{"id":831,"date":"2016-07-15T23:03:40","date_gmt":"2016-07-15T23:03:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level3-english\/?post_type=chapter&p=831"},"modified":"2016-10-06T21:07:42","modified_gmt":"2016-10-06T21:07:42","slug":"text-common-sentence-structures","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-engcomp1-2\/chapter\/text-common-sentence-structures\/","title":{"raw":"Common Sentence Structures","rendered":"Common Sentence Structures"},"content":{"raw":"

Basic Sentence Patterns<\/h2>\r\n

Subject<\/span> + verb<\/span><\/h3>\r\nThe simplest of sentence patterns is composed of a subject<\/strong><\/span> and verb<\/strong><\/span> without a direct object or subject complement. It uses an intransitive verb<\/strong>, that is, a verb requiring no direct object:\r\n
    \r\n \t
  • Control rods<\/strong><\/span> remain<\/strong><\/span> inside the fuel assembly of the reactor.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • The development<\/strong><\/span> of wind power practically ceased<\/strong><\/span> until the early 1970s.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • The cross-member<\/strong><\/span> exposed to abnormal stress eventually broke<\/strong><\/span>.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Only two types<\/strong><\/span> of charge exist<\/strong><\/span> in nature.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

    Subject<\/span> + verb<\/span> + direct object<\/span><\/h3>\r\nAnother common sentence pattern uses the direct object<\/strong><\/span>:\r\n
      \r\n \t
    • Silicon<\/strong><\/span> conducts<\/strong><\/span> electricity<\/strong><\/span> in an unusual way.<\/li>\r\n \t
    • The anti-reflective coating<\/strong><\/span> on the the silicon cell reduces<\/strong><\/span> reflection<\/strong><\/span> from 32 to 22 percent.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

      Subject<\/span> + verb<\/span> + indirect object<\/span> + direct object<\/span><\/h3>\r\nThe sentence pattern with the indirect<\/span> object<\/strong><\/span> and direct object<\/strong><\/span> is similar to the preceding pattern:\r\n
        \r\n \t
      • I<\/strong><\/span> am writing<\/strong><\/span> her<\/strong><\/span> about a number of problems<\/strong><\/span> that I have had with my computer.<\/li>\r\n \t
      • Austin, Texas<\/strong><\/span>, has<\/strong><\/span> recently built<\/strong><\/span> its citizens<\/strong><\/span> a system<\/strong><\/span> of bike lanes.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
        \r\n

        Practice<\/h3>\r\nIdentify the basic sentence pattern of the sentences below. What are the different parts of each sentence?\r\n
          \r\n \t
        1. All amplitude-modulation (AM) receivers work in the same way.<\/li>\r\n \t
        2. The supervisor mailed the applicant a description of the job.<\/li>\r\n \t
        3. We have mailed the balance of the payment in this letter.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[practice-area rows=\"4\"][\/practice-area]\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"77635\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"77635\"]\r\n
            \r\n \t
          1. This is a subject + verb sentence:\r\n
              \r\n \t
            • All amplitude-modulation (AM) receivers<\/strong><\/span> work<\/strong><\/span> in the same way.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t
            • This is a\u00a0subject + verb + indirect object + direct object sentence:\r\n
                \r\n \t
              • The supervisor<\/strong><\/span> mailed<\/strong><\/span> the applicant<\/strong><\/span> a description<\/strong><\/span> of the job.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t
              • This is a\u00a0subject + verb + direct object sentence:\r\n
                  \r\n \t
                • We<\/strong><\/span> have mailed<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0the balance<\/span><\/strong> of the payment in this letter.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

                  Sentence Types<\/h2>\r\n

                  Simple Sentences<\/h3>\r\nA simple sentence is one that contains a\u00a0subject<\/strong><\/span> and a\u00a0verb<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0and no other independent or dependent clause.\r\n
                    \r\n \t
                  • One<\/strong><\/span> of the tubes is attached<\/strong><\/span> to the manometer part of the instrument indicating the pressure of the air within the cuff.<\/li>\r\n \t
                  • There are<\/strong><\/span> basically two types<\/strong><\/span> of stethoscopes.\r\n
                      \r\n \t
                    • In this sentence, the subject and verb are inverted; that is, the verb comes before the subject. However, it is still classified as a simple sentence.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • To measure blood pressure, a\u00a0sphygmomanometer<\/strong><\/span> and a stethoscope<\/strong><\/span> are needed<\/strong><\/span>.\r\n
                        \r\n \t
                      • This\u00a0sentence has a compound subject\u2014that is, there are two subjects\u2014but it is still classified as a simple sentence.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nCommand sentences are a\u00a0subtype of simple sentences. These sentences are unique because they don't actually have a subject:\r\n
                          \r\n \t
                        • Clean<\/strong><\/span> the dishes.<\/li>\r\n \t
                        • Make<\/strong><\/span> sure to take good notes today.<\/li>\r\n \t
                        • After completing the reading, answer<\/strong><\/span> the following questions.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nIn each of these sentences, there is an implied subject:\u00a0you<\/em>. These sentences are instructing the\u00a0reader to complete a task.\u00a0Command sentences are the only sentences in English that are complete without a subject.\r\n

