{"id":2340,"date":"2018-06-07T20:27:27","date_gmt":"2018-06-07T20:27:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-wm-englishcomposition1\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=2340"},"modified":"2020-11-19T21:16:17","modified_gmt":"2020-11-19T21:16:17","slug":"types-of-support","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-englishcomposition1-2\/chapter\/types-of-support\/","title":{"raw":"Types of Support","rendered":"Types of Support"},"content":{"raw":"<img class=\"alignright wp-image-2341 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3033\/2018\/05\/11181928\/CW-OER-Types-of-Support-300x186.jpg\" alt=\"decorative image\" width=\"300\" height=\"186\" \/>\r\n\r\nThere are many types of support, depending on the purpose of your essay. Supporting sentences usually offer some of the following:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Reason<\/strong><strong>s<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>example<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong>\u00a0The refusal of the baby boom generation to retire is contributing to the current lack of available jobs.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Fact<\/strong><strong>s<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>example<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong>\u00a0Many families now rely on older relatives to support them financially.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Statistic<\/strong><strong>s<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>example<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong>\u00a0Nearly 10 percent of adults are currently unemployed in the United States.(citation would be included here)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Quotation<\/strong><strong>s<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>example<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cWe will not allow this situation to continue,\u201d stated Senator Johns (citation would be included here).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Example<\/strong><strong>s<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>example<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong>\u00a0Last year, Bill was asked to retire at the age of fifty-five.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Personal Observations<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>example:<\/strong> I have known other workers at my current workplace who have been less directly moved out of their jobs, through changes in job duties and other tactics that are directed at making them want to retire, or at least leave their current position.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Interviews<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>example:<\/strong> In an interview accessed online, Bill Gates expressed his optimism that privacy and government access of information will be balanced - that it's not an either\/or situation. (https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WxavGoTUPrc)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThe types of support you develop and include in an essay\u00a0will depend on what you are writing and why you are writing. For example, if you're attempting to persuade your audience to take a particular position you might rely on facts, statistics, and concrete examples, rather than personal opinions. If you are writing an essay based on your observations, you might rely on those observations along with examples and reasons. If you are writing a research essay, you might include more quotations, reasons, and facts. Realize, though, that all types of support are usable in all types of essays, and that you often will have many or all of these types of support within one unit of support. The purpose of the essay simply lets you know the type of support you may want to emphasize.\r\n\r\nHere\u2019s an example of one supporting paragraph that uses many types of support:\r\n<div class=\"textbox\">\r\n\r\n<strong>(Topic sentence) <\/strong>There are numerous advantages to owning a hybrid car.\u00a0<strong> (Supporting sentence 1: statistic) <\/strong>First, they get 20 percent to 35 percent more miles to the gallon than a fuel-efficient gas-powered vehicle.\u00a0<strong> (Supporting sentence 2: fact) <\/strong>Second, they produce very few emissions during low speed city driving.\u00a0<strong> (Supporting sentence 3: reason) <\/strong>Because they do not require gas, hybrid cars reduce dependency on fossil fuels, which helps lower prices at the pump.\u00a0<strong> (Supporting sentence 4: example) <\/strong>Alex bought a hybrid car two years ago and has been extremely impressed with its performance.\u00a0<strong> (Supporting sentence 5: quotation)<\/strong> \u201cIt\u2019s the cheapest car I\u2019ve ever had,\u201d she said. \u201cThe running costs are far lower than previous gas powered vehicles I\u2019ve owned.\u201d\u00a0<strong> (Concluding sentence) <\/strong>Given the low running costs and environmental benefits of owning a hybrid car, it is likely that many more people will follow Alex\u2019s example in the near future.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nAlthough it\u2019s really useful to understand that there are different types of support, realize that as writers develop support, they don\u2019t necessarily think in terms of \u201cI need a fact here\u201d or \u201cI need an observation there.\u201d It\u2019s often best to simply write your ideas down in the first stage of developing your support. Conscious consideration of different types of support occurs as you continue to work with and review your support, in terms of your writing purpose and audience.\r\n\r\nFor example, a research essay that offers only statistics and facts may become boring to your audience if not interspersed with your own interpretations and observations and reasons. A personal observation essay may not get your thesis point across to your audience well if it doesn\u2019t include multiple, specific examples. Draft your support first, and then go back to the draft to develop it further, the second time with your purpose, audience, and types of support more consciously in mind.\r\n\r\nThe following video discusses the elements of a strong supporting paragraph and illustrates types of evidence.\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ylsprqayomg[\/embed]","rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-2341 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3033\/2018\/05\/11181928\/CW-OER-Types-of-Support-300x186.jpg\" alt=\"decorative image\" width=\"300\" height=\"186\" \/><\/p>\n<p>There are many types of support, depending on the purpose of your essay. Supporting sentences usually offer some of the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Reason<\/strong><strong>s<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>example<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong>\u00a0The refusal of the baby boom generation to retire is contributing to the current lack of available jobs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fact<\/strong><strong>s<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>example<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong>\u00a0Many families now rely on older relatives to support them financially.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Statistic<\/strong><strong>s<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>example<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong>\u00a0Nearly 10 percent of adults are currently unemployed in the United States.(citation would be included here)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Quotation<\/strong><strong>s<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>example<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cWe will not allow this situation to continue,\u201d stated Senator Johns (citation would be included here).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Example<\/strong><strong>s<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>example<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong>\u00a0Last year, Bill was asked to retire at the age of fifty-five.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Personal Observations<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>example:<\/strong> I have known other workers at my current workplace who have been less directly moved out of their jobs, through changes in job duties and other tactics that are directed at making them want to retire, or at least leave their current position.