{"id":300,"date":"2016-07-21T14:36:34","date_gmt":"2016-07-21T14:36:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level3-english\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=300"},"modified":"2021-07-15T20:00:26","modified_gmt":"2021-07-15T20:00:26","slug":"text-using-sources-in-your-writing","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-englishcomposition1-2\/chapter\/text-using-sources-in-your-writing\/","title":{"raw":"Paraphrasing","rendered":"Paraphrasing"},"content":{"raw":"<div>A paraphrase\u00a0re-states information and ideas from a source using your\u00a0own wording and sentence structure.\u00a0Paraphrasing is similar to summarizing; however, summaries condense the original down to the essential\u00a0or main ideas, while paraphrases simply re-state the original portion of text.\u00a0 A paraphrase is usually about the same length as the original piece of text.<\/div>\r\n<img class=\"alignright wp-image-2907 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3033\/2016\/07\/16204453\/CW-OER-paraphrase-300x177.jpg\" alt=\"decorative image\" width=\"300\" height=\"177\" \/>\r\n\r\nSo why paraphrase?\u00a0 Paraphrasing offers a way to maintain your own writing style and voice throughout the writing.\u00a0 It helps cut down on the number of different styles from different sources, creating a sleeker, easier reading experience for your reader.\u00a0 Most of all, though, paraphrasing is a means of helping you understand what your sources are saying, in order to incorporate that information into your own writing.\u00a0 You have to understand the source's ideas fully in order to rewrite them clearly.\r\n\r\nWhen you paraphrase, make sure <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><em>not<\/em><\/span> to simply substitute one word for another, retaining the same sentence structure.\u00a0 Paraphrasing requires you to use your own sentence structures as well as words, so that you are not inadvertently plagiarizing the source.\r\n<div class=\"paragraph Normal_1\">In general, it is best to paraphrase when:<\/div>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"paragraph Normal_1\">There is no good reason to use a quote to refer to your evidence. If the author\u2019s exact words are not especially important to the point you are trying to make, you are usually better off paraphrasing the evidence.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>You are trying to explain technical information or complicated language to a more general reading audience.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"paragraph Normal_1\">You are trying to explain a particular a piece of evidence in order to explain or interpret it in more detail. This might be particularly true in writing projects like critiques.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"paragraph Normal_1\">You need to balance a direct quote in your writing. You need to be careful about directly quoting your research too much because it can sometimes make for awkward and difficult to read prose. So, one of the reasons to use a paraphrase instead of a quote is to create balance within your writing.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Writing a Paraphrase<\/span><\/h3>\r\nMake sure that you understand the original text that you intend to paraphrase.\u00a0 Rewrite that text at least twice, in your own words.\u00a0 After the first rewriting, set the paraphrase aside for a short time.\u00a0 When you go back to it, you'll most likely see that you've tended to retain some of the original text's wording and sentence structure.\u00a0 On a second (or third, or fourth) rewriting, try to make the language and sentence structure your own, while retaining the meaning of the original text. If you find that the original text uses a key word or phrase that you don't want to rewrite, know that you can always include it in quotation marks within your paraphrase.\u00a0 Finally, make sure to attribute the paraphrase at the start (e.g., \"According to...\") and include a citation at the end.\u00a0 Your readers should be able to distinguish your own information from paraphrased information, and the attribution and citation signal the beginning and end of the paraphrase.\r\n<h3>Paraphrasing Example<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"paragraph Normal_1\">The original passage, from Benjamin Franklin\u2019s \u201cSpeech to the [Constitutional] Convention\u201d:<\/div>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<div class=\"paragraph Normal_1\">Mr. President, I confess that I do not entirely approve of this Constitution at present; but, Sir, I am not sure I shall never approve it; for, having lived long, I have experienced many instances of being obliged, by better information or fuller consideration, to change my opinions even on important subjects, which I once thought right, but found to be otherwise.<\/div><\/blockquote>\r\n<div class=\"paragraph Normal_1\">Here\u2019s the first\u00a0<strong>BAD<\/strong>\u00a0example:<\/div>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<div class=\"paragraph Normal_1\">Benjamin Franklin tells the president of the Constitutional Convention that he does\u00a0<strong>not entirely<\/strong>\u00a0approve of the Constitution at the\u00a0<strong>present<\/strong>\u00a0time, but that he is not sure\u00a0<strong>he will never approve it<\/strong>. He points out that he has lived a long time, and in his experience there have been\u00a0<strong>many instances<\/strong>\u00a0when\u00a0<strong>better information of fuller consideration<\/strong>\u00a0of a topic have made him change his opinions<strong>\u00a0on important subjects<\/strong>\u00a0that he had originally thought to be correct. He points out that he finds himself more likely to doubt his own judgment the older he gets, and contrasts his knowledge of his own fallibility with other people\u2019s conviction of their infallibility.