{"id":2432,"date":"2020-07-04T13:32:18","date_gmt":"2020-07-04T13:32:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-introtocollegereadingandwriting\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=2432"},"modified":"2020-07-09T13:58:28","modified_gmt":"2020-07-09T13:58:28","slug":"what-it-says-what-it-does","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-introtocollegereadingandwriting\/chapter\/what-it-says-what-it-does\/","title":{"raw":"What it Says\/What it Does","rendered":"What it Says\/What it Does"},"content":{"raw":"Just as the SQ3R approach integrates many aspects of reading, working with, and understanding a text, What it Says\/What it Does is an approach that integrates paraphrasing and summarizing, multiple aspects of analyzing arguments, and evaluating researched sources.\r\n\r\n<img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2471 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4969\/2020\/07\/08204925\/11-300x212.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"212\" \/>\r\n\r\nAlthough What is Says\/What it Does is a simple graphic to implement, it's based on careful reading, critical thinking, and text analysis.\u00a0 It's an especially useful approach for a text that offers an argument, and\/or for a relatively sophisticated text, as it helps you think through how the text \"works.\" In effect, it helps you understand the text by getting you to consider an author's intentions behind their words.\r\n<h2>How to Implement What it Says\/What it Does<\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Create a table with two columns, and\/or take a piece of paper and draw a line down the middle. Label one column \u201cWhat it says\u201d and the other \u201cWhat it does.\u201d<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<img class=\"alignnone wp-image-2474\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4969\/2020\/07\/08213832\/12-300x58.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"848\" height=\"164\" \/>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Read the article or portion of text, and select sentences, short passages, and\/or paragraphs that develop the meaning that you think the author intends - sentences or short passages that are important to the author\u2019s argument.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In the left-hand column, summarize those selections. Summaries can be very brief.\u00a0 You may want to group a series of very short or related paragraphs into one summary entry into the What it Says column.\u00a0 If you do that, make sure to identify exactly which paragraphs you're grouping (e.g., para. 1-3)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In the right-hand column, explain what the function of the paragraph is and how the author presents the information in that paragraph.\u00a0 How does the author use point of view, language and tone, inference, types of evidence, persuasive techniques, arguments, etc. to achieve the purpose of the paragraph?\u00a0 These are called rhetorical devices, \"any language that helps an author or speaker achieve a particular purpose.\" <sup>[1]<\/sup><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>What \"What it Does\" Does<\/h3>\r\n<img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2480 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4969\/2020\/07\/08222332\/3-300x212.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"212\" \/>\r\n\r\nThe What is Does column, where you evaluate rhetorical devices and determine how the author creates meaning, helps you analyze the function of each paragraph or selected piece of text. It helps you identify rhetorical devices that an author relies on.\u00a0 It helps you understand how an author develops an argument, if the purpose of the text is to persuade.\u00a0 It helps you evaluate the logical soundness of the argument, and decide whether you can accept the meaning that the author intends.\u00a0 Finally, it adds to your own toolkit as a writer, since it enables you to see how an author consciously chooses words, information, and strategies to create meaning.\r\n<h2>Example of What it Says\/What it Does<\/h2>\r\nThis example is based on the article \"Forget Shorter Showers\" that has been the basis for the TRY IT exercises in the Evaluating a Text section of this site.\u00a0 A What it Says\/What it Does approach for the first 3 paragraphs might look like this:\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignnone wp-image-2478\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4969\/2020\/07\/08221420\/21-300x229.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"842\" height=\"642\" \/>\r\n\r\nThe University of North Carolina offers a good example of What it Says\/What it Does in terms of using the What it Does column to identify logical fallacies.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Link to the University of North Carolina's handout on <a href=\"https:\/\/writingcenter.unc.edu\/tips-and-tools\/fallacies\/sample-arguments-with-fallacies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sample Arguments with Fallacies<\/a>, which offers a paragraph with logical fallacies and discussion of those fallacies.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Then link to the <a href=\"https:\/\/writingcenter.unc.edu\/tips-and-tools\/fallacies\/sample-arguments-with-fallacies\/fallacy-adjunct\/#search\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fallacy Adjunct<\/a> page, which applies the What it Says\/What it Does approach to select sentences in the paragraph.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nFinally, here's a link to a table if you want a template for\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4969\/2020\/07\/08224002\/What-it-Says-What-it-Does1.docx\">What it Says\/What it Does<\/a>.\r\n\r\n<sup>[1]<\/sup><a href=\"https:\/\/literaryterms.net\/rhetorical-device\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/literaryterms.net\/rhetorical-device\/<\/a> Words quoted from Literary Terms page on Rhetorical Devices.","rendered":"<p>Just as the SQ3R approach integrates many aspects of reading, working with, and understanding a text, What it Says\/What it Does is an approach that integrates paraphrasing and summarizing, multiple aspects of analyzing arguments, and evaluating researched sources.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2471 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4969\/2020\/07\/08204925\/11-300x212.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"212\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Although What is Says\/What it Does is a simple graphic to implement, it&#8217;s based on careful reading, critical thinking, and text analysis.\u00a0 It&#8217;s an especially useful approach for a text that offers an argument, and\/or for a relatively sophisticated text, as it helps you think through how the text &#8220;works.&#8221; In effect, it helps you understand the text by getting you to consider an author&#8217;s intentions behind their words.<\/p>\n<h2>How to Implement What it Says\/What it Does<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Create a table with two columns, and\/or take a piece of paper and draw a line down the middle. Label one column \u201cWhat it says\u201d and the other \u201cWhat it does.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2474\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4969\/2020\/07\/08213832\/12-300x58.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"848\" height=\"164\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Read the article or portion of text, and select sentences, short passages, and\/or paragraphs that develop the meaning that you think the author intends &#8211; sentences or short passages that are important to the author\u2019s argument.<\/li>\n<li>In the left-hand column, summarize those selections. Summaries can be very brief.