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Interviews<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>example:<\/strong> In an interview accessed online, Bill Gates expressed his optimism that privacy and government access of information will be balanced &#8211; that it&#8217;s not an either\/or situation. (https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WxavGoTUPrc)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The types of support you develop and include in an essay\u00a0will depend on what you are writing and why you are writing. For example, if you&#8217;re attempting to persuade your audience to take a particular position you might rely on facts, statistics, and concrete examples, rather than personal opinions. If you are writing an essay based on your observations, you might rely on those observations along with examples and reasons. If you are writing a research essay, you might include more quotations, reasons, and facts. Realize, though, that all types of support are usable in all types of essays, and that you often will have many or all of these types of support within one unit of support. The purpose of the essay simply lets you know the type of support you may want to emphasize.<\/p>\n<p>Here\u2019s an example of one supporting paragraph that uses many types of support:<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox\">\n<p><strong>(Topic sentence) <\/strong>There are numerous advantages to owning a hybrid car.\u00a0<strong> (Supporting sentence 1: statistic) <\/strong>First, they get 20 percent to 35 percent more miles to the gallon than a fuel-efficient gas-powered vehicle.\u00a0<strong> (Supporting sentence 2: fact) <\/strong>Second, they produce very few emissions during low speed city driving.\u00a0<strong> (Supporting sentence 3: reason) <\/strong>Because they do not require gas, hybrid cars reduce dependency on fossil fuels, which helps lower prices at the pump.\u00a0<strong> (Supporting sentence 4: example) <\/strong>Alex bought a hybrid car two years ago and has been extremely impressed with its performance.\u00a0<strong> (Supporting sentence 5: quotation)<\/strong> \u201cIt\u2019s the cheapest car I\u2019ve ever had,\u201d she said. \u201cThe running costs are far lower than previous gas powered vehicles I\u2019ve owned.\u201d\u00a0<strong> (Concluding sentence) <\/strong>Given the low running costs and environmental benefits of owning a hybrid car, it is likely that many more people will follow Alex\u2019s example in the near future.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Although it\u2019s really useful to understand that there are different types of support, realize that as writers develop support, they don\u2019t necessarily think in terms of \u201cI need a fact here\u201d or \u201cI need an observation there.\u201d It\u2019s often best to simply write your ideas down in the first stage of developing your support. Conscious consideration of different types of support occurs as you continue to work with and review your support, in terms of your writing purpose and audience.<\/p>\n<p>For example, a research essay that offers only statistics and facts may become boring to your audience if not interspersed with your own interpretations and observations and reasons. A personal observation essay may not get your thesis point across to your audience well if it doesn\u2019t include multiple, specific examples. Draft your support first, and then go back to the draft to develop it further, the second time with your purpose, audience, and types of support more consciously in mind.<\/p>\n<p>The following video discusses the elements of a strong supporting paragraph and illustrates types of evidence.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"How to write a supporting paragraph\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Ylsprqayomg?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-2340\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Types of Support. Revision and adpatation of the page 6.2 Effective Means for Writing a Paragraph at https:\/\/saylordotorg.github.io\/text_writing-for-success\/s10-02-effective-means-for-writing-a-.html. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Susan Oaks. <strong>Project<\/strong>: College Writing. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>6.2 Effective Means for Writing a Paragraph. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Saylor Academy. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/saylordotorg.github.io\/text_writing-for-success\/s10-02-effective-means-for-writing-a-.html\">https:\/\/saylordotorg.github.io\/text_writing-for-success\/s10-02-effective-means-for-writing-a-.html<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Writing for Success. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>image of laptop with sticky notes covering the screen. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: geralt. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Pixabay. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/bulletin-board-laptop-computer-3233653\/\">https:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/bulletin-board-laptop-computer-3233653\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/about\/cc0\">CC0: No Rights Reserved<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>video How to write a supporting paragraph. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: mistersato411. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ylsprqayomg\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ylsprqayomg<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>Other<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: YouTube video<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":81366,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"6.2 Effective Means for Writing a Paragraph\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Saylor Academy\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/saylordotorg.github.io\/text_writing-for-success\/s10-02-effective-means-for-writing-a-.html\",\"project\":\"Writing for Success\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"image of laptop with sticky notes covering the screen\",\"author\":\"geralt\",\"organization\":\"Pixabay\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/bulletin-board-laptop-computer-3233653\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc0\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Types of Support. Revision and adpatation of the page 6.2 Effective Means for Writing a Paragraph at https:\/\/saylordotorg.github.io\/text_writing-for-success\/s10-02-effective-means-for-writing-a-.html\",\"author\":\"Susan Oaks\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"College Writing\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"video How to write a supporting paragraph\",\"author\":\"mistersato411\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ylsprqayomg\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"other\",\"license_terms\":\"YouTube video\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2340","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":2339,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-englishcomposition1-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2340","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-englishcomposition1-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-englishcomposition1-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-englishcomposition1-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/81366"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-englishcomposition1-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2340\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4178,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-englishcomposition1-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2340\/revisions\/4178"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-englishcomposition1-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2339"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-englishcomposition1-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2340\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-englishcomposition1-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2340"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-englishcomposition1-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2340"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-englishcomposition1-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2340"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-englishcomposition1-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2340"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}