<\/div><\/blockquote>\r\n<div class=\"paragraph Normal_1\">The problem with this paraphrase is in the way that it reproduces distinctive phrasing, sentence structure, and ordering of ideas. Note that the bolded\u00a0parts of the paragraph actually reproduce Franklin\u2019s wording exactly, and that the order of information in the paraphrase is essentially the same as in the original. Notice the end of the paraphrase also contains extra information that is not present in the original passage.<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"paragraph Normal_1\"><\/div>\r\n<div><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"paragraph Normal_1\">Now consider this\u00a0<strong>GOOD<\/strong>\u00a0revised version:<\/div>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<div class=\"paragraph Normal_1\">Benjamin Franklin tells the president of the Constitutional Convention that although he is currently uncertain about the Constitution they have created, he may eventually acknowledge its effectiveness. This is due, he explains, to new information or a different understanding of similarly important topics that have caused him to change his mind in the past.<\/div><\/blockquote>\r\n<div class=\"paragraph Normal_1\">This paraphrase is strong because of the way that it captures the main ideas and important details of the original passage without reproducing phrasing or sentence structure too exactly. There are still similarities of phrasing and structure, but they deviate in notable ways from the phrasing and structure of the original passage. Also unlike the poor paraphrase, this one does not include information not found in the original passage.<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Paraphrase Checklist<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Have you used your own words and sentence structures?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Even though the wording is your own, have you carefully retained the meaning of the original text<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Did you attribute the paraphrase at the start, using language in some way that explains that you're paraphrasing another's text? (e.g., \"Smith states that...\")<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Did you cite the paraphrase correctly at the end, using a standard citation format for in-text citations?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Did you cite the paraphrased source in the Works Cited list at the end of the essay?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Paraphrasing Practice #1<\/h3>\r\nParaphrasing is a skill that takes time to develop. One way of becoming familiar with paraphrasing is by examining successful and unsuccessful attempts at paraphrasing. Read the quote below from page 179 of Howard Gardner's book titled <em>Multiple Intelligences<\/em> and then examine the two attempts at paraphrasing that follow[footnote]Gardner, Howard. Multiple Intelligences: New Horizons in Theory and Practice. BasicBooks, 2006.[\/footnote].\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\"America today has veered too far in the direction of formal testing without adequate consideration of the costs and limitations of an exclusive emphasis on that approach.\"<\/div>\r\n<strong style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">Paraphrasing Attempt 1:<\/strong><span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"> America has now gone too far toward formal testing, without realizing the costs and limitations of exclusively emphasizing that approach (Gardner 179).<\/span>\r\n\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"512217\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"512217\"]Although the source is cited, the paraphrasing is too close to the original statement as it retained too much of the original wording and sentence structure.[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Paraphrasing Attempt 2:<\/strong> In the United States, the education system places too much emphasis on formal testing, overlooking the limitations and expenses imposed when that assessment strategy is employed exclusively (Gardner 179).\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"571750\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"571750\"]This paraphrase is different enough from the original source that it would not be considered plagiarism, so long as Gardner is credited.[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Paraphrasing practice #2<\/h3>\r\n<strong>The original passage:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\"Scientists and policymakers generally agree that the likelihood of flooding in the UK will increase as a result of climate change. It is also accepted that sensible land use and development planning plays a role in the management of flood risk, while allowing necessary development to continue\" (Dept...Government, 2006, Evans et al., 2004; Thorne et al., 2007).\r\n\r\n<strong>The paraphrase:<\/strong>\r\n\r\nScientists and policymakers agree that climate change means that the likelihood of UK flooding will increase. It is also agreed that the role of sensible land use and development planning are important in the management of flood risk, also allowing necessary development to continue (Dept...Government, 2006; Evans et al., 2004; Thorne et al., 2007).\r\n\r\nAnswer these questions about the paraphrase example from above to decide if it is a good or bad paraphrase.