\u00a0 You may want to group a series of very short or related paragraphs into one summary entry into the What it Says column.\u00a0 If you do that, make sure to identify exactly which paragraphs you&#8217;re grouping (e.g., para. 1-3)<\/li>\n<li>In the right-hand column, explain what the function of the paragraph is and how the author presents the information in that paragraph.\u00a0 How does the author use point of view, language and tone, inference, types of evidence, persuasive techniques, arguments, etc. to achieve the purpose of the paragraph?\u00a0 These are called rhetorical devices, &#8220;any language that helps an author or speaker achieve a particular purpose.&#8221; <sup>[1]<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>What &#8220;What it Does&#8221; Does<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2480 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4969\/2020\/07\/08222332\/3-300x212.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"212\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The What is Does column, where you evaluate rhetorical devices and determine how the author creates meaning, helps you analyze the function of each paragraph or selected piece of text. It helps you identify rhetorical devices that an author relies on.\u00a0 It helps you understand how an author develops an argument, if the purpose of the text is to persuade.\u00a0 It helps you evaluate the logical soundness of the argument, and decide whether you can accept the meaning that the author intends.\u00a0 Finally, it adds to your own toolkit as a writer, since it enables you to see how an author consciously chooses words, information, and strategies to create meaning.<\/p>\n<h2>Example of What it Says\/What it Does<\/h2>\n<p>This example is based on the article &#8220;Forget Shorter Showers&#8221; that has been the basis for the TRY IT exercises in the Evaluating a Text section of this site.\u00a0 A What it Says\/What it Does approach for the first 3 paragraphs might look like this:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2478\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4969\/2020\/07\/08221420\/21-300x229.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"842\" height=\"642\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The University of North Carolina offers a good example of What it Says\/What it Does in terms of using the What it Does column to identify logical fallacies.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Link to the University of North Carolina&#8217;s handout on <a href=\"https:\/\/writingcenter.unc.edu\/tips-and-tools\/fallacies\/sample-arguments-with-fallacies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sample Arguments with Fallacies<\/a>, which offers a paragraph with logical fallacies and discussion of those fallacies.<\/li>\n<li>Then link to the <a href=\"https:\/\/writingcenter.unc.edu\/tips-and-tools\/fallacies\/sample-arguments-with-fallacies\/fallacy-adjunct\/#search\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fallacy Adjunct<\/a> page, which applies the What it Says\/What it Does approach to select sentences in the paragraph.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Finally, here&#8217;s a link to a table if you want a template for\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4969\/2020\/07\/08224002\/What-it-Says-What-it-Does1.docx\">What it Says\/What it Does<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><sup>[1]<\/sup><a href=\"https:\/\/literaryterms.net\/rhetorical-device\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/literaryterms.net\/rhetorical-device\/<\/a> Words quoted from Literary Terms page on Rhetorical Devices.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-2432\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>What it Says\/What it Does. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Susan Oaks. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Introduction to College Reading &amp; Writing. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC: Attribution-NonCommercial<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>image of two heads facing one another, with question mark in between. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Gerd Altmann. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Pixabay. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/illustrations\/faces-man-woman-dialogue-talk-446672\/\">https:\/\/pixabay.com\/illustrations\/faces-man-woman-dialogue-talk-446672\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/about\/cc0\">CC0: No Rights Reserved<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>image of two heads facing one another, with the word Dialogue. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Gerd Altmann. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Pixabay. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/illustrations\/faces-man-woman-dialogue-talk-63516\/\">https:\/\/pixabay.com\/illustrations\/faces-man-woman-dialogue-talk-63516\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/about\/cc0\">CC0: No Rights Reserved<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":81366,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"What it Says\/What it Does\",\"author\":\"Susan Oaks\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"Introduction to College Reading & Writing\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"image of two heads facing one another, with question mark in between\",\"author\":\"Gerd Altmann\",\"organization\":\"Pixabay\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/illustrations\/faces-man-woman-dialogue-talk-446672\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc0\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"image of two heads facing one another, with the word Dialogue\",\"author\":\"Gerd Altmann\",\"organization\":\"Pixabay\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/illustrations\/faces-man-woman-dialogue-talk-63516\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc0\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2432","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":314,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-introtocollegereadingandwriting\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2432","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-introtocollegereadingandwriting\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-introtocollegereadingandwriting\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-introtocollegereadingandwriting\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/81366"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-introtocollegereadingandwriting\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2432\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2488,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-introtocollegereadingandwriting\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2432\/revisions\/2488"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-introtocollegereadingandwriting\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/314"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-introtocollegereadingandwriting\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2432\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-introtocollegereadingandwriting\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2432"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-introtocollegereadingandwriting\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2432"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-introtocollegereadingandwriting\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2432"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-introtocollegereadingandwriting\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2432"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}