"<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nBased on your consideration, do a brief experiment for\u00a01-2 days, consciously reframing your responses to this person or situation into more supportive language.\u00a0 Do you find any difference in others' reactions and in your own?\r\n\r\n<strong>Submit:<\/strong> a brief essay (4-5 pages) answering the three questions, explaining the actions you consciously took to reframe your response, and analyzing the results of your brief experiment. Conclude with an evaluation of the concepts of mindfulness and growth mindset.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Option 2<\/strong>\r\n\r\nFirst, listen to a podcast or read the transcript of an\u00a0interview with Ellen Langer on \"<a href=\"https:\/\/onbeing.org\/programs\/ellen-langer-science-of-mindlessness-and-mindfulness\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Science of Mindlessness and Mindfulness<\/a>\" from the radio show On Being.\r\n\r\nThen choose a concept from the podcast and react to it in terms of your own insights, observations, and\u00a0experience. (e.g., the difference between \"can\" and \"how can,\" the concept that \"the things that are\u00a0happening to me are a function of my\u00a0view of them,\"\u00a0the implications of mindfulness for public life, etc.).\r\n\r\n<strong>Submit:<\/strong> a brief essay (4-5 pages) analyzing and reflecting on your reaction to and thoughts about this concept.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Option 3<\/strong>\r\n\r\nRead the <em>Business Insider<\/em> article \"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/ellen-langers-reversing-aging-experiment-2015-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A radical experiment tried to make old people young again<\/a>...,\" about Langer's studies on elderly men. Consider the differences in presentation and attitude toward Langer's studies between \"A radical experiment\" and the New York Times article\u00a0\"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/02\/22\/well\/move\/how-our-beliefs-can-shape-our-waistlines.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How Our Beliefs Can Shape Our Waistlines<\/a>.\" Then do some basic research into the relatively new field of positive psychology to get a sense of what that is and how its proponents talk about the field as a science. You\u00a0may want to start with Psychology Today's article\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/us\/basics\/positive-psychology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What is Positive Psychology?<\/a>, and then access 2-3 other resources.\r\n\r\nBased on your research and consideration:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>What are your thoughts about Langer's studies in terms of positive psychology?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Is she conducting scientific experiments?\u00a0 Why or why not?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Posit what Langer's own response might be to the article \"A radical experiment.\"<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Submit:<\/strong> a brief essay (4-5 pages) analyzing Langer's approach in terms of the research you found about positive psychology.\u00a0 Incorporate answers to the above questions in your essay, and make sure to document your sources.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Related college Learning Goals<\/h3>\r\n<strong>Active Learning:<\/strong> Assess and build upon previous learning and experiences to pursue new learning, independently and in collaboration with others.\r\n\r\n<strong>Critical Thinking and Problem Solving:<\/strong> Evaluate, analyze, synthesize and critique key concepts and experiences, and apply diverse perspectives to find creative solutions to problems concerning human behavior, society and the natural world.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"font-size: small\">For more information, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esc.edu\/policies\/?search=cid%3D61278\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">College Learning Goals Policy<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<p>&#8220;Greatness isn\u2019t born, it\u2019s made.&#8221; Do you believe this? Or do you believe that some people are just destined for greatness?<\/p>\n<p>Carol S. Dweck, Ph.D., author of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FMindset-The-New-Psychology-Success%2Fdp%2F0345472322&amp;sa=D&amp;sntz=1&amp;usg=AFQjCNH-rMKvPLQkpkq-IKY_WjIxzTXmNA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mindset: The New Psychology of Success<\/a>, presents the idea that personal success comes down to a central belief about ourselves, which falls into two mindsets:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Those with a <strong>fixed mindset<\/strong> believe that we all have inherent traits, abilities and skills. These individuals try to prove their talents by being successful, and avoid situations that will highlight their shortcomings. \u201cI\u2019m just not good at math.&#8221; \u201cShe\u2019s a natural-born leader.\u201d \u201cI\u2019ve never been musically inclined.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Those with a <strong>growth mindset<\/strong> believe that, while we are all endowed with different qualities, our abilities can be cultivated through concentrated effort. Individuals with this mindset are focused on developing and improving their inherent skills and talents.<\/p>\n<p>While the fixed mindset avoids failure and seeks out success, the growth mindset embraces failure as a necessary means to achieving success. Dweck advocates for the latter mindset because it drives us towards self-improvement, rather than restricting us to our natural abilities. In other words, success is about learning versus simply proving that you are smart. Read more fully about fixed vs. growth mindsets in the article &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/jamesclear.com\/fixed-mindset-vs-growth-mindset\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How Your Beliefs Can Sabotage Your Behavior<\/a>,&#8221; by James Clear.