\r\n\r\n1. Has the student changed a lot of the words from the original passage?\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"509733\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"509733\"]No, the student did not change a lot of the words in the paraphrase. It is almost an exact replica of the original text, with only a few words changed here and there. A good paraphrase should represent your own interpretation without changing the original meaning.[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n2. Has the student changed the word order and structure compared to the original passage?\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"810315\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"810315\"]No, the student did not change the word order or basic structure of the original passage in the paraphrase. Its structure is almost exactly the same as the original passage. A good paraphrase should represent your own interpretation without changing the original meaning.[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n3. Has the student included a citation for the information?\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"815921\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"815921\"]Yes, the student did include a citation for the information (in APA style). However, even with the citation, this paraphrase would be considered plagiarism because it is so similar to the original passage.[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n4. Overall, do you think this is a good paraphrase?\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"288407\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"288407\"]This is not a good example of a proper paraphrase. Even though the information is cited in the text of the paraphrase, it is not substantially different from the original text. It does not reflect that the student understood and interpreted the information.[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\nView the <a href=\"https:\/\/escoer.sunyempirefaculty.net\/iitg_2017\/iitg_paraphrasing\/story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Writing with Sources: Paraphrasing &amp; Quotation<\/a>, an interactive\u00a0resource for a review and self-test on paraphrasing and quoting sources.","rendered":"<div>A paraphrase\u00a0re-states information and ideas from a source using your\u00a0own wording and sentence structure.\u00a0Paraphrasing is similar to summarizing; however, summaries condense the original down to the essential\u00a0or main ideas, while paraphrases simply re-state the original portion of text.\u00a0 A paraphrase is usually about the same length as the original piece of text.<\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-2907 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3033\/2016\/07\/16204453\/CW-OER-paraphrase-300x177.jpg\" alt=\"decorative image\" width=\"300\" height=\"177\" \/><\/p>\n<p>So why paraphrase?\u00a0 Paraphrasing offers a way to maintain your own writing style and voice throughout the writing.\u00a0 It helps cut down on the number of different styles from different sources, creating a sleeker, easier reading experience for your reader.\u00a0 Most of all, though, paraphrasing is a means of helping you understand what your sources are saying, in order to incorporate that information into your own writing.\u00a0 You have to understand the source&#8217;s ideas fully in order to rewrite them clearly.<\/p>\n<p>When you paraphrase, make sure <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><em>not<\/em><\/span> to simply substitute one word for another, retaining the same sentence structure.\u00a0 Paraphrasing requires you to use your own sentence structures as well as words, so that you are not inadvertently plagiarizing the source.<\/p>\n<div class=\"paragraph Normal_1\">In general, it is best to paraphrase when:<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"paragraph Normal_1\">There is no good reason to use a quote to refer to your evidence. If the author\u2019s exact words are not especially important to the point you are trying to make, you are usually better off paraphrasing the evidence.<\/li>\n<li>You are trying to explain technical information or complicated language to a more general reading audience.<\/li>\n<li class=\"paragraph Normal_1\">You are trying to explain a particular a piece of evidence in order to explain or interpret it in more detail. This might be particularly true in writing projects like critiques.<\/li>\n<li class=\"paragraph Normal_1\">You need to balance a direct quote in your writing. You need to be careful about directly quoting your research too much because it can sometimes make for awkward and difficult to read prose. So, one of the reasons to use a paraphrase instead of a quote is to create balance within your writing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Writing a Paraphrase<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Make sure that you understand the original text that you intend to paraphrase.\u00a0 Rewrite that text at least twice, in your own words.\u00a0 After the first rewriting, set the paraphrase aside for a short time.\u00a0 When you go back to it, you&#8217;ll most likely see that you&#8217;ve tended to retain some of the original text&#8217;s wording and sentence structure.\u00a0 On a second (or third, or fourth) rewriting, try to make the language and sentence structure your own, while retaining the meaning of the original text. If you find that the original text uses a key word or phrase that you don&#8217;t want to rewrite, know that you can always include it in quotation marks within your paraphrase.