{"id":183,"date":"2017-04-07T00:54:00","date_gmt":"2017-04-07T00:54:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-english1\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=183"},"modified":"2017-04-07T00:54:00","modified_gmt":"2017-04-07T00:54:00","slug":"seeking-input-from-others","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-english1\/chapter\/seeking-input-from-others\/","title":{"raw":"Seeking Input from Others","rendered":"Seeking Input from Others"},"content":{"raw":"<p class=\"p1\">College writers have many potential opportunities to seek out feedback on their work, at any stage of the writing process. For instance, your college's Writing Center or Tutoring Center would be happy to work with you on prewriting, early drafts, or nearly finished drafts.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Friends or family members might also be good options for feedback, if you trust that they will be genuine and helpful with their input.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">You will likely also have the opportunity to participate in peer review for many courses that require writing assignments.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-602 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1705\/2017\/04\/06215035\/6735929719_d6f13e0c3e_z.jpg\" alt=\"Art depicting student holding a paper, with eyes surrounding him\" width=\"510\" height=\"368\"\/><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"p1\">Peer Review<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Instructors teaching a writing-intensive course, or any course that requires students to produce a substantial amount of writing, should consider creating opportunities for students to read and respond to one another\u2019s writing. Such opportunities to engage in \u201cpeer review,\u201d when well planned, can help students improve their reading and writing skills and learn how to collaborate effectively.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">More specifically, participating in peer review can help students:<\/span><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"ul1\"><li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\">Learn how to read carefully, with attention to the details of a piece of writing (whether their own or another writer\u2019s);<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\">Learn how to strengthen their writing by taking into account the responses of actual and anticipated readers;<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\">Make the transition from writing primarily for themselves or for an instructor to writing for a broader audience\u2013a key transition for students as they learn to write university-level papers and as they prepare for post-graduate work;<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\">Learn how to formulate and communicate constructive feedback on a peer\u2019s work;<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\">Learn how to gather and respond to feedback on their own work.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul><h3>Challenges in\u00a0the Peer Review Process<\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\">Many instructors who have incorporated peer review into their courses report less than satisfying results. In fact, it is quite common to find that, when asked to participate in peer review, students rush through the peer-review process and offer their peers only vaguely positive comments, such as \u201cI liked your paper,\u201d or \u201cGood job,\u201d or \u201cGood paper, but a few parts need more work.\u201d Furthermore, many students seem to ignore peer-reviewers\u2019 comments on their writing.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">There are several possible reasons behind such responses:<\/span><\/p>\n\n<ol><li class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Many students feel uncomfortable with the task of having to pronounce a judgment on their peers\u2019 writing.<\/b> This discomfort may be the result of their maturity level, their desire not to hurt a peer\u2019s feelings (perhaps made more acute by the fact that they are anxious about having their peers read and judge their own writing), or simply their inexperience with providing constructive criticism on a peer\u2019s work. A vaguely positive response allows them to avoid a socially uncomfortable situation and to create an environment of mutual support (Nilson 2003).<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li class=\"p2\"><b>If students are not given clear guidance from their instructors, they may not know how to comment on one another\u2019s writing in a specific and constructive way.<\/b> In addition, it should be noted that students may not understand how to comment on their peers\u2019 writing because over the years they have not received helpful feedback from instructors who have graded their papers. (For suggestions on how to write specific comments that can help students improve their writing, see the handout, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/teachingcenter.wustl.edu\/resources\/incorporating-writing\/commenting-on-student-writing\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"s2\">Commenting on Student Writing<\/span><\/a>\u201c).<\/li>\n \t<li class=\"p2\"><b>Some instructors ask their students to evaluate their peers\u2019 writing using the same criteria the instructor uses when grading papers (e.g., quality of thesis, adequacy of support, coherence, etc.).<\/b>Undergraduate students often have an inadequate understanding of these criteria, and as a result, they either ignore or inappropriately apply such criteria during peer-review sessions (Nilson 2003).<\/li>\n \t<li class=\"p2\"><b>Many students do not perceive feedback from peers as relevant to the process of writing a paper for a course.<\/b> Especially at the beginning of their undergraduate work, students are likely to assume that it is only the instructor\u2019s feedback that \u201ccounts.\u201d<\/li>\n \t<li class=\"p2\"><b>Even when they take seriously feedback provided by their peers, students often do not know how to incorporate that feedback when they revise their papers.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\u00a0","rendered":"<p class=\"p1\">College writers have many potential opportunities to seek out feedback on their work, at any stage of the writing process. For instance, your college&#8217;s Writing Center or Tutoring Center would be happy to work with you on prewriting, early drafts, or nearly finished drafts.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Friends or family members might also be good options for feedback, if you trust that they will be genuine and helpful with their input.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">You will likely also have the opportunity to participate in peer review for many courses that require writing assignments.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-602 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1705\/2017\/04\/06215035\/6735929719_d6f13e0c3e_z.jpg\" alt=\"Art depicting student holding a paper, with eyes surrounding him\" width=\"510\" height=\"368\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p1\">Peer Review<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Instructors teaching a writing-intensive course, or any course that requires students to produce a substantial amount of writing, should consider creating opportunities for students to read and respond to one another\u2019s writing. Such opportunities to engage in \u201cpeer review,\u201d when well planned, can help students improve their reading and writing skills and learn how to collaborate effectively.