{"id":2492,"date":"2018-05-31T19:46:34","date_gmt":"2018-05-31T19:46:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-wm-englishcomposition1\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=2492"},"modified":"2018-09-05T14:29:42","modified_gmt":"2018-09-05T14:29:42","slug":"quoting","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-englishcomposition1-2\/chapter\/quoting\/","title":{"raw":"Quoting","rendered":"Quoting"},"content":{"raw":"Most of the time, you will summarize or paraphrase source material instead of quoting directly.\u00a0Summarizing and paraphrasing show that you understand your research well enough to write about it confidently in your own words. However, direct quotes can be powerful when used sparingly and with purpose. Direct quotes mean that you use your source\u2019s wording, sentence structure, and punctuation exactly.\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">As Shakespeare wrote in <em>As You Like It<\/em>, \"The fool doth think he is wise, but the wise man knows himself to be a fool\" (Shakespeare).<\/div>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\" style=\"font-size: small\"><img class=\"alignright wp-image-2905 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3033\/2018\/05\/16203547\/CW-OER-quoting3-234x300.jpg\" alt=\"Portrait of William Shakespeare\" width=\"234\" height=\"300\" \/>Shakespeare, William. \u201cAs You Like It.\u201d\u00a0<i>Shakespeare Online<\/i>, www.shakespeare-online.com\/plays\/asu_5_1.html.<\/p>\r\nQuoting directly can sometimes help you make a significant point. If an author\u2019s words are especially vivid, memorable, or well phrased, quoting them may help you hold your reader\u2019s interest. Less experienced writers sometimes overuse direct quotations in a paper because it seems easier than paraphrasing. At best, this reduces the effectiveness of the quotations. At worst, it results in a paper that seems pasted together from outside sources. Use quotations sparingly for greater impact, and remember that they should be used sparingly, and should be used to strengthen your own arguments and ideas.\r\n\r\nSome valid reasons for quoting include:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>When not using the author\u2019s exact wording would change the original meaning<\/li>\r\n \t<li>To lend authority to the point you are trying to make<\/li>\r\n \t<li>When the language of the quote is significant<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nQuotations should always be introduced and incorporated into your argument, rather than dropped into your paper without context.\r\n\r\nConsider this first <strong>BAD<\/strong> example:\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">There are many ads for\u00a0prescription drugs on television. \u201cAfrican-American physicians regard direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription medicines as one way to educate minority patients about needed treatment and healthcare options\u201d (Wechsler).<\/p>\r\nThis is a potentially good piece of information to support a research writer\u2019s claim, but the researcher hasn\u2019t done any of the necessary work to explain where this quote comes from or to explain why it is important for supporting her point. Rather, she has simply \u201cdropped in\u201d the quote, leaving the interpretation of its significance up to the reader.\r\n\r\nNow consider this revised <strong>GOOD\u00a0<\/strong>example of how this quote might be better introduced into the essay:\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">In her Pharmaceutical Executive article available through the Wilson Select Internet database, Jill Wechsler writes about one of the positive effects\u00a0from advertising prescription drugs on television. \u201cAfrican-American physicians regard direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription medicines as one way to educate minority patients about needed treatment and healthcare options.\u201d<\/p>\r\nIn this revision, the writer's point\u00a0and\u00a0where the evidence comes from are much more clear.\r\n\r\nWhen you do choose to quote directly from a source, follow these guidelines:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Quotations should always be introduced and incorporated into your argument, rather than dropped into your paper without context.\u00a0 Most quotations start with an attribution, a phrase such as \"Smith states...\" or \"According to Jones...\"<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Make sure you have\u00a0reproduced the original statement exactly (exact wording, sentence structure,\u00a0and punctuation).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Represent the author\u2019s ideas honestly. Quote enough of the original text to reflect the author\u2019s point accurately.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Use ellipses (...) if you need to omit a word or phrase.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Use brackets [ ] if you need to insert or replace a word or phrase. Only insert a word or phrase if you need to clarify the quotation for your reader.\u00a0\u00a0E.g., \"The result of that [the new\u00a0sales campaign]\u00a0was shown in a 26% increase in sales of tractors and a 32% increase in sales of backhoes, according to Timior Marketing.\"\u00a0 Only replace a word or phrase if there is an error in the original text.\u00a0 E.g., \"Harrison and Greene state that the results of [their] sales campaign have made them one of the most sought-after advertising firms in the state.