\u00a0 Finally, make sure to attribute the paraphrase at the start (e.g., &#8220;According to&#8230;&#8221;) and include a citation at the end.\u00a0 Your readers should be able to distinguish your own information from paraphrased information, and the attribution and citation signal the beginning and end of the paraphrase.<\/p>\n<h3>Paraphrasing Example<\/h3>\n<div class=\"paragraph Normal_1\">The original passage, from Benjamin Franklin\u2019s \u201cSpeech to the [Constitutional] Convention\u201d:<\/div>\n<blockquote>\n<div class=\"paragraph Normal_1\">Mr. President, I confess that I do not entirely approve of this Constitution at present; but, Sir, I am not sure I shall never approve it; for, having lived long, I have experienced many instances of being obliged, by better information or fuller consideration, to change my opinions even on important subjects, which I once thought right, but found to be otherwise.<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div class=\"paragraph Normal_1\">Here\u2019s the first\u00a0<strong>BAD<\/strong>\u00a0example:<\/div>\n<blockquote>\n<div class=\"paragraph Normal_1\">Benjamin Franklin tells the president of the Constitutional Convention that he does\u00a0<strong>not entirely<\/strong>\u00a0approve of the Constitution at the\u00a0<strong>present<\/strong>\u00a0time, but that he is not sure\u00a0<strong>he will never approve it<\/strong>. He points out that he has lived a long time, and in his experience there have been\u00a0<strong>many instances<\/strong>\u00a0when\u00a0<strong>better information of fuller consideration<\/strong>\u00a0of a topic have made him change his opinions<strong>\u00a0on important subjects<\/strong>\u00a0that he had originally thought to be correct. He points out that he finds himself more likely to doubt his own judgment the older he gets, and contrasts his knowledge of his own fallibility with other people\u2019s conviction of their infallibility.<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div class=\"paragraph Normal_1\">The problem with this paraphrase is in the way that it reproduces distinctive phrasing, sentence structure, and ordering of ideas. Note that the bolded\u00a0parts of the paragraph actually reproduce Franklin\u2019s wording exactly, and that the order of information in the paraphrase is essentially the same as in the original. Notice the end of the paraphrase also contains extra information that is not present in the original passage.<\/div>\n<div class=\"paragraph Normal_1\"><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"paragraph Normal_1\">Now consider this\u00a0<strong>GOOD<\/strong>\u00a0revised version:<\/div>\n<blockquote>\n<div class=\"paragraph Normal_1\">Benjamin Franklin tells the president of the Constitutional Convention that although he is currently uncertain about the Constitution they have created, he may eventually acknowledge its effectiveness. This is due, he explains, to new information or a different understanding of similarly important topics that have caused him to change his mind in the past.<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div class=\"paragraph Normal_1\">This paraphrase is strong because of the way that it captures the main ideas and important details of the original passage without reproducing phrasing or sentence structure too exactly. There are still similarities of phrasing and structure, but they deviate in notable ways from the phrasing and structure of the original passage. Also unlike the poor paraphrase, this one does not include information not found in the original passage.<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Paraphrase Checklist<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Have you used your own words and sentence structures?<\/li>\n<li>Even though the wording is your own, have you carefully retained the meaning of the original text<\/li>\n<li>Did you attribute the paraphrase at the start, using language in some way that explains that you&#8217;re paraphrasing another&#8217;s text? (e.g., &#8220;Smith states that&#8230;&#8221;)<\/li>\n<li>Did you cite the paraphrase correctly at the end, using a standard citation format for in-text citations?<\/li>\n<li>Did you cite the paraphrased source in the Works Cited list at the end of the essay?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Paraphrasing Practice #1<\/h3>\n<p>Paraphrasing is a skill that takes time to develop. One way of becoming familiar with paraphrasing is by examining successful and unsuccessful attempts at paraphrasing. Read the quote below from page 179 of Howard Gardner&#8217;s book titled <em>Multiple Intelligences<\/em> and then examine the two attempts at paraphrasing that follow<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Gardner, Howard. Multiple Intelligences: New Horizons in Theory and Practice. BasicBooks, 2006.\" id=\"return-footnote-300-1\" href=\"#footnote-300-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">&#8220;America today has veered too far in the direction of formal testing without adequate consideration of the costs and limitations of an exclusive emphasis on that approach.&#8221;<\/div>\n<p><strong style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">Paraphrasing Attempt 1:<\/strong><span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"> America has now gone too far toward formal testing, without realizing the costs and limitations of exclusively emphasizing that approach (Gardner 179).<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q512217\">Show Answer<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q512217\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">Although the source is cited, the paraphrasing is too close to the original statement as it retained too much of the original wording and sentence structure.