Religion plays a major role in the socialization process. For centuries, humankind has sought to understand and explain the “meaning of life.” Religion, in one form or another, has been found in all human societies since human societies first appeared. Archaeological digs have revealed ritual objects, ceremonial burial sites, and other religious artifacts. Social conflict and even wars often result from religious disputes. To understand a culture, sociologists must study its religion.

Figure 1. Religions come in many forms, such as that being practiced in this large megachurch. (Photo courtesy of ToBeDaniel/Wikimedia Commons)

Religion can also serve as a filter for examining other issues in society and other components of a culture. For example, after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, it became important for teachers, church leaders, and the media to educate Americans about Islam to prevent stereotyping and to promote religious tolerance. Sociological tools and methods, such as surveys, polls, interviews, and analysis of historical data, can be applied to the study of religion in a culture to help us better understand the role religion plays in people’s lives and the way it influences society. In this module, you’ll examine the role that religion plays in shaping values and beliefs.