<\/p>\n<p>Adapting a growth mindset means recognizing that success is not about avoiding failures, but rather about embracing them, taking on challenges, and not giving up. As author and art historian <a class=\"dhtgD\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ted.com\/talks\/sarah_lewis_embrace_the_near_win?language=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sarah Lewis<\/a> observes, \u201cWe thrive not when we have done it all but when we still have more to do.\u201d In other words, it is our shortcomings that can drive us to be better. If everything comes easy, or if you are constantly reaffirming what you already know or are capable of, then you are also limiting your opportunities for personal progress and growth.\u00a0 Watch Carol Dweck&#8217;s presentation on growth mindset below.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"The power of believing that you can improve | Carol Dweck | TED\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/_X0mgOOSpLU?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>What kind of a mindset do you think you have?\u00a0One quick way to analyze your mindset is to consider how you would react in the following scenario: You find out\u00a0that you did really poorly on a research paper and, when you come out of work that same day,\u00a0you find a ticket on your car. You send a text about the rough day you\u2019re having to your friend who responds, but kind of brushes you off. What would your reaction be?<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u201cI feel like a reject, a total failure. I never seem to get anything right. The world is out to get me.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201cI really need to try harder in class, maybe join that study group. Next time I&#8217;ll pay better attention to where I park. I wonder why my friend has been so distant; I should probably check in more often.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"zfr3Q\">Option\u00a01 is an example of a fixed mindset: \u201cI\u2019m having a really bad day and there\u2019s nothing to be done about it.\u201d Option\u00a02 is an example of a growth mindset: \u201cI can work to make this better.\u201d (Dweck 7-8)<\/p>\n<p>For a fuller assessment of your mindset, take the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/mindsetonline.com\/testyourmindset\/step1.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mindset Quiz<\/a>\u00a0by Carol Dweck.<\/p>\n<p>No matter the outcome of your assessment, realize that you can more fully develop a growth mindset.\u00a0 Read about\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.opencolleges.edu.au\/informed\/features\/lifelong-learning\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">25 Practices that Foster Lifelong Learning<\/a>.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"This page contains low-contrast text. A\u00a0text-only version of 25 Practices that Foster Lifelong Learning is available.\" id=\"return-footnote-196-1\" href=\"#footnote-196-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Finally, read\u00a0an article based on a study by Ellen Langer on the\u00a0application of growth mindset: &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/02\/22\/well\/move\/how-our-beliefs-can-shape-our-waistlines.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How Our Beliefs Can Shape Our Waistlines<\/a>&#8221;<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>initial learning activity<\/h3>\n<p>Brainstorm personal examples of how your beliefs and positive mindsets have helped you in a work situation.<\/p>\n<p>Then do a second brainstorm, generating ideas about\u00a0how you can develop more of a growth mindset at work.<\/p>\n<p>Reflective thinking and a growth mindset lead to action.\u00a0 View the following video on creating an action plan.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-2\" title=\"How to Create an Action Plan in 5 Easy Steps\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/K1EHZW4oFGg?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Applying a growth mindset, identify one area \u2013 a skill or a concept \u2013 that you need to work on to more fully develop yourself as a professional. Create an action plan to develop this skill or concept further, specifying your goal and identifying concrete steps that you will take.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Submit:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>results from your two brainstorming sessions<\/li>\n<li>your action plan<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>in-depth learning activity<\/h3>\n<p>Complete <em><strong>one<\/strong><\/em> of the following options.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Option 1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>First, listen to a podcast or read the transcript of an\u00a0interview with Ellen Langer on &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/onbeing.org\/programs\/ellen-langer-science-of-mindlessness-and-mindfulness\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Science of Mindlessness and Mindfulness<\/a>&#8221; from the radio show On Being.<\/p>\n<p>Langer focuses a lot on language and how a more conscious use of language can create mindfulness and a growth mindset.<\/p>\n<p>Consider your situation at work or in a community group, somewhere you continuously interact with others.\u00a0 Identify a situation or person in this setting that continuously irritates you, for whatever reason.\u00a0 Use that situation as context to consider the following questions<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Questions based on activities from the\u00a0Centre for Mindfulness Studies.\" id=\"return-footnote-196-2\" href=\"#footnote-196-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>What do you typically \u2014 and privately \u2014 think\u00a0when confronted with this person or situation in this context?<\/li>\n<li>How do you typically respond?\u00a0 What language do you use?<\/li>\n<li>How could you reframe your language to be more kind, supportive, and understanding, to remember that you&#8217;re only human, and to acknowledge things as they are,\u00a0applying\u00a0Langer&#8217;s concept that &#8220;the things that are happening to me are a function of my view of them?&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Based on your consideration, do a brief experiment for\u00a01-2 days, consciously reframing your responses to this person or situation into more supportive language.\u00a0 Do you find any difference in others&#8217; reactions and in your own?