{"id":2077,"date":"2016-06-30T02:36:14","date_gmt":"2016-06-30T02:36:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontosociology-waymaker\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=2077"},"modified":"2020-07-03T22:56:19","modified_gmt":"2020-07-03T22:56:19","slug":"putting-it-together-race-and-ethnicity","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-introtosociology\/chapter\/putting-it-together-race-and-ethnicity\/","title":{"raw":"Putting It Together: Race and Ethnicity","rendered":"Putting It Together: Race and Ethnicity"},"content":{"raw":"In this module, you learned about stereotyping, prejudices, and discrimination in regards to race and ethnicity. Surely you have seen examples of each of these in your own life, but now you hopefully feel better equipped to acknowledge and correct discriminatory behavior. While most people in the U.S. today are not explicitly and overtly racist, subtle messages still embed themselves into our subconscious through all types of avenues. Extensive research shows that we are not aware of these beliefs, but they are activated in split second decisions when we judge people and situations. Even those who don't practice overt racism may find that they hold a negative implicit bias against non-whites, as demonstrated by\u00a0researchers at <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/implicit.harvard.edu\/implicit\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harvard<\/a> and the <a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/kirwaninstitute.osu.edu\/research\/understanding-implicit-bias\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ohio State University.<\/a>\u00a0Test your own\u00a0subconscious tendencies through\u00a0Harvard\u2019s <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/implicit.harvard.edu\/implicit\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Project Implicit<\/a>.\r\n\r\nOver 1.5 million (nonrandom) people have taken the IAT since it appeared online. The tests show higher IAT scores, reflecting a greater negative racial bias against blacks and darker skin people, in southern states.\r\n<div>\r\n<div class=\"wsite-image wsite-image-border-none\"><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2565\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/120\/2016\/08\/02131544\/3235996_orig.png\" alt=\"Map of the United States showing Implicit Association test scores of white participants. More racism exists within the southeastern states who have higher average IAT scores between 0.4 and 0.456, while the northwestern states have lower average scores between 0.341 and 0.399. \" width=\"741\" height=\"451\" \/><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"paragraph\">It is not just advertising but also, and likely even more so, the news media that contributes to the development of negative implicit racial bias. Research shows a correlation between the minutes of news media watched by whites and the level of negative implicit bias against blacks. <a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/OScolalg\/Effects+of+Long-Term+Exposure+to+News+Stereotypes.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Other studies<\/a> have shown that U.S. news media over-represents blacks as criminals.<\/div>\r\n<div><\/div>\r\n<div>This has very real consequences when applied to police officers and the use of deadly force on unarmed citizens. Research shows that officers are initially more likely to mistakenly shoot unarmed black suspects compared to white suspects, and recent media reports have brought many of these shootings to national attention, as discussed at the beginning of this module.<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"paragraph\"><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"paragraph\"><\/div>","rendered":"<p>In this module, you learned about stereotyping, prejudices, and discrimination in regards to race and ethnicity. Surely you have seen examples of each of these in your own life, but now you hopefully feel better equipped to acknowledge and correct discriminatory behavior. While most people in the U.S. today are not explicitly and overtly racist, subtle messages still embed themselves into our subconscious through all types of avenues. Extensive research shows that we are not aware of these beliefs, but they are activated in split second decisions when we judge people and situations. Even those who don&#8217;t practice overt racism may find that they hold a negative implicit bias against non-whites, as demonstrated by\u00a0researchers at <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/implicit.harvard.edu\/implicit\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harvard<\/a> and the <a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/kirwaninstitute.osu.edu\/research\/understanding-implicit-bias\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ohio State University.<\/a>\u00a0Test your own\u00a0subconscious tendencies through\u00a0Harvard\u2019s <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/implicit.harvard.edu\/implicit\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Project Implicit<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Over 1.5 million (nonrandom) people have taken the IAT since it appeared online. The tests show higher IAT scores, reflecting a greater negative racial bias against blacks and darker skin people, in southern states.<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"wsite-image wsite-image-border-none\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2565\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/120\/2016\/08\/02131544\/3235996_orig.png\" alt=\"Map of the United States showing Implicit Association test scores of white participants. More racism exists within the southeastern states who have higher average IAT scores between 0.4 and 0.456, while the northwestern states have lower average scores between 0.341 and 0.399.\" width=\"741\" height=\"451\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"paragraph\">It is not just advertising but also, and likely even more so, the news media that contributes to the development of negative implicit racial bias. Research shows a correlation between the minutes of news media watched by whites and the level of negative implicit bias against blacks. <a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/textimgs\/OScolalg\/Effects+of+Long-Term+Exposure+to+News+Stereotypes.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Other studies<\/a> have shown that U.S. news media over-represents blacks as criminals.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>This has very real consequences when applied to police officers and the use of deadly force on unarmed citizens. Research shows that officers are initially more likely to mistakenly shoot unarmed black suspects compared to white suspects, and recent media reports have brought many of these shootings to national attention, as discussed at the beginning of this module.<\/div>\n<div class=\"paragraph\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"paragraph\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-2077\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Putting It Together: Race and Ethnicity. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Implicit Racial Bias: Where Do We Learn Whom We Should Perceive Negatively?. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Todd Beer. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/toolbox\/implicit-bias\/\">https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/toolbox\/implicit-bias\/<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Sociology Toolbox. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":6,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Putting It Together: Race and Ethnicity\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Implicit Racial Bias: Where Do We Learn Whom We Should Perceive Negatively?\",\"author\":\"Todd Beer\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/toolbox\/implicit-bias\/\",\"project\":\"Sociology Toolbox\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"774d66ad-2fc8-4041-b015-6aaedc15a18e","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2077","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":579,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-introtosociology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2077","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-introtosociology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-introtosociology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-introtosociology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-introtosociology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2077\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9288,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-introtosociology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2077\/revisions\/9288"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-introtosociology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/579"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-introtosociology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2077\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-introtosociology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2077"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-introtosociology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2077"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-introtosociology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2077"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-esc-introtosociology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2077"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}