                          Compound Predicates<\/h3>\r\nA predicate<\/strong><\/span> is everything in the verb part of the sentence after the subject (unless the sentence uses inverted word order). A compound predicate<\/em> is two or more predicates joined by a coordinating conjunction. Traditionally, the conjunction in a sentence consisting of just two compound predicates is not punctuated.\r\n
                            \r\n \t
                          • Another library media specialist has been using Accelerated Reader for ten years<\/strong><\/span> and has seen great results<\/strong><\/span>.<\/li>\r\n \t
                          • This cell phone app lets users share pictures instantly with followers<\/strong><\/span> and categorize photos with hashtags<\/strong><\/span>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

                            Compound Sentences<\/h3>\r\nA compound sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses<\/em> joined by a coordinating conjunction<\/span> (and, or, nor, but, yet, for) and a comma, an adverbial conjunction and a semicolon, or just a semicolon.\r\n
                              \r\n \t
                            • In sphygmomanometers, too narrow a cuff can result in erroneously high readings, and<\/span> too wide a cuff can result in erroneously low readings.<\/li>\r\n \t
                            • Some cuff hook together;<\/span> others wrap or snap into place.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nCommand sentences can be compound sentences as well:\r\n
                                \r\n \t
                              • Never give up;<\/span> never surrender.<\/li>\r\n \t
                              • Turn the handle 90 degrees and<\/span> push the button four times.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nWhen you have a compound command sentence with a coordinating conjunction, you do not need to include a comma, because the two have the same subject.\r\n
                                \r\n

                                Practice<\/h3>\r\nIdentify the type of each sentence below.\u00a0Why is each\u00a0type of sentence useful in each instance?\r\n
                                  \r\n \t
                                1. The sphygmomanometer is usually covered with cloth and has two rubber tubes attached to it.<\/li>\r\n \t
                                2. There are several types of sentences; using different types can keep your writing lively.<\/li>\r\n \t
                                3. Words, sentences, and paragraphs are all combined to create a book.<\/li>\r\n \t
                                4. Before giving up, take a deep breath and look at things from a different perspective.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[practice-area rows=\"4\"][\/practice-area]\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"745490\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"745490\"]Put Answer Here\r\n
                                    \r\n \t
                                  1. This sentence has a compound predicate\u2014that is, there are two predicates, joined with the conjunction and<\/em>: \"is usually covered with cloth\" and \"has two rubber tubes attached to it.\"\r\n
                                      \r\n \t
                                    • Without the use of the compound predicate, you would need two separate sentences with the same subject. Using a compound predicate reduces needless repetition.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t
                                    • This is a compound sentence. There are two independent clauses joined together by a semicolon.\r\n
                                        \r\n \t
                                      • Combining the independent clauses with a semicolon indicates that the\u00a0two ideas are closely related. Putting a period between the two clauses and dividing them into two separate sentences would separate the ideas as well.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t
                                      • This is a simple sentence with a compound subject. The\u00a0subject\u00a0is \"Words, sentences, and paragraphs,\" and the predicate\u00a0is \"are all combined to create a book.\"\r\n
                                          \r\n \t
                                        • Without a compound predicate,\u00a0it would be very difficult to convey this idea.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t
                                        • This is a command sentence with a compound predicate\u2014that is, there are two predicates, joined with the conjunction and<\/em>: \"take a deep breath\" and \"look at things from a different perspective\"\r\n
                                            \r\n \t
                                          • This sentence doesn't have an explicitly stated subject, just the implied\u00a0you<\/em>.\u00a0You do not need a comma before\u00a0and<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

                                            Punctuation Patterns<\/h2>\r\nWhile your sentence's punctuation will always depend on the content of your writing, there are a few common punctuation patterns you should be aware of.\r\n\r\nSimple\u00a0sentences have these\u00a0punctuation patterns:\r\n
                                              \r\n \t
                                            • ________________________________.<\/li>\r\n \t
                                            • ________, ________________________.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nCompound predicate sentences have this punctuation pattern: ________\u00a0________\u00a0and ________.\r\n\r\nCompound Sentences have these punctuation patterns:\r\n
                                                \r\n \t
                                              • ________________, and ________________.<\/li>\r\n \t
                                              • ________________; ________________.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nAs you can see from these common patterns, periods, commas, and semicolons are the punctuation marks you will use the most in your writing. As you write, it's best to use a variety of these patterns. If you use the same pattern\u00a0repeatedly, your writing can easily become boring and drab.\r\n
                                                \r\n