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">More specifically, participating in peer review can help students:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\">Learn how to read carefully, with attention to the details of a piece of writing (whether their own or another writer\u2019s);<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\">Learn how to strengthen their writing by taking into account the responses of actual and anticipated readers;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\">Make the transition from writing primarily for themselves or for an instructor to writing for a broader audience\u2013a key transition for students as they learn to write university-level papers and as they prepare for post-graduate work;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\">Learn how to formulate and communicate constructive feedback on a peer\u2019s work;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s1\">Learn how to gather and respond to feedback on their own work.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Challenges in\u00a0the Peer Review Process<\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\">Many instructors who have incorporated peer review into their courses report less than satisfying results. In fact, it is quite common to find that, when asked to participate in peer review, students rush through the peer-review process and offer their peers only vaguely positive comments, such as \u201cI liked your paper,\u201d or \u201cGood job,\u201d or \u201cGood paper, but a few parts need more work.\u201d Furthermore, many students seem to ignore peer-reviewers\u2019 comments on their writing.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">There are several possible reasons behind such responses:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Many students feel uncomfortable with the task of having to pronounce a judgment on their peers\u2019 writing.<\/b> This discomfort may be the result of their maturity level, their desire not to hurt a peer\u2019s feelings (perhaps made more acute by the fact that they are anxious about having their peers read and judge their own writing), or simply their inexperience with providing constructive criticism on a peer\u2019s work. A vaguely positive response allows them to avoid a socially uncomfortable situation and to create an environment of mutual support (Nilson 2003).<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p2\"><b>If students are not given clear guidance from their instructors, they may not know how to comment on one another\u2019s writing in a specific and constructive way.<\/b> In addition, it should be noted that students may not understand how to comment on their peers\u2019 writing because over the years they have not received helpful feedback from instructors who have graded their papers. (For suggestions on how to write specific comments that can help students improve their writing, see the handout, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/teachingcenter.wustl.edu\/resources\/incorporating-writing\/commenting-on-student-writing\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"s2\">Commenting on Student Writing<\/span><\/a>\u201c).<\/li>\n<li class=\"p2\"><b>Some instructors ask their students to evaluate their peers\u2019 writing using the same criteria the instructor uses when grading papers (e.g., quality of thesis, adequacy of support, coherence, etc.).<\/b>Undergraduate students often have an inadequate understanding of these criteria, and as a result, they either ignore or inappropriately apply such criteria during peer-review sessions (Nilson 2003).<\/li>\n<li class=\"p2\"><b>Many students do not perceive feedback from peers as relevant to the process of writing a paper for a course.<\/b> Especially at the beginning of their undergraduate work, students are likely to assume that it is only the instructor\u2019s feedback that \u201ccounts.\u201d<\/li>\n<li class=\"p2\"><b>Even when they take seriously feedback provided by their peers, students often do not know how to incorporate that feedback when they revise their papers.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-183\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Using Peer Review to Help Students Improve Their Writing. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: The Teaching Center at Washington University in St. Louis. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/teachingcenter.wustl.edu\/resources\/incorporating-writing\/using-peer-review-to-help-students-improve-their-writing\/\">https:\/\/teachingcenter.wustl.edu\/resources\/incorporating-writing\/using-peer-review-to-help-students-improve-their-writing\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-ND: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives <\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Image of peer review. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: AJ Cann. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/bgepei\">https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/bgepei<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":26,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Using Peer Review to Help Students Improve Their Writing\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"The Teaching Center at Washington University in St. Louis\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/teachingcenter.wustl.edu\/resources\/incorporating-writing\/using-peer-review-to-help-students-improve-their-writing\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-nd\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Image of peer review\",\"author\":\"AJ Cann\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/bgepei\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-183","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-english1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/183","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-english1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-english1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-english1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-english1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/183\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":478,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-english1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/183\/revisions\/478"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-english1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-english1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/183\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-english1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=183"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-english1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=183"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-english1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=183"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-english1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=183"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}