\" (In this case, \"their\" replaced \"there,\" which was incorrect.)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Make sure any omissions, insertions,\u00a0or changed words do not alter the meaning of the original text. Omit, insert,\u00a0or replace words <em>only<\/em> when absolutely necessary to shorten the text or to make it clear and\/or grammatically correct within your sentence.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Remember to cite your quotation at the end, following MLA, APA, or whatever standard citation style you are using throughout your essay.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nView the following video, which gives examples of improperly incorporated quotations (which the video calls \"quote bombs\") and properly incorporated quotations.\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/ONxZeLhJbOg[\/embed]\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\">Finally, remember to quote responsibly.<\/span>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\" style=\"color: #000000\">The practice of quoting out of context, or removing a quote from its surrounding matter to distort its intended meaning,\u00a0can create logical fallacies and a type of <span class=\"s2\">false attribution.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol class=\"ol1\">\r\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\" style=\"color: #000000\"><span class=\"s1\">Quoting out of context can create a <span class=\"s2\">straw man<\/span> argument, frequently found in politics.\u00a0\u00a0This involves quoting an opponent out of context in order to misrepresent his or her\u00a0position (typically to make it seem more simplistic or extreme) in order to make it easier to refute.<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\" style=\"color: #000000\">Quoting out of context can create an\u00a0<span class=\"s2\">appeal to authority.\u00a0 This<\/span> involves quoting an authority on the subject out of context, in order to misrepresent that authority as supporting some position.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\" style=\"color: #000000\">Quoting a source out of context can be done intentionally to advance an agenda or win an argument,\u00a0but it more often occurs accidentally if someone misinterprets the meaning of the original quotation and\/or omits essential information, such as the lead-in and commentary on\u00a0the quotation.<\/span><\/p>","rendered":"<p>Most of the time, you will summarize or paraphrase source material instead of quoting directly.\u00a0Summarizing and paraphrasing show that you understand your research well enough to write about it confidently in your own words. However, direct quotes can be powerful when used sparingly and with purpose. Direct quotes mean that you use your source\u2019s wording, sentence structure, and punctuation exactly.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">As Shakespeare wrote in <em>As You Like It<\/em>, &#8220;The fool doth think he is wise, but the wise man knows himself to be a fool&#8221; (Shakespeare).<\/div>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\" style=\"font-size: small\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-2905 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3033\/2018\/05\/16203547\/CW-OER-quoting3-234x300.jpg\" alt=\"Portrait of William Shakespeare\" width=\"234\" height=\"300\" \/>Shakespeare, William. \u201cAs You Like It.\u201d\u00a0<i>Shakespeare Online<\/i>, www.shakespeare-online.com\/plays\/asu_5_1.html.<\/p>\n<p>Quoting directly can sometimes help you make a significant point. If an author\u2019s words are especially vivid, memorable, or well phrased, quoting them may help you hold your reader\u2019s interest. Less experienced writers sometimes overuse direct quotations in a paper because it seems easier than paraphrasing. At best, this reduces the effectiveness of the quotations. At worst, it results in a paper that seems pasted together from outside sources. Use quotations sparingly for greater impact, and remember that they should be used sparingly, and should be used to strengthen your own arguments and ideas.<\/p>\n<p>Some valid reasons for quoting include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>When not using the author\u2019s exact wording would change the original meaning<\/li>\n<li>To lend authority to the point you are trying to make<\/li>\n<li>When the language of the quote is significant<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Quotations should always be introduced and incorporated into your argument, rather than dropped into your paper without context.<\/p>\n<p>Consider this first <strong>BAD<\/strong> example:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">There are many ads for\u00a0prescription drugs on television. \u201cAfrican-American physicians regard direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription medicines as one way to educate minority patients about needed treatment and healthcare options\u201d (Wechsler).<\/p>\n<p>This is a potentially good piece of information to support a research writer\u2019s claim, but the researcher hasn\u2019t done any of the necessary work to explain where this quote comes from or to explain why it is important for supporting her point. Rather, she has simply \u201cdropped in\u201d the quote, leaving the interpretation of its significance up to the reader.<\/p>\n<p>Now consider this revised <strong>GOOD\u00a0<\/strong>example of how this quote might be better introduced into the essay:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">In her Pharmaceutical Executive article available through the Wilson Select Internet database, Jill Wechsler writes about one of the positive effects\u00a0from advertising prescription drugs on television. \u201cAfrican-American physicians regard direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription medicines as one way to educate minority patients about needed treatment and healthcare options.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In this revision, the writer&#8217;s point\u00a0and\u00a0where the evidence comes from are much more clear.<\/p>\n<p>When you do choose to quote directly from a source, follow these guidelines:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Quotations should always be introduced and incorporated into your argument, rather than dropped into your paper without context.\u00a0 Most quotations start with an attribution, a phrase such as &#8220;Smith states&#8230;&#8221; or &#8220;According to Jones&#8230;&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Make sure you have\u00a0reproduced the original statement exactly (exact wording, sentence structure,\u00a0and punctuation).<\/li>\n<li>Represent the author\u2019s ideas honestly. Quote enough of the original text to reflect the author\u2019s point accurately.<\/li>\n<li>Use ellipses (&#8230;) if you need to omit a word or phrase.<\/li>\n<li>Use brackets [ ] if you need to insert or replace a word or phrase. Only insert a word or phrase if you need to clarify the quotation for your reader.\u00a0\u00a0E.g., &#8220;The result of that [the new\u00a0sales campaign]\u00a0was shown in a 26% increase in sales of tractors and a 32% increase in sales of backhoes, according to Timior Marketing.&#8221;\u00a0 Only replace a word or phrase if there is an error in the original text.\u00a0 E.g., &#8220;Harrison and Greene state that the results of [their] sales campaign have made them one of the most sought-after advertising firms in the state.&#8221; (In this case, &#8220;their&#8221; replaced &#8220;there,&#8221; which was incorrect.)<\/li>\n<li>Make sure any omissions, insertions,\u00a0or changed words do not alter the meaning of the original text. Omit, insert,\u00a0or replace words <em>only<\/em> when absolutely necessary to shorten the text or to make it clear and\/or grammatically correct within your sentence.<\/li>\n<li>Remember to cite your quotation at the end, following MLA, APA, or whatever standard citation style you are using throughout your essay.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>View the following video, which gives examples of improperly incorporated quotations (which the video calls &#8220;quote bombs&#8221;) and properly incorporated quotations.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Quote Bombs and Incorporating Quotes\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ONxZeLhJbOg?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Finally, remember to quote responsibly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\" style=\"color: #000000\">The practice of quoting out of context, or removing a quote from its surrounding matter to distort its intended meaning,\u00a0can create logical fallacies and a type of <span class=\"s2\">false attribution.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol class=\"ol1\">\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\" style=\"color: #000000\"><span class=\"s1\">Quoting out of context can create a <span class=\"s2\">straw man<\/span> argument, frequently found in politics.\u00a0\u00a0This involves quoting an opponent out of context in order to misrepresent his or her\u00a0position (typically to make it seem more simplistic or extreme) in order to make it easier to refute.<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\" style=\"color: #000000\">Quoting out of context can create an\u00a0<span class=\"s2\">appeal to authority.\u00a0 This<\/span> involves quoting an authority on the subject out of context, in order to misrepresent that authority as supporting some position.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\" style=\"color: #000000\">Quoting a source out of context can be done intentionally to advance an agenda or win an argument,\u00a0but it more often occurs accidentally if someone misinterprets the meaning of the original quotation and\/or omits essential information, such as the lead-in and commentary on\u00a0the quotation.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-2492\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Quoting. Revision and adaptation of the page Week 7: Writing Using Sources at https:\/\/sites.google.com\/a\/hawaii.edu\/lee-oer-eng100\/week7 and the page Using Sources in Your Writing at https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-englishcomposition1\/chapter\/text-using-sources-in-your-writing\/ which are revisions and adaptations of the sources listed below. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Susan Oaks. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Empire State College, SUNY OER Services. <strong>Project<\/strong>: College Writing. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Week 7 - Writing Using Sources. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Leeward Community College. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/a\/hawaii.edu\/lee-oer-eng100\/week7\">https:\/\/sites.google.com\/a\/hawaii.edu\/lee-oer-eng100\/week7<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: English 100: Composition I. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC: Attribution-NonCommercial<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Using Sources in Your Writing. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-englishcomposition1\/chapter\/text-using-sources-in-your-writing\/\">https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-englishcomposition1\/chapter\/text-using-sources-in-your-writing\/<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: English Composition I. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Quoting examples from Paraphrasing, and Avoiding Plagiarism. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Steven D. Krause. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.stevendkrause.com\/tprw\/chapter3.html\">http:\/\/www.stevendkrause.com\/tprw\/chapter3.html<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: The Process of Research Writing. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>image of Shakespeare. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: WikiImages. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Pixabay. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/shakespeare-poet-writer-author-67698\/\">https:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/shakespeare-poet-writer-author-67698\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/about\/cc0\">CC0: No Rights Reserved<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">All rights reserved content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>video Quote Bombs and Incorporating Quotes. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: trumbullhighschool. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ONxZeLhJbOg&#038;feature=youtu.be\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ONxZeLhJbOg&#038;feature=youtu.be<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>Other<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":81366,"menu_order":3,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Quoting. Revision and adaptation of the page Week 7: Writing Using Sources at https:\/\/sites.google.com\/a\/hawaii.edu\/lee-oer-eng100\/week7 and the page Using Sources in Your Writing at https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-englishcomposition1\/chapter\/text-using-sources-in-your-writing\/ which are revisions and adaptations of the sources listed below\",\"author\":\"Susan Oaks\",\"organization\":\"Empire State College, SUNY OER Services\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"College Writing\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Week 7 - Writing Using Sources\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Leeward Community College\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/a\/hawaii.edu\/lee-oer-eng100\/week7\",\"project\":\"English 100: Composition I\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Using Sources in Your Writing\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-englishcomposition1\/chapter\/text-using-sources-in-your-writing\/\",\"project\":\"English Composition I\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Quoting examples from Paraphrasing, and Avoiding Plagiarism\",\"author\":\"Steven D. Krause\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/www.stevendkrause.com\/tprw\/chapter3.html\",\"project\":\"The Process of Research Writing\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"video Quote Bombs and Incorporating Quotes\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"trumbullhighschool\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ONxZeLhJbOg&feature=youtu.be\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"other\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube License\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"image of Shakespeare\",\"author\":\"WikiImages\",\"organization\":\"Pixabay\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/shakespeare-poet-writer-author-67698\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc0\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2492","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":2470,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-englishcomposition1-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2492","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-englishcomposition1-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-englishcomposition1-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-englishcomposition1-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/81366"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-englishcomposition1-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2492\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4026,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-englishcomposition1-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2492\/revisions\/4026"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-englishcomposition1-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2470"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-englishcomposition1-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2492\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-englishcomposition1-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2492"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-englishcomposition1-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2492"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-englishcomposition1-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2492"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-englishcomposition1-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2492"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}