                                                Practice<\/h3>\r\nThe sentences in this passage follow a single punctuation pattern:\u00a0________________________________. Revise the passage to create variety.\r\n

                                                Johann Sebastian Bach wrote six Cello Suites.\u00a0The Cello Suites are suites for unaccompanied cello. They are some of the most frequently performed and recognizable solo compositions ever written for cello. Each movement is based around a baroque dance type. This basis\u00a0is\u00a0standard\u00a0for a Baroque musical suite. The cello suites are structured in six movements each. Each includes a prelude; an allemande; a courante; a sarabande; two minuets, two bourr\u00e9es, or two gavottes; and a final gigue. The Bach cello suites are considered to be among the most profound of all classical music works.<\/p>\r\n[practice-area rows=\"4\"][\/practice-area]\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"318161\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"318161\"]There are an infinite number of revisions\u00a0for this passage. As you compare your work with ours, keep these things in mind:\r\n

                                                  \r\n \t
                                                1. When combining sentences into complex or compound sentence, make sure you use punctuation and conjunctions correctly.<\/li>\r\n \t
                                                2. When there is redundant information, you can easily remove it and combine the other parts of a sentence together.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nJohann Sebastian Bach's six\u00a0Cello Suites, written for\u00a0unaccompanied cello, are some of the most frequently performed and recognizable solo compositions ever written for cello. As is\u00a0standard\u00a0for a Baroque musical suite, each movement is based around a baroque dance type. The cello suites are structured in six movements each: a prelude; an allemande; a courante; a sarabande; two minuets, two bourr\u00e9es, or two gavottes; and a final gigue. The Bach cello suites are considered to be among the most profound of all classical music works.\r\n\r\n[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"

                                                  Basic Sentence Patterns<\/h2>\n

                                                  Subject<\/span> + verb<\/span><\/h3>\n

                                                  The simplest of sentence patterns is composed of a subject<\/strong><\/span> and verb<\/strong><\/span> without a direct object or subject complement. It uses an intransitive verb<\/strong>, that is, a verb requiring no direct object:<\/p>\n

                                                    \n
                                                  • Control rods<\/strong><\/span> remain<\/strong><\/span> inside the fuel assembly of the reactor.<\/li>\n
                                                  • The development<\/strong><\/span> of wind power practically ceased<\/strong><\/span> until the early 1970s.<\/li>\n
                                                  • The cross-member<\/strong><\/span> exposed to abnormal stress eventually broke<\/strong><\/span>.<\/li>\n
                                                  • Only two types<\/strong><\/span> of charge exist<\/strong><\/span> in nature.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                    Subject<\/span> + verb<\/span> + direct object<\/span><\/h3>\n

                                                    Another common sentence pattern uses the direct object<\/strong><\/span>:<\/p>\n

                                                      \n
                                                    • Silicon<\/strong><\/span> conducts<\/strong><\/span> electricity<\/strong><\/span> in an unusual way.<\/li>\n
                                                    • The anti-reflective coating<\/strong><\/span> on the the silicon cell reduces<\/strong><\/span> reflection<\/strong><\/span> from 32 to 22 percent.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                      Subject<\/span> + verb<\/span> + indirect object<\/span> + direct object<\/span><\/h3>\n

                                                      The sentence pattern with the indirect<\/span> object<\/strong><\/span> and direct object<\/strong><\/span> is similar to the preceding pattern:<\/p>\n

                                                        \n
                                                      • I<\/strong><\/span> am writing<\/strong><\/span> her<\/strong><\/span> about a number of problems<\/strong><\/span> that I have had with my computer.<\/li>\n
                                                      • Austin, Texas<\/strong><\/span>, has<\/strong><\/span> recently built<\/strong><\/span> its citizens<\/strong><\/span> a system<\/strong><\/span> of bike lanes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                        \n

                                                        Practice<\/h3>\n

                                                        Identify the basic sentence pattern of the sentences below. What are the different parts of each sentence?<\/p>\n

                                                          \n
                                                        1. All amplitude-modulation (AM) receivers work in the same way.<\/li>\n
                                                        2. The supervisor mailed the applicant a description of the job.<\/li>\n
                                                        3. We have mailed the balance of the payment in this letter.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n