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Submit:<\/strong> a brief essay (4-5 pages) answering the three questions, explaining the actions you consciously took to reframe your response, and analyzing the results of your brief experiment. Conclude with an evaluation of the concepts of mindfulness and growth mindset.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Option 2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>First, listen to a podcast or read the transcript of an\u00a0interview with Ellen Langer on &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/onbeing.org\/programs\/ellen-langer-science-of-mindlessness-and-mindfulness\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Science of Mindlessness and Mindfulness<\/a>&#8221; from the radio show On Being.<\/p>\n<p>Then choose a concept from the podcast and react to it in terms of your own insights, observations, and\u00a0experience. (e.g., the difference between &#8220;can&#8221; and &#8220;how can,&#8221; the concept that &#8220;the things that are\u00a0happening to me are a function of my\u00a0view of them,&#8221;\u00a0the implications of mindfulness for public life, etc.).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Submit:<\/strong> a brief essay (4-5 pages) analyzing and reflecting on your reaction to and thoughts about this concept.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Option 3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Read the <em>Business Insider<\/em> article &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/ellen-langers-reversing-aging-experiment-2015-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A radical experiment tried to make old people young again<\/a>&#8230;,&#8221; about Langer&#8217;s studies on elderly men. Consider the differences in presentation and attitude toward Langer&#8217;s studies between &#8220;A radical experiment&#8221; and the New York Times article\u00a0&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/02\/22\/well\/move\/how-our-beliefs-can-shape-our-waistlines.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How Our Beliefs Can Shape Our Waistlines<\/a>.&#8221; Then do some basic research into the relatively new field of positive psychology to get a sense of what that is and how its proponents talk about the field as a science. You\u00a0may want to start with Psychology Today&#8217;s article\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/us\/basics\/positive-psychology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What is Positive Psychology?<\/a>, and then access 2-3 other resources.<\/p>\n<p>Based on your research and consideration:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What are your thoughts about Langer&#8217;s studies in terms of positive psychology?<\/li>\n<li>Is she conducting scientific experiments?\u00a0 Why or why not?<\/li>\n<li>Posit what Langer&#8217;s own response might be to the article &#8220;A radical experiment.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Submit:<\/strong> a brief essay (4-5 pages) analyzing Langer&#8217;s approach in terms of the research you found about positive psychology.\u00a0 Incorporate answers to the above questions in your essay, and make sure to document your sources.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Related college Learning Goals<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Active Learning:<\/strong> Assess and build upon previous learning and experiences to pursue new learning, independently and in collaboration with others.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Critical Thinking and Problem Solving:<\/strong> Evaluate, analyze, synthesize and critique key concepts and experiences, and apply diverse perspectives to find creative solutions to problems concerning human behavior, society and the natural world.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: small\">For more information, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esc.edu\/policies\/?search=cid%3D61278\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">College Learning Goals Policy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-196\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Growth Mindset. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Susan Oaks; adapted from team work by Nan Travers (lead), Cathy Davison, Elaine Handley, Linda Jones, Jessica Kindred, Gohar Marikyan, Lynette Nickleberry, Susan Oaks, Eileen O&#039;Connor. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Educational Planning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC: Attribution-NonCommercial<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>paragraphs from beginning to the 1st video, and example after the video adapted from Grow vs. Fail. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Tom Mackey and Trudi Jacobson. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Metaliteracy. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/view\/metaliteracy\/empowered-learner\/metacognitive-reflection\/failing-better\/grow-vs-fail\">https:\/\/sites.google.com\/view\/metaliteracy\/empowered-learner\/metacognitive-reflection\/failing-better\/grow-vs-fail<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Metaliteracy Badges. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC: Attribution-NonCommercial<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>video The power of believing that you can improve. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Carol Dweck. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/_X0mgOOSpLU\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/_X0mgOOSpLU<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: TED Talks. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>Other<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: YouTube video<\/li><li>video How to Create an Action Plan in 5 Steps. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: AuthenticEducation. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=K1EHZW4oFGg\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=K1EHZW4oFGg<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>Other<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: YouTube video<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section><hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-196-1\">This page contains low-contrast text. 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