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Paraphrasing Attempt 2:<\/strong> In the United States, the education system places too much emphasis on formal testing, overlooking the limitations and expenses imposed when that assessment strategy is employed exclusively (Gardner 179).<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q571750\">Show Answer<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q571750\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">This paraphrase is different enough from the original source that it would not be considered plagiarism, so long as Gardner is credited.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Paraphrasing practice #2<\/h3>\n<p><strong>The original passage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Scientists and policymakers generally agree that the likelihood of flooding in the UK will increase as a result of climate change. It is also accepted that sensible land use and development planning plays a role in the management of flood risk, while allowing necessary development to continue&#8221; (Dept&#8230;Government, 2006, Evans et al., 2004; Thorne et al., 2007).<\/p>\n<p><strong>The paraphrase:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Scientists and policymakers agree that climate change means that the likelihood of UK flooding will increase. It is also agreed that the role of sensible land use and development planning are important in the management of flood risk, also allowing necessary development to continue (Dept&#8230;Government, 2006; Evans et al., 2004; Thorne et al., 2007).<\/p>\n<p>Answer these questions about the paraphrase example from above to decide if it is a good or bad paraphrase.<\/p>\n<p>1. Has the student changed a lot of the words from the original passage?<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q509733\">Show Answer<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q509733\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">No, the student did not change a lot of the words in the paraphrase. It is almost an exact replica of the original text, with only a few words changed here and there. A good paraphrase should represent your own interpretation without changing the original meaning.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>2. Has the student changed the word order and structure compared to the original passage?<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q810315\">Show Answer<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q810315\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">No, the student did not change the word order or basic structure of the original passage in the paraphrase. Its structure is almost exactly the same as the original passage. A good paraphrase should represent your own interpretation without changing the original meaning.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>3. Has the student included a citation for the information?<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q815921\">Show Answer<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q815921\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">Yes, the student did include a citation for the information (in APA style). However, even with the citation, this paraphrase would be considered plagiarism because it is so similar to the original passage.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>4. Overall, do you think this is a good paraphrase?<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q288407\">Show Answer<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q288407\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">This is not a good example of a proper paraphrase. Even though the information is cited in the text of the paraphrase, it is not substantially different from the original text. It does not reflect that the student understood and interpreted the information.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>View the <a href=\"https:\/\/escoer.sunyempirefaculty.net\/iitg_2017\/iitg_paraphrasing\/story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Writing with Sources: Paraphrasing &amp; Quotation<\/a>, an interactive\u00a0resource for a review and self-test on paraphrasing and quoting sources.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-300\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Paraphrasing. Revision and adaptation of the page Using Sources in Your Writing at https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-englishcomposition1\/chapter\/text-using-sources-in-your-writing\/, the page Paraphrasing at https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-englishcomposition1\/chapter\/text-paraphrasing\/, and the page Using Sources in Your Writing at https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introtocollegecomp\/chapter\/text-using-sources-in-your-writing\/ which are revisions and adptations of the sources listed below. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Susan Oaks. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Empire State College, SUNY OER Services. <strong>Project<\/strong>: College Writing. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Using Sources in Your Writing. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-englishcomposition1\/chapter\/text-using-sources-in-your-writing\/\">https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-englishcomposition1\/chapter\/text-using-sources-in-your-writing\/<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: English Composition I. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Paraphrasing. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-englishcomposition1\/chapter\/text-paraphrasing\/\">https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-englishcomposition1\/chapter\/text-paraphrasing\/<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: English Composition I. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Using Sources in Your Writing . <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introtocollegecomp\/chapter\/text-using-sources-in-your-writing\/\">https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introtocollegecomp\/chapter\/text-using-sources-in-your-writing\/<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Introduction to College Composition. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Information on Quoting and Paraphrasing from the Academic Integrity Tutorial. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: DiMenna-Nyselius Library. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Fairfield University. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/librarybestbets.fairfield.edu\/c.php?g=476878&#038;p=3335282\">http:\/\/librarybestbets.fairfield.edu\/c.php?g=476878&#038;p=3335282<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Paraphrasing. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Texas A&amp;M University Writing Center. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/writingcenter.tamu.edu\/Students\/Handouts-Guides\/Handouts-(Get-It-Written)\/Citing\/Paraphrasing\">http:\/\/writingcenter.tamu.edu\/Students\/Handouts-Guides\/Handouts-(Get-It-Written)\/Citing\/Paraphrasing<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Grounds for Argument. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Using Information Ethically, Avoiding Plagiarism Paraphrasing Example. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Loyola Marymount University, William H. Hannon Library. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/electra.lmu.edu\/LGRL\/UIE2014\/\">http:\/\/electra.lmu.edu\/LGRL\/UIE2014\/<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Lion&#039;s Guide to Research and the Library. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Quoting Examples from Paraphrasing, and Avoiding Plagiarism. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Steven D. Krause. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.stevendkrause.com\/tprw\/chapter3.html\">http:\/\/www.stevendkrause.com\/tprw\/chapter3.html<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: The Process of Research Writing. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Benjamin Franklin example from Chapter 5: Using Materials from Sources. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Denise Snee, Kristin Houlton, Nancy Heckel. Edited by Kimberly Jacobs. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/lgdata.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com\/docs\/679\/734444\/Snee_2012_Research_Analysis_and_Writing.pdf\">http:\/\/lgdata.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com\/docs\/679\/734444\/Snee_2012_Research_Analysis_and_Writing.pdf<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Research, Analysis, and Writing. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>image of man writing on notepad, with open laptop on desk. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: StartupStock Photos. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Pixabay. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/write-plan-desk-notes-pen-writing-593333\/\">https:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/write-plan-desk-notes-pen-writing-593333\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/about\/cc0\">CC0: No Rights Reserved<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>interactive video Writing with Sources: Paraphrasing &amp; Quotations. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Kelsey Foote, Brett Sherman, Dan McCrea. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: SUNY Empire State College. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/escoer.sunyempirefaculty.net\/iitg_2017\/iitg_paraphrasing\/story_html5.html\">https:\/\/escoer.sunyempirefaculty.net\/iitg_2017\/iitg_paraphrasing\/story_html5.html<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC: Attribution-NonCommercial<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section><hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-300-1\">Gardner, Howard. Multiple Intelligences: New Horizons in Theory and Practice. BasicBooks, 2006. <a href=\"#return-footnote-300-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Using Sources in Your Writing\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-englishcomposition1\/chapter\/text-using-sources-in-your-writing\/\",\"project\":\"English Composition I\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Paraphrasing\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-englishcomposition1\/chapter\/text-paraphrasing\/\",\"project\":\"English Composition I\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Using Sources in Your Writing \",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introtocollegecomp\/chapter\/text-using-sources-in-your-writing\/\",\"project\":\"Introduction to College Composition\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Information on Quoting and Paraphrasing from the Academic Integrity Tutorial\",\"author\":\"DiMenna-Nyselius Library\",\"organization\":\"Fairfield University\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/librarybestbets.fairfield.edu\/c.php?g=476878&p=3335282\